...There are number of different interlinked reasons for changes in the patterns of marriage, cohabitation and divorce in the last 30 years. The number of marriages has declined as a result of most people are getting married later in life, although cohabitation has increased rapidly due to the changing social attitudes and the divorce rate has increased as changes in law made it easier to obtain. Since the 1970s, there has been a significant decline in marriage, from 480,000 marriages in 1972 to 306,000 in 2000. Women's expectation of marriage and life has increased since 1970s. Some sociologists argue that we place an increased value on romantic love, which had resulted in more marital breakdown. Young and Wilmot suggest that in the west we have a romanticised, unrealistic view of marriage and family life. Over the past 30 years, people have tended to marry later. Living together as a couple, partly accounts for this. Many couples see cohabitation as a prelude to marriage. Also, they are less likely to give up their careers and independence as now women are financial independent. When our marriage doesn't live up to our increased expectations we are more likely to give up on it in search of the perfect marriage. Functionalists such as Ronald Fletcher Talcott Parsons claim that people expect and demand more from marriage. They believe that higher divorce rate reflects a higher value placed on marriage. Feminists argues that it is women rather than men who are increasingly dissatisfied...
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...Examine the reasons for the changing patterns of marriage and divorce over the last 50 years Sude Dramali Families in Britain are continually changing over time, but over the last 50 years there have been major changes. There has been a huge increase in the numbers of divorce, and a decrease in the number of marriages. The divorce rate has especially increased, as now one-half of new marriages today are likely to end in divorce. New forms of the family are rising, such as lone parents, same sex marriages and cohabitation. These changes mean that families and households today bear little resemblance to those of fifty years ago, and the "typical family" no longer seems to exists. One of the reasons for the changing pattern of marriage and divorce is the changing role of women. Feminists might argue that women's expectations of life and the quality of their relationship have risen during the last century, and so are less likely to accept a traditional housewife role. Around three quarters of divorce petitions are initiated by women, which would imply that more women are unhappy with they're marriages than men are. On top of this; the employment of married women has dramatically increased, and now it is the norm for married women with children to also be in employment. This change is reflected in TV shows and films, as the mother role is no longer portrayed as only being a housewife, but also as a working mother with her own career. Being employed increases women's financial...
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...Family System Tools - Reframing Marilyn B. Simmons BSHS/311 September 29, 2011 Dawn Oliwa, M.S. Family System Tools – Reframing Introduction Marriage and family counseling therapy has exploded over the past decade. Families are currently facing a wide variety of challenges and issues. Therapist and counselors are focused on using several different techniques to help establish and in some cases reestablish a healthily family functioning environment with the use of several different techniques. One of the techniques used in working with couples and families to stimulate change and gain greater understanding and information within the family structure is known as Reframing. Reframing is seen as a tool and method to offer the family a different perspective on presenting problems. Specifically, it involves taking something out of its logical class and content and placing it in another category (Sherman & Fredman, 1966). Through reframing, a negative often can be reframed into a positive. Communication patterns and processes are major factors in establishing a healthy family environment. Faulty or bad communication can severely hinder a family’s ability to resolve problems within the family structure, but literally close the door to the willingness to try. A combination of techniques can be used to shift the focus directly on Reframing to help a family or family member. Listening techniques including restatement of content...
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...Structural Family Therapy Janea Taylor St. Edward’s University July 22, 2014 CNCO 6364.01 Professor Michael S. Bishop, Ph.D., LMFT, LPC, PA Abstract The purpose of this research paper is to examine the theory upon which Structural Family Therapy is based. The history and construct of the theory, as well as a description of the techniques used while practicing this particular theory in application are discussed. An evaluation and critique are also provided, in addition to an overall summary of what was learned in the process of researching Structural Family Therapy. Keywords: structural family therapy, structural family theory, family systems Structural Family Therapy Historical Overview Structural Family Therapy (SFT) was created based on a theory developed by Salvador Minuchin which focuses on functioning within a family system (Nichols, 2014). Minuchin was born and raised Jewish in Argentina prior to moving to Israel where he became a physician. During the early 1960’s, he worked with at-risk youth within underprivileged sectors of society and poor families. As a result of his work with minority groups, Structural Family Therapy is one of the only theories with a sense of multi-culturalism. In 1967, Minuchin wrote a book entitled Families of the Slums which described his experiences with these families. While he was trained in psychodynamic techniques, he opted to take a different approach in working with this population by focusing on sociological...
