...Change Management Theory Name Institution Date Drivers for change Synergetic solutions Inc. as a company had specialized in assembling computers from major leading brands then later sold the computers at a subsidized price. The need for growth and expansion brought the issue of computer networking into perspective (Burnes, 2004). It was agreed that the organization should take part in this venture. In the event of effecting a change in any organization external and internal factors must be taken into consideration. At Synergetic, employee dissatisfaction is one of the major internal drivers. The employees have to be positively motivated to ensure that they welcome the changes and they take the initiative to learn new skills to aid the success of the change that was intended. “Morale largely surges when employees are empowered to aid reduce the impact of the company’s products and processes” (National Research Council Canada, 2003). Through incentives and bonuses for the employees they ensured success in one of the internal drivers of change. Another internal driver was better quality of their products in the market. Synergetic solutions had to come up with ways to ensure that what they were giving out in the market was performing at ultimate level. One other internal driver of change was humble financial performances which caused anxiety among employees. The fear that there might be future belt-tightening or company shutdown was a major fear...
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...Organizations face the continuous prospect of change as they fight to survive and remain competitive in a globalized economy. Changes exist in both the external and internal environments. As organizational environments exert pressure for change, organizations must adjust if they are to survive and prosper. According to Medley and Akan (2008), theories concerning organizational change were dominated by Lewin’s planned change approach (1947), which brings together four complex elements: (1) field theory, which seeks to map the totality of human behaviors taking place; (2) group dynamics, which seeks to understand the behavior of groups; (3) action research, which requires analyzing the situation and choosing the best change for the situation; and (4) the three-step planned change model, consisting of (a) unfreezing human behavior that is supported by a complex field of driving and restraining forces, (b)changing- moving to learn new behaviors and effectuating required changes, and (c) refreezing an equilibrium to ensure new behaviors. Unfreezing According to Burnes (2004), Lewin believed that the stability of human behavior was based on a quasi-stationary equilibrium supported by a complex field of driving and restraining forces. He argued that the equilibrium needs to be destabilized (unfrozen) before old behavior can be unlearnt and new behavior successfully adopted. Unfreezing is altering the present stable equilibrium which supports existing behaviors and attitudes...
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...The Theories and Practices Behind Organizational Change Is real and permanent change truly as difficult to achieve as it is sometimes suggested to be? If so, what steps are necessary to properly introduce major changes within the context of an organization? Can an organization survive in today’s fast paced global economy without properly instituting regular changes in order to adapt to the very fluid market in which it resides? The Heart of Change by John P. Kotter and Dan S. Cohen attempts to address the answers to some of these fundamental questions and more by exploring what steps are necessary for organizations to make when undertaking change management processes. Motivational speaker Tony Robbins once said, “By changing nothing, nothing changes.” It is a very simple yet elegant statement about the nature of change. Never is it wise to simply live up to the status quo and expect that somehow, someway your situation will spontaneously improve itself. Change means taking immediate action in order to correct mistakes that have been made, or to improve upon already successful practices. The vast majority of today’s thriving organizations have realized this and have made change, adaptation, and flexibility key components to their business model. However, many organizations that attempt change are unsuccessful due to their lack of understanding about how change is properly implemented and maintained. For many organizations in our current economic climate, failure at...
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...Two Theories Of Ageing Activity Theory: “The activity theory of aging proposes that older adults are happiest when they stay active and maintain social interactions. The theory was developed by Robert J. Havighurst as a response to the disengagement theory of aging” (www.boundless.com/) This theory indicates that regular exercise be it of the mind or physical exercise, keeps the older adult healthy and stimulated. Therefore it could potentially ward off diseases, viruses and infections whilst allowing the older adult to preserve relationships. Continuity Theory: “The continuity theory is one of three major psychosocial theories which describe how people develop in old age. The other two psychosocial theories are the disengagement theory, with which the continuity theory comes to odds, and the activity theory upon which the continuity theory modifies and elaborates.” (www.boundless.com/) The continuity theory is exactly how it sounds, studies have shown that as adults mature they try and hang on to things that they find familiar. Things from the past can be very helpful in comforting and elderly adult such as a familiar face, or a familiar song. They can ease people and reassure them that everything is going to be okay. Whilst some things can hazardous such as a lady could be used to going dancing every Saturday night but as she grows older her bones become brittle therefore endangering her. The physical and Psychological changes with ageing As we become...
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...In this case study, Theory of Change was used to understand the driving forces and advocacy efforts behind the creation of each individual state's medical marijuana laws in order to determine if vulnerable populations were considered during the policy-making process. Theory of Change is a relatively new theoretical framework developed in the early 2000's by Organizational Research Services as a conceptual model for how policy change occurs. It is a tool used for developing solutions to complicated social problems and depicts how a complex change initiative can unfold over time. Theory of Change also explains how long and short-term outcomes can be used to achieve long-range goals. When used respectability in relation to social policies, Theory...
