...A Simple Hydrothermal Route to Large-Scale Synthesis of Uniform Silver Nanowires Zhenghua Wang,[b] Jianwei Liu,[b] Xiangying Chen,[b] Junxi Wan,[b] and Yitai Qian*[a, b] Abstract: This paper describes the preparation of uniform silver nanowires by reducing freshly prepared silver chloride with glucose at 180 8C for 18 hours in the absence of any surfactants or polymers. Scanning electron microscopy studies indicated that the silver nanowires are about 100 nm in diameter and up to 500 mm in length. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses showed that the Keywords: green chemistry · hydrothermal synthesis · nanostructures · nanowires · silver Introduction One-dimensional nanostructures of metals have attracted much interest due to their potential applications in fabricating nanoscale electronic, optoelectronic, and magnetic devices, which also provide an ideal model system to experimentally investigate physical phenomena, such as quantized conductance and size effects.[1–6] Among all metals, silver nanowires are particularly interesting to fabricate and study because bulk silver exhibits the highest electrical and thermal conductivity among all metals, and the performance of silver in many applications could be potentially enhanced by processing silver into one-dimensional nanostructures. Much effort has been devoted to the syntheses of silver nanowires, such as electrochemical techniques,[7–9] templates (i.e., mesoporous silica[10, 11] and carbon nanotubes[12...
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...www.afm-journal.de www.MaterialsViews.com FULL PAPER A Core-Shell Nanoporous Pt-Cu Catalyst with Tunable Composition and High Catalytic Activity Xingbo Ge, Luyang Chen, Jianli Kang, Takeshi Fujita, Akihiko Hirata, Wei Zhang, Jianhua Jiang, and Mingwei Chen* Pt catalyst loading.[1] It has been found that alloying Pt with transition metals (such as Ni, Co, Rh, Fe, etc) can effectively decrease the Pt loading by enhancing both the catalytic activity and utilization of Pt.[2–15] Experimental and theoretical investigations have suggested that Ptbased bimetallic catalysts with a thin Ptskin surface (even a Pt monolayer[16]) and a Pt-M (M = Ni, Co, Fe, etc.) core is an ideal structure for ORR because the modification of the d-band center of surface Pt atoms, caused by the underneath alloying effect, can enhance the catalysis.[17,18] Dealloying has been proved to be an effective approach for fabricating the core-shell structured bimetallic catalysts in the form of nanoparticles because the selective etching can remove the less-noble transition metals and naturally form a Pt passivated surface.[19–22] Compared to extensive studies of Pt-Ni,[13–15] Pt-Co,[6,12] Pt-Fe[9] bimetallic catalysts, the Pt-Cu system has not been paid too much attention, particularly, for the application as an advanced catalyst for ORR. Machado et al. first studied the ORR activity of Pt with sub-monolayer Cu ad-atoms on surface. The Cu ad-atoms were found to show a strong inhibition on ORR of Pt in acid media...
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...These experiments do not require a great deal of materials and are not for highly skilled chemists. The basic principles of the physics of color are often taught in high school chemistry and physics classes around the country. Unfortunately, many of these spectrophotometric experiments use harmful solvents to dissolve very small quantities of solute in order to produce a solution with the proper concentration to be analyzed by a colorimeter. Most high schools do not have the ability to dispose of organic waste, and creating a solution of a specific concentration for high school students would likely distract them from the intended task. The proposed colorimetry experiment requires only colored crêpe paper and distilled water in order to prepare solution to analyze. The paper is very inexpensive and the water-soluble dye is non-toxic and can therefore be easily disposed of. Three basic experiments can be run with these materials and the colorimeter we built in lab: the exploration of spectral characteristics of different color solutions, create a calibration curve and explore Beer’s law, and finally explore simultaneous...
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...Austin Peay State University Department of Chemistry CHEM 1021 PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF A SOAP (adapted from Blackburn et al., Laboratory Manual to Accompany World of Chemistry, 2nd ed., (1996) Saunders College Publishing: Fort Worth) Purpose: To prepare a sample of soap and to examine its properties. Caution: Sodium hydroxide solution is extremely harmful to the skin and clothing. It is especially harmful to the eyes. Wear safety goggles. Any sodium hydroxide spilled on the skin should be washed off immediately with large quantities of water. Kerosene and ethanol are both flammable. Care should be taken when using these chemicals around flames. Introduction: A soap is the sodium or potassium salt of a long‐chain fatty acid. Most solid soaps are sodium salts of the type to be made in this experiment. The starting materials are fats or oils, which are the glycerol esters of the fatty acids. A typical cooking oil, cottonseed oil, and a concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide are the principal reactants. Ethanol is used in this experiment to serve as a common solvent for the reactants and hence speed up the reaction. The soap‐making reaction is called saponification. However, the saponification reaction is not used in the commercial soap‐making operations of today. The sodium salts of the long‐chain fatty acids are typical surface‐active agents. They have a polar end which is hydrophilic (water loving) and a long nonpolar chain which is hydrophobic (watr hating)...