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...Family Health Assessment Valerie McNeil Grand Canyon University: NRS-429 November 24, 2013 Family Health Assessment As nurses it is essential to use appropriate tools to assess individuals, families, and communities. Throughout this paper the writer used The Gordon’s 11 Functional Health Patterns as a guide to assess a family. This family included a mother, a father, one son, four daughters, and two grandsons. The writer developed two to three open minded, family focused questions for each of the 11 functional health patterns. In this paper the writer summarizes the findings of each functional health patterns of the family, and identifies three wellness nursing diagnoses based on the family assessment. The family being interviewed has a well pattern of health perception and health management. None of the family members have been hospitalized for long periods of time. The family members do not use drugs, or tobacco. Two of the older kids do drink alcohol occasionally, but the rest of the family does not. The family does not have the best nutritional-metabolic patterns. The family does not use vitamins or supplements, as well as the daily intake of food does not have a well balance of fruits, vegetables, grains, dairy, and protein. Two of the family members have eczema, and multiple family members have dental problems such as cavities. Most family members do not have problems with bowel patterns or bladder control. The father of the family has colon cancer and his bowel pattern...
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...SCLY1 (Old Specification) Past Exam Questions Although June 2016 will be a new specification and exam structure much of the material you have learnt in families and households applies to the new exam. Below are examples of questions taken from the old exam papers that you should practice writing plans for as they are still relevant. However there are a few key differences: * The question you will answer will be worth 20 marks not 24 marks. * You will have 30 minutes to write a 20 mark answer. * The essays will consist 4 paragraphs and a conclusion containing new information. How to use this document: * Use the extract from the mark scheme and examiners’ advice to create essay plans of the questions. * You may not have heard of all of the concepts in the mark scheme but there should be at least some that are familiar to you. * The examiner’s advice usually outlines bad, moderate and good answers to the question so pick out the ways in which you can achieve top band and incorporate this into your plan. June 2015 Examine the impact of government policies and laws on family life. [24 marks] From the mark scheme: Concepts and issues such as the following may appear: patriarchy; familism; surveillance; ideological control; gender regimes; marital breakdown; family structure; family diversity; welfare dependency; underclass; reserve army of labour Policies/laws on abortion; divorce; contraception; reproductive technology; marriage; adoption; pensions; benefits; taxes;...
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...actors and forces outside marketing that affect marketing management’s ability to build and maintain successful relationships with target customers. 1 5/3/2014 Components of the Marketing Environment Macro-environment Micro-environment Macroenvironment: Demographic Changing age structure of the population Changing family structure The larger societal forces The forces close to the that affect the whole company that affect its ability to serve its customers: microenvironment: Political Company Economic Competitors Demographic Suppliers Cultural Marketing Intermediaries Technological Customers Natural Publics Increasing diversity Better-educated, more white-collar, more professional population Geographic shifts in population Macroenvironment: Demographic Demography: The study of human population in terms of size, density, location, age, gender, race, occupation and other statistics. Macroenvironment: Demographic Changing Age Structure of the Population Age Group: Baby Boomers Born between 1946 and 1964, people born post– World War II. 1/5 of Australian population. Cherish youth, convenience and individuality. Individualism has led to a personalised economy. Changing Age Structure of the...