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...opinions and points of view on the subject global warming and climate-change. Matt Patterson, the author of “Warming, not!”, is a conservative political writer and the article is published in New York Post. Patterson claims that the evidence for global warming has been exaggerated and is just plain wrong. He states that the climate-change theory is facing a sudden collapse, because of two recent arguments: The first argument being the observations that Monnett and fellow researcher Jeffrey Gleason made in 2004 - of four polar bears drowning after being forced to swim long distances in the open sea, because of the climate changes - are now being questioned and investigated. Monnett has now been put on “leave” due to integrity issues. The other argument being a paper published in the peer-reviewed journal ‘Remote Sensing’ by Drs. Roy Spencer and Danny Braswell. The two scientists had compared the predictions about what the atmosphere ‘should’ do and what satellite data actually showed during the 18 months before and after warming event. They found that the computer models vastly overestimated the greenhouse effect. According to the two scientists the Earth is far more capable of equalizing its own temperature than people might think. Matt Patterson closes the article saying that there is a huge discrepancy between global-warming theory and actual, observable reality. Therefore, he claims that the climate-change theory is facing a sudden collapse. Jerrald Hayes, the author of “Matt...
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...Behavioural change theories From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Behavioural change theories are attempts to explain why behaviours change. These theories cite environmental, personal, and behavioural characteristics as the major factors in behavioural determination. In recent years, there has been increased interest in the application of these theories in the areas of health, education, criminology, energy and international development with the hope that understanding behavioural change will improve the services offered in these areas. Contents • 1 General theories and models o 1.1 Self-efficacy o 1.2 Learning theories/behaviour analytic theories of change o 1.3 Social learning/social cognitive theory o 1.4 Theory of reasoned action o 1.5 Theory of planned behaviour o 1.6 Transtheoretical/stages of change model o 1.7 Health action process approach o 1.8 Education o 1.9 Criminology o 1.10 Energy • 2 Objections General theories and models Each behavioural change theory or model focuses on different factors in attempting to explain behavioural change. Of the many that exist, the most prevalent are the learning theories, Social Cognitive Theory, Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behaviour, Transtheoretical Model and the Health Action Process Approach. Research has also been conducted regarding specific elements of these theories, especially elements like self-efficacy that are common to several of the theories. Self-efficacy Self-efficacy is an individual's...
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...be successful, it is imperative to fully understand how behavior can change in an instant. Health education depends on using the proper theories and models. This paper will address the theories and models used in health education, the importance of the theories, as well as real world examples and information from models used in health education. To understand why it is important to use theories, one must first understand the difference between theories and models. While theories are a set of interrelated concepts and definitions and propositions used to present a systematic view of events or situations, models are composites of mixtures and ideas taken from a number of theories and used together (Cottrell, Girvan, & McKenzie, 2012). Theories and models are intertwined in health education. Theories are important in health education because they influence how evidence is collected, analyzed, understood, and utilized. When theories are implicit, they have the power to clarify and reveal new ideas and insights. Overall, theories influence health education by providing focus on implementation processes to continually improve and make the required adjustments. The socio-ecological approach is important in health education because it examines how one’s physical, social, political, economic, and cultural dimensions influence their behavior and conditions. Human behavior is too easily influenced and can change in an instant; it is simply how humans and their behavior are. An individual’s...
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...There are opposing ideas in the change in technology one is called technological determinism and the other is social shaping. What technological determinism says is that technology is autonomous and also an independent factor that exists outside of society. Whats more it also states that technology causes social change as well as its development is linear and inevitable. On the other hand social shaping says that technology is social in origin and consequence, in addition audience demand, behaviour and feedback is what determines the development in technology. Both of these views are very extreme and therefore you could say that there is a medium that lies in between the two of these theories which is that change happens due to audience demand as well as the needs - such as profit - and control of the institutions. Many theorists that look into cultural change look into areas such as change that benefits the audience, change that has positives and negatives for the audience in what media in the online age offers. However there are so many theories that offer different perspectives that it is hard to actually find one single theory that offers a complete solution or conclusion to how the media in the online age has impacted culture and people globally. Firstly if we look into the idea of utopian theories, which is the idea that the development in the online age has now started to take down obstacles for audiences which has lead to greater opportunities of them. Jenkins came up...
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...Recommendations for Change at Red Star An Analysis of the Haier Group (A) Case As Haier Group looks to Acquire Red Star, Zhang Ruimin must consider the strategy for change that he must implement. While the changes that need to be made may be obvious on the surface, the method he chooses to invoke change is critical to the initiative’s success. Zhang faces an organization that has suffered years of poor management, where no motivation exists throughout the business. Careful consideration of the circumstances at Red Star must be analyzed before employing Theory E, Theory O, or a synthesis of the two. The most effective conclusion to the method of change to be used as Haier Group acquires Red Star is a synthesis between Theories E and O; specifically, a focus on cultural change using a very programmatic plan. To be successful in his change effort at Red Star, Zhang must first consider what has worked well for him in the past. He has been through several campaigns for change while at the helm of Haier Group, originally known as Qingdao General Refrigerator Factory. His first effort started in 1984, on his first day at QGRF. Zhang chose to lead the organization because he saw it as a challenge. The company was suffering from poor quality and increased competition. Zhang saw the potential for a star in the industry and knew he was the right person for the challenge. The changes he made were both structural (Theory E) and cultural (Theory O) in nature. After...
