...communication system Common channel types General theme of digital communication engineering Digital comm overview.ppt 1 What is Communications? Physical separation Source of information Intended receiver Voice, text, numerical data Pictures, video Etc. Analog sources of information • Voice, video, are analog continuous time signals • No mapping of analog signal into a discrete alphabet of symbols • Eg. AM, FM etc. Digital sources of information • Text, data files etc. • Source data consists of symbols which are members of a finite discrete set. eg text • Digital source may have originated as an analog signal that was mapped into a discrete set of symbols. eg DVD Digital comm overview.ppt 2 Communications channel Physical separation Source Noise distortion Intended Receiver • Channel is always analog continuous time in nature • Regardless of whether source is analog or digital • Challenge for communications engineer is: – – – that channel resources are limited, power, bandwidth etc. Interference noise in channel Distortion effects Digital comm overview.ppt 3 What is Analog Communications then? Analog source Analog modulator FM, AM etc Communication link Receiver Analog signal demodulator Analog communications analog mapping of analog source directly into analog transmit signal No intermediate mapping into a discrete finite set of symbols Digital comm overview.ppt 4 What is...
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...visitors to sit @ lower level 2. Language barriers: different languages; slang, jargon, and regional accents can interfere with meaning 3. Body language barriers: wrong body language can alienate and distract listeners so much that they won't absorb content of your message 4. Perceptual barriers: perception of you and agenda can interfere with effective communication - explore pos. and neg. perceptions prior to 5. Organizational barriers: built-in barriers to effective communication; unspoken rule, top of organization don't talk to bottom 6. Cultural barriers: how you greet and establish eye contact; handling disagreement; eating business meals; small talk; - inter-cultural comm increasingly pivitol to long term success LO2 - DESCRIBE THE KEY ELEMENTS OF NONVERBAL COMM a) face to face comm 7% of meaning comes from verbal content; 38% tone of voice; 55% body language (facials, gestures, posture) b) nonverbal communication goal = reinforcing meaning of your...
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...Sara Odette Battikh Walt Disney Company Report COMM 387 – Spring 2011 Walt Disney Company Report Note that all information and graphs below are obtained from the websites sited on the reference sheet at the end of the paper. “Creativity continues to be the essence of Disney, even as our businesses expand across borders and media platforms, it is the foundation for almost everything we do, the source of our strength and our success, and the fuel that will power us into the future” - Robert Iger, President and CEO - When we hear the word Disney, what is the first think that comes up in our minds? Most people think about Disney and relate it to magical, exciting and large attractions parks and hotels, and the famous Mickey Mouse. However, they missed to see how big and influential this organization really is. Walt Disney Company is one of the World largest communications organizations. Everyone knows Disney! It is everywhere in our lives, from TV, radio and movies, to parks, clothing, accessories and toys. Owning diverse media markets, Disney has build a tradition of culture and niche by efficiently managing its markets and products, allocating them among different cultures, age groups and preferences. In this report I will be analyzing some of the major managerial decisions within the Company, its influences over the market and the way it has established across the years in our culture. We are now about to discover all the financial numbers, facts, operational...
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...you got for me today? – Scott Lets see…Oh here we are. Apparently the UNSC lost communication with one of their ships. The UNSC Valkyrie. – Kaleb Oh great the Valkyrie? That’s the ship they conduct all those weird experiments on Spartans. – Scott Will you let me finish? They reported a rupture in the hull on the lower deck before they lost contact. So while you’re there can you fix the comms too? – Kaleb Wonderful my first assignment and it’s on the Valkyrie. How far out is it? – Scott Its far enough that you have to take a Saber. Stop bitching; you got a simple hull repair. Just get there and do your job. Ill even leave a channel open for ya, you’ll be done in no time anyhow. – Kaleb Oh my hero – Scott Get going, the quicker you get out the faster you’ll be back. – Kaleb Alright wish me luck – Scott I’ll keep my fingers crossed for ya – Kaleb GOES TO COUNTDOWN Nothing to be nervous about. I’ve done this a dozen times. – Scott He gets in the saber and soars off into space. Hey Kaleb can you hear me? – Scott Yeah I can hear ya loud and clear – Kaleb Hmm, the ships comms must have come online – Scott Maybe the crew fixed it. – Kaleb Yeah, but if they did fix it…where are they? – Scott What do you mean? – Kaleb The flight deck its completely deserted – Scott I’ll try and contact the Captain. I’m gonna send you coordinates to you nav so you can find the hull break – Kaleb Alright I got’em. I’ll contact you when im finished –...