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...Examine the reasons for changing patterns of marriage and divorce in the UK Over the last fifty years the patterns of marriage and divorce have changed. There are many reasons why they have changed. One of the reasons may be the changes in the law, which now allow women to appeal for divorce and makes it easier for couples to get divorced in general, people have high expectations, women’s roles in society have changed, the family has become privatized, and the increased life expectancy. These are just a few of the factors that contribute to the changing patterns of marriage and divorce. In 2006 the divorce rate fell for a second consecutive year (by seven percent). The divorce rate has been falling for years as less people are getting married and changes in the laws regarding marriage and divorce as well as changing attitudes in society are all factors that are contributing to this. One of the reasons for this is society no longer frowned upon by society. Until recently divorce was looked down on and considered a dark topic, divorcees particularly female divorcees found themselves alienated from society and struggled to support themselves and any children they may have had. However now divorce is accepted in societies and divorcees are offered support and if they want to can even get married again if they wish to do so. Another reason why the divorce and marriage patterns are changing is womens roles in society have changed. Previously women were expected to be housewives...
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...Examine the reasons for the changes in the patterns of marriage In the last 30 years, the British society has experienced many changes affecting the family. There have been changes in attitudes to and expectations of family life, as well as official changes such as government legislation. Society has been affected by feminism, which has led to increased awareness of women’s rights and freedoms, as well as postmodernism and secularisation. The changes resulting have affected marriage rates, which are decreasing, and more people are now marrying later in life and more than once. More people are choosing to cohabit, either before or instead of marrying, and this is becoming increasingly common in young couples. Divorce rates have also increased in the last 30 years, following changes in legislation and attitudes. As society’s view of a ‘conventional family’ has changed over the last 30 years, the acceptable norms have widened. In the past, an unmarried woman would be looked down on, as it was expected that women would marry and invest their time in raising a family. If they didn’t, it could be presumed that could they couldn’t find a willing partner, or that there was something wrong with them. Although 95.1% of British women still marry before they are 49, it has become more acceptable to choose not to get married, and rather than being looked down on, single women are more likely to be viewed as strong, focussed, and independent. This means there is less pressure on...
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...I work with families who have children aged 0-19, where there are a range of difficulties and/or additional needs I support these families using a range of different interventions. The service incorporates professionals from Early Years, Family Support, School Attendance and Youth Support, but one of the most common traits we all share is families complaining about how the same situation arises again and again, which compels me to talk about the concept of scripts. Description of theory Byng-Hall (1995) states that the metaphor ‘script’ is universal in our culture through theatre, film and most of all television: “All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players” (Shakespeare, As you like it). Because the script theory forms the basis of Byng-Hall’s thinking it provides a link between the theory and family experiences. Although Byng-Hall recognises family therapists have used various metaphors such as family maps; family choreography; family paradigms and family models to describe shared representation. He believes that none of these terms fully represent the ‘drama’ of family life, in the same way as family scripts. The notion of family scripts as described by Byng-Hall is that everyone has the whole family script encoded in their minds, but will identify more with certain roles. Byng-Hall suggests that family scripts can account for how individuals may disown responsibility for what happens and attribute blame to someone else in the family. However...
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...Family Health Assessment Wilson K. A Nyamwatta Grand Canyon University: NRS-429V (NRS- 429V) Family Centered Health Promotion November 25, 2012 Page 1 There are three methods of data collection employed by community nurses to obtain community assessment data. They include observation, interviews and measurement; the observation method also referred to as the windshield survey that includes the use of all the senses i.e. sight, touch, smell, hearing and taste to ascertain community appearances, noting the status of residential buildings, the people and their physical and biological surroundings. The second method is the measurement technique that utilizes tools to quantify information obtained from the community. They type of data obtained using this method includes mortality and morbidity rates, census, population statistics and other epidemiological statistical data. These types of data can easily be obtained from private and public or government agencies. Lastly, the most famous source of information from the community is talking to people in the particular community. The residents form a very important way of learning about the community concerns, strengths, weaknesses and their perception of their community as a whole. This method requires formulating a set of questions specific to target areas. This assignment used the interview method of data collection to complete my family’s assessment of the Gordon’s eleven functional health patterns. Under the values and...