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...The effect of voluntary changes in accounting procedures on earning is also used to test the implications of the theory. Reported changes in accounting procedures are available from two sources: the sample of depreciation switches used by Holthausen and changes reported by accounting trends and techniques. Accounting changes are collected from these sources for the sample companies. Procedure changes are decomposed according to the type of change. This table presents for the full sample 342 changes. There were 242 changes disclosed in the footnotes about changes on effect on earning , but the other 100 cases described the effect of the change as immaterial or not disclosed. These are coded to indicate whether the effect is positive or negative. We had 2 tests to certify the theory, the first one is contingency tests. The contingency tests are replicated using the effect of changes in accounting procedures on earnings available for bonuses as a proxy for discretionary accounting decisions. If the effect of the accounting change on this variable is positive, the change is classified as income-increasing. According to analysis, the results don't support the theory. However, there are several potential explanations of this findings: 1. It is more costly for managers to transfer earnings between periods by changing accounting procedures than by changing accruals, and 2. Changes in accounting procedures affect earnings and the bonus plan lower bound in the current and future years...
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...may influence the willingness of customer-contact employees to engage in discretionary efforts may reflect in the service quality they deliver. He goes on to comment on one of the key findings from Malhotra and Mukherje (2003) research; that affective commitment was more important than job satisfaction in determining the service quality of customer contact employees. Richard McBain (2005) goes on to conclude that “Service organisations should, therefore, strive to develop the affective component of commitment amongst their customer employees, alongside their job satisfaction, as part as part of their internal marketing strategy”. Richard McBain (2005) goes on to look at the relationship between organisational commitment and readiness for change. He refers to Madsen, Miller and John (2005, pp. 214-215) arguement that “embracing constant and continuous...
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...Business Change Student’s name Institutional affiliation Professor’s name Describe the organization and the change that was implemented The company in question is known as Kodak Company which is a technology company that majorly deals in imaging for the various businesses that are around. The company is located at New York City in the United States of America and offers various services to people as well as businesses. Some of the major services in which this company deals in include; graphic communications, packaging and also printing, mentioning just but a few. Other than that, Kodak Company is majorly known for its best services in the photographic films and this has been clearly seen from the fact that it has enjoyed a very large percentage of the market shares within the United States and also in other countries around the world. However, in the recent years after the emergence of digital photography, the company has suffered largely in terms of market since most people ought to go for the digital photography rather than the one introduced by Kodak Company. Many years since the 1990s the company has really suffered a lot while bearing many losses due to the competition brought by the digital photography, despite the fact that Kodak Company had the original invention currently used in the digital cameras. As a result of this the company has decided to have changes in its day to day operations including the management so that they remain relevant and continue...
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...CHAPTER 1 SUMMARY Throughout Chapter One we learned how history influences many aspects and theories of management today. We were educated on the past and how we can learn from it. We read about changes in the workplace and many of the managers who developed the theories of management we see today. We read of the behavioral approach, quantitative approach, and the contemporary approach. As well as the two levels of Organizational Management, and the different approaches. Management is an ever changing field. This week a better understanding of the magnitude managers have in the success of an organization was revealed. First-line managers oversee employees in performing and accomplishing daily tasks of providing goods or services to customers. A manager failure to properly supervise employees to meet the organization stated objectives will directly impact the company's earnings. Supervisors of first-line managers, known as managers of managers, are middle managers. They provide project oversight and direction to first-line managers. It's imperative that managers at this level quickly adapt to economic and technology change. Failure to facilitate timely change within their organization can affect the company’s ability to remain profitable. Managers must be able to define goals, work with employees, and be relational when serving as manager. History discloses when Organizational Managers at all levels function properly, organizations achieve positive results (Robbins...
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...Samantha Bacon Case Analysis Questions Define the problem: * Evaluation case, to evaluate the status of the company and the issues that proceeded with changing management styles. * Issues to focus on * Constant leadership change * Sales strategies * Changing from construction based to a total technology enterprise * Transition from top-down approach to a more “free discussion” approach * Globalization and regionalizing production List any outside concepts that can be applied: * Allocating resources properly * Knowing what would drive disruptive innovation * Filtering good and bad capital * Systems theory: a collection of parts brought together to accomplish some end goal or objective. * Chaos theory: change is inevitable and is rarely controlled List relevant qualitative data: * Change in leadership styles * autocratic, diplomatic, and participatory * Change in slogan * “growth, global, groupwide” to “total technology enterprise” * Strategy changes * Project A, restoring domestic marketplaces, Project G * Attempts at internationalization * Regionalizing in Europe and USA * Demand fluctuation in market * Have electronics, robotics, and plastics account for 50% sales (Tanaka) * % of sales outside of Japan reflects List relevant quantitative data: * Currency fluctuation (value of Yen) * Market share values * Increase from 50% to...
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