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...Mass Comm Final Paper Mass communication is typically recognized as the process of producing and distributing information, ideas, opinions, values and entertainment from a single, but regularly difficult, organization or source, through print or electronic channels, to large numbers of people. Mass communication channels or media include newspapers, magazines, books, radio, television, film, sound recordings and the Internet. Over the past four centuries mass communication has gained in importance and influence. It is an essential building block in the construction of human culture and civilization. Communication is essential for nourishing and transmitting culture, sharing knowledge, entertaining, envisioning futures, and motivating action. From the emergence of our earliest ancestor Australopithecus Africanus about five million years ago in Africa, the human species has used its ability to communicate to survive in harsh environments and populate planet Earth. The ability to communicate facilitated the sharing of information on food sources, contributed to the security of the species, and provided tools for articulating relationships between and among different groups of humans. Archeologists and anthropologists have concluded that the development of signs, signals and speech among proto-humans and early humans was in response to the need to store memory and distribute knowledge – a prerequisite for the survival of the species. Communication is essential to social and political...
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...IS FO TR R IB L U IM TI IT O E N D O N LY D Choosing the Channels of Communication A Review of Media Resources for 11 Countries in the Western Pacific Region This document is part of a continuing project of the Tobacco Free-Initiative and the Health Promotion Unit, World Health Organization, Western Pacific Regional Office. Tobacco-Free Initiative & Health Promotion Unit World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific P Box 2932, 1000 Manila, Philippines .O. Tel: (632) 528-8001 Fax: (632) 521 1036 http://www.wpro.who.int Choosing the Channels of Communication Choosing the Channels of Communication A Review of Media Resources for 11 Countries in the Western Pacific Region Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 1 Key elements in choosing the channels of communication ................................................ 2 Cambodia Summary of media resources ...................................................................................................... 8 Media directory ............................................................................................................................ 10 China Summary of media resources ........................................................................................................ 18 Media directory .........................................................................................
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...Anja 2013). Nowadays, organizations realized that talents are scarce and recruiting the best talents will serve as a competitive advantage over competitors (Love & Singh 2011). Practicing employer branding is a must for organization to establish the favorable and desirable organizational image and identity, in order to attract and hire the best talent (Polyhart 2006; Sivertzen, Nilsen & Anja 2013). According to the Senior Manager of Recruitment, Baboo (2014, pers. comm. 15 May), Deloitte Malaysia had divided the employer branding process into 3 parts, which is attraction, acquisition and integration. In the attraction part, the organization had developed various strategies and executed relevant steps to differentiate them from other competitors. The most significant strategy is the advertisement ‘What’s your Deloitte’ (Appendix C1). Based on a research by ACRA (2012), 65% of audit staffs surveyed indicated that they intend to leave their current audit firm within 3 years. Baboo (2014, pers. comm. 15...
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...Market - the place where offer and demand meet. Marketing - set of actions used by organizations to influence public behaviour they depend on. The value of a product is linked to consumer perception: the consumer believes he will get an experience that is worth the money. Perceived value -> Experience -> Satisfaction -> Preference Understand the market –> Adapt to the market -> Better influence the market Types of Market: Company, Reference, Generic, Induced (print ink), Captive (limited competition) Market Analysis: Size of the market, Demand analysis, Competitor Analysis, Environment Analysis (political, economic, social, technological), SWOT Consumer behavior is made of i) consumer needs and expectations, ii) consumer purchasing process. Knowing consumers’ needs and expectations is the best way to successfully market products (demand and supply meet). Knowing the purchasing process they follow and the way they make choices in a given situation is the best way to make them purchase a product. Variables that influence purchasing process: * Risk analysis (financial, psychological, physical, functional) * Implication: importance given by consumer to the purchasing decision * Experience: is consumer used to buying this product * Situation/environment Purchasing Process: Problem Identification ->Information Research ->Evaluation-> Decision Most of the markets are heterogeneous: expectations and behaviours of...