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...Sociology Homework: Marriage, Divorce and Family Diversity • Explain what sociologists mean by 'serial monogamy'. (2 marks) When sociologists use the term 'serial monogamy' they mean the practice of having a number of long-term romantic or sexual partners in succession. • Suggest two reasons for the growth of one-parent families. (4 marks) One reason in which one parent families have grown is due to the fact that only half the amount of people are currently getting married. This effects the lifestyle children are growing up in as they may not see a set of adults being completely committed, also it may give the children the idea that they do not necessarily need to get married when they're older. This is jeopardising the traditional family. Another reason may be divorce has risen enormously. More and more people are becoming divorced which draws a division between children and their parents. It is statistically proven that divorce/ separation of parents has resulted in children having behaviour problems and being more involved in crime. Maybe it's a cry for help, it is obvious that the child(ren) is emotionally scarred due to the separation of their parents. • Suggest three reasons for increase in the divorce rate. (6 marks) There are many reason why the the increase rate in divorce has risen. The most crucial and common one is money. The stress of finance can make or break a relationship. Money is the most important and talked about thing in society. Therefore...
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...Technology’s Impact on society Humanity has evolved from the essence that separates humans from beasts. The ability to use the mind for reason. Reason is the ability to analyze, create, deduce, and formulate. It is reason that enables human beings to strive to invent; it is through invention that mankind has developed society and created a better world. We could say that technology is the sum total of instrumentally useful culturally-transmissible information. Technology is a word used to collectively describe or portray the advancements, abilities, creations, undertakings, views, and knowledge of a singular group of persons: we as human-kind. When there is talk about the relationships between technology and humanity, it is evident that we have to deal with the interrelations between some very complex phenomena. Technology, science, society or systems of societies, and systems of rights of a universal nature. The discovery and development of a large number of powerful energy sources-coal, petroleum, electricity etc. have enabled humanity to conquer the barriers of nature. All this has facilitates the growth of fast modes of transport, which in turn has transformed the world into a global village. In the “old days”, we used phones for talking to each other. That was it. Not for texting. Not for browsing the web. And not for playing Angry Birds (a nightmare, I know). In the past, technology was a bonus, not a necessity. We did not rely on technology to get from...
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...24765_AUDIT_COMMISSION 8/3/07 09:31 Page 1 www.thetimes100.co.uk Flexible working patterns at the Audit Commission Introduction CURRICULUM TOPICS • Contemporary work patterns • Business activity • Human Resource management • Roles in an organisation Today’s working world is dramatically different from that of the past. Charles Handy in his book The Future of Work (1984), warned that the old patterns of work were breaking down and that new ways of working were on their way. He was right. Handy believed that modern organisations need to be flexible so that they can adapt quickly to the changing pressures that they face. Advances in information and communications technologies have helped many businesses to: i. provide opportunities for the business to become a more inclusive employer through the development of homeworking ii. motivate workers through more flexible work practices. This case study shows how the Audit Commission has developed and implemented flexible work practices to improve its services and meet the changing needs of its staff. The work of the Audit Commission is varied. An ‘audit’ has two main elements. It involves: i. a formal examination of a set of accounts to see if they are true and fair ii. a checking of quality and efficiency. The Audit Commission investigates services in the public sector. The finance for these services comes from taxes and other sources. It ensures that this money is used properly. The range of ...
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...Changing work patterns Introduction Australian work communities are experiencing change. The labour force and industrial relations system is changing. The nature of work and the patterns of Australians' working lives are changing. Many say globalisation is the reason. Some say it is to boost productivity and provide flexibility for workers, employers, and businesses that make up our new economy. These issues are clearly seen when we look at our changing work patterns. See image 1 Structural changes to our work 'Structural change' is an economic explanation for our changing work patterns. It refers to key work and labour force changes in Australia, such as the reduction in full-time work and the increasing economic hardship of lower income workers compared to the increased affluence of higher socioeconomic groups. There has been a decline in full time work from 89 per cent to 69 per cent and rapid growth in services to over 80 per cent. There has been an increase in part-time and casual work; around one in four workers are part-time (due to more flexible workplaces, increased subcontractors, extended trading hours, work and family considerations). The workforce participation of women has increased from 37 to 55 per cent and the number of employed people with a bachelor's degree or higher has increased from 3 to 19 per cent. The proportion of 15 to 24 year olds remaining in our education system has increased from 35 to 54 per cent, partly due to the changing needs of our workplaces...
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