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...SMash: Secure Component Model for Cross-Domain Mashups on Unmodified Browsers Frederik De Keukelaere, Sumeer Bhola, Michael Steiner, Suresh Chari, Sachiko Yoshihama {eb41704, sachikoy}@jp.ibm.com, {sbhola, msteiner, schari}@us.ibm.com IBM Tokyo Research Laboratory, Kanagawa, Japan; IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, New York, USA ABSTRACT Mashup applications mix and merge content (data and code) from multiple content providers in a user’s browser, to provide high-value web applications that can rival the user experience provided by desktop applications. Current browser security models were not designed to support such applications and they are therefore implemented with insecure workarounds. In this paper, we present a secure component model, where components are provided by different trust domains, and can interact using a communication abstraction that allows ease of specification of a security policy. We have developed an implementation of this model that works currently in all major browsers, and addresses challenges of communication integrity and frame-phishing. An evaluation of the performance of our implementation shows that this approach is not just feasible but also practical. The technology discussed in this paper allows mutually mistrusting client-side components to communicate safely without any modifications to current browsers, and hence has the potential to achieve immediate and widespread adoption. Categories and Subject Descriptors: D.2.0 [General]: Protection...
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...LOAD-SHEDDING GUIDE The Electricity Company of Ghana Limited wishes to inform its cherished customers that due to generation challenges it has become necessary to publish this load shedding guide. Customers may also access this load shedding guide on our website – www.ecggh.com TUESDAY 23rd Sept, 2014 WEDNESDAY 24th Sept, 2014 THURSDAY Y 25th Sept, 2014 FRIDAY 26th Sept, 2014 SATURDAY 27th Sept, 2014 SUNDAY 28th Sept, 2014 MONDAY 29th Sept, 2014 DAY 6AM TO 8PM NIGHT 6PM TO 6AM A, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 C, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 TUESDAY 30th Sept, 2014 B, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6 A, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 WEDNESDAY 01st Oct, 2014 C, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 B, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6 THURSDAY 02nd Oct, 2014 A, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 C, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 FRIDAY 03rd Oct, 2014 B, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6 A, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 SATURDAY 04th Oct,2014 C, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 B, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6 SUNDAY 05th Oct, 2014 A, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 C, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 MONDAY 06th Oct, 2014 DAY 6AM TO 8PM B, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6 A, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 TUESDAY 07th Oct, 2014 NIGHT 6PM TO 6AM C, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 B, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6 WEDNESDAY 08th Oct, 2014 A, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 C, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 THURSDAY 09th Oct, 2014 B, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6 A, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 FRIDAY 10th Oct, 2014 C, C1, C2, C3 C4, C5, C6 B, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6 SATURDAY 11th Oct, 2014 A, A1, A2...
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... Threat of New Entrants: Can put pressure on a business to lower prices in order to maintain sales. Alternatively, it could put pressure on a business to improve quality or invest heavily in promotion, all of which increase costs, which reduces profit margins. Barriers to entry need to be high to deter new entrants. -barriers to entry are obstacles that a business may face when trying to enter a new market. They include: -difficulty in gaining economies of scale to match the unit costs of those already in the market. -the need to invest heavily in promotion, due to existing high brand identification. -high start up costs and therefore capital requirements. Eg manufacturing industries. -difficulty accessing distribution channels. -restrictive government policy i.e. policy that limits entry into a given market, or pushes up costs, such as licensing requirements and stringent health, safety and environmental legislation. New entrants diversifying from another market may be a significant threat - as they can use their existing expertise and experience, cash flow, and brand identity to their advantage. The Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Powerful suppliers may be able to...
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...context of technology can impact business strategies in conjunction with the organizational plan. 1. What was your final Score? How do you feel about that score? Did you go back and try a question again if you got it wrong? Which role did you like best? My final score is 890 points and I effectively attained the score and I feel good about them. I comfortably attained the score after failing once and repeated to attain the correct answer of 88 points. The role that I liked best was the post paid revenue (SUM). The figures accrued in 2010 were 7,601,640.2 and those for 2011 was 10,090,957.89. This helps to effectively express the customer usage analytic. 2. How can Rapid Comm. use this system to support new products and services that meet the needs of their customers? (b) Can Rapid Comm. use that knowledge to survive hyper competitive market places? The rapid communication uses the age analysis to generate the revenue in the context that seeks to employ and examines which age group generates the most revenue. In this context it brings the general overview of which group partakes in the contributing the most markets for their products. In this context it helps the company to it brings and package the products in the most admirable way to the customers. The company can use the knowledge to effectively achieve the competitive power and explore the market effectively in the course of a strong hyper competitive market. This is through...
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...costs • Distribution has been around 20% of operating costs • Airlines wishing to have more direct contact with their clients • Technology has provided the possibility of a direct channel between the airline and its customers • Disintermediation - as airlines doubt the ability of agents to influence customers’ choice • GDSs fees • Large corporates are more professional in the way they purchase travel products Star Alliance Carriers collective spend over USD $11bn on distribution Description Total Mainline reservations, sales, advertising and promotional cost, by category 2004 est. 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Sources: Form 41 4Q03, Star Alliance Cost Q3 03 8% 2% 2% 7% 18% Advertising & Promotions 20% Media Personnel Loyalty Programs Other CRS / GDS Fees Other Reservations & Sales 60% Credit Card Fees 18% Salesforce /Reservations Benefits Management & staff 5% 6% 3% 8% 19% 1% Cargo Comm. 1% Other Pax Comm. 19% Passenger commissions Cargo commissions The distribution value chain • Airlines spend $5bn per annum on GDS fees • Cost as % of ticket prices • GDS 8 - 11% • Travel Agency 1 - 2% • Mercantile fee 2 - 3% Source: UATP(Universal Air Travel Plan), Airline Business July 2005 and July 2006 Airline Distribution Channels • Direct • • • • Sales offices Call centres Website Corporate travel website • Indirect • • Traditional travel agents On-line travel agents o Travelocity, Expedia, Priceline...
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...Managerial Communications according to Hynes is a strategic three layer approach to communication that managers and employees alike can use to and incorporate in order to create an efficient and effective work environment. Hynes separate’s the managerial communication process into three distinct layers in order to form a total approach to how the process should be incorporated. The first layer is based on trust and open communication. By incorporating both climate and communication in the first layer Hynes allows us to see that in order to build a positive work environment there must be trust between the employee and employer. Trust allows employees to build a stronger foundation with their employers and thus improves work performance. At the same time in order for the employee to gain trust in their manager it requires that those managers use correct communication skills to speak to their employees. Open and accessible environments lend to allow for better overall communication in the workplace. Take for example, two employees and their relationship with their manager. Employee John has a friendly relationship outside of work with his manager, he has built a foundation of trust and communication with his manager on a personal and professional level. The second employee Joe only communicates with his manager at work and has also built a professional relationship with his manager. While both employees has a foundation of trust with their manager John may feel he has a closer...
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...Inside General Motors: Communicating through the crisis By Marc Wright http://www.simply-communicate.com/case-studies/internal-communication/inside-general-motors-communicating-through-crisis Katie McBride had the hottest seat in internal communications last year as car giant General Motors filed for Chapter 11 in one of the most dramatic melt-downs of the economic crisis. She came to the IABC World Conference to a sell-out session where she relived her experiences of the last 12 months. This was no small deal – General Motors was – and still is – one of the world’s leading automakers. From its global headquarters in Detroit it directs business in 157 countries around the world, employing some 205,000 people. The company produces cars and trucks in 31 countries, including the US, China, Brazil, Germany, the UK, Canada and Italy selling such brands as Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, FAW, GMC, Daewoo, Holden, Jiefang, Opel, Vauxhall and Wuling. McBride has now moved onto other roles at GM but as Head of Employee Communications back in 2009 she drove through a three part strategy. “Our aim was to keep leaders visible and accessible to instill confidence in their direction and the company’s future through open, honest communication that involved the entire leadership team and not just the CEO. Secondly we wanted to reach our whole audience globally in a way that was meaningful and relevant and thirdly use employees as ambassadors for our products.” The first part...
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