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...Review Paper Inulin - a versatile polysaccharide with multiple pharmaceutical and food chemical uses. Thomas Barclaya, Milena Ginic-Markovica, Peter Cooperb,c, Nikolai Petrovskyc,d a Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia 5042 Cancer Research Laboratory, ANU Medical School at the Canberra Hospital, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia 2605 c Vaxine Pty Ltd, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide Australia 5042 d Department of Endocrinology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia 5042 b Received: 27 August 2010 Accepted: 10 October 2010 ABSTRACT á-D-glucopyranosyl-[â-D-fructofuranosyl](n-1)-D-fructofuranoside, commonly referred to as inulin, is a natural plant-derived polysaccharide with a diverse range of food and pharmaceutical applications. It is used by the food industry as a soluble dietary fibre and fat or sugar replacement, and in the pharmaceutical industry as a stabiliser and excipient. It can also be used as a precursor in the synthesis of a wide range of compounds. New uses for inulin are constantly being discovered, with recent research into its use for slow-release drug delivery. Inulin, when in a particulate form, possesses anti-cancer and immune enhancing properties. Given its increasing importance to industry, this review explains how inulin's unique physico-chemical properties bestow it with many useful pharmaceutical applications. KEY WORDS: Inulin, polysaccharide, fructose, excipient, vaccine, adjuvant INTRODUCTION ...
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...Chemistry David Harvey DePauw University Boston Burr Ridge, IL Dubuque, IA Madison, WI New York San Francisco St. Louis Bangkok Bogotá Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi Seoul Singapore Sydney Taipei Toronto McGraw-Hill Higher Education A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies MODERN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Copyright © 2000 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 KGP/KGP 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ISBN 0–07–237547–7 Vice president and editorial director: Kevin T. Kane Publisher: James M. Smith Sponsoring editor: Kent A. Peterson Editorial assistant: Jennifer L. Bensink Developmental editor: Shirley R. Oberbroeckling Senior marketing manager: Martin J. Lange Senior project manager: Jayne Klein Production supervisor: Laura Fuller Coordinator of freelance design: Michelle D. Whitaker Senior photo research coordinator: Lori Hancock Senior supplement coordinator: Audrey A. Reiter Compositor: Shepherd, Inc. Typeface: 10/12 Minion Printer: Quebecor Printing Book Group/Kingsport Freelance cover/interior designer: Elise Lansdon Cover image: © George Diebold/The Stock Market Photo research:...
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... 785 Composition of oils extracted from potato chips by supercritical fluid extraction* To determine effects of two extraction procedures on oil compositions, tocopherols, monoacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, triacylglycerol, free fatty acids, polymers and polar components were determined in oils after extraction from potato chips by either supercritical carbon dioxide or hexane. Potato chips were fried in cottonseed oil or low linolenic acid soybean oil and sampled after 1, 10 and 20 h of oil use. Both extraction methods recovered comparable amounts of oil from the potato chips. Compositions of triacylglycerol and non-triacylglycerol components including tocopherols, monomer, polymer, monoacylglycerol, diacylglycerol were similar for samples of chips fried in either oil except for the δ-tocopherol data for potato chips fried in the low linolenic acid soybean oil used for 10 h of frying. There were some differences between the composition of low linolenic acid soybean oil extracted from the potato chips compared to the fryer oil at the 20 h sampling time. These results showed that the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction gave similar results to hexane extraction in yield and composition of oils from potato chips. Keywords: Supercritical fluid extraction, oil composition, tocopherols, cottonseed oil, low linolenic soybean oil, frying, fried food. National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Department of Agriculture, Peoria, USA 1 Introduction There have been...
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...forensics Forensics means to work in investigating a scene of a crime to study how a deceased person died ,or how they were murdered or to see if it was a homicide, suicide, manslaughter or , so they can find traces for leads on who or what committed a crime. Any little detail can have traces of blood ,or even fingerprints if any evidence is found, it would be sent to a lab to be tested on to find results of what clues they find to try and find a lead. There are tools ,and chemicals that are used in a lab to help them find leads in an investigation. They also have Chem labs to identify drugs or other substances. The main job for...
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...Molecules 2014, 19, 6524-6533; doi:10.3390/molecules19056524 OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules Communication A Simple Hydrophilic Palladium(II) Complex as a Highly Efficient Catalyst for Room Temperature Aerobic Suzuki Coupling Reactions in Aqueous Media Mengping Guo 1,2,*, Shiwen Liu 1,2, Xiuling Zhou 1, Meiyun Lv 1, Sanbao Chen 1 and Daoan Xiao 1 1 2 Institue of Coordination Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Bio-Engineering, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China; E-Mails: liushiwen320721@163.com (S.L.); 13879593114@163.com (X.Z.); lvmeiyun2005@163.com (M.L.); 333csb@163.com (S.C.); xiaodaoan2006@163.com (D.X.) Engineering Center of Jiangxi University for Lithium Energy, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: guomengping65@163.com; Tel./Fax: +86-0795-320-0535. Received: 8 April 2014; in revised form: 19 May 2014 / Accepted: 19 May 2014 / Published: 21 May 2014 Abstract: A study on room temperature Suzuki cross-coupling in an aqueous medium was carried out using a simple hydrophilic palladium (II) complex, trans-PdCl2(NH2CH2COOH)2 as catalyst in the presence of K2CO3 in air. This approach with a comparatively inexpensive and hydrophilic catalyst, mild reaction condition and aqueous media exhibits excellent catalytic activity towards the Suzuki coupling of aryl bromides and arylboronic acids, and good yields were obtained in the Suzuki coupling of activated aryl chlorides....
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...Austin Neely August 31st, 2015 Experiment #01 The Determination of the Percent of Water in a Compound CHEM 1315‐ 025 Purpose of the Experiment & Techniques: The purpose of this experiment is to determine the percent of water in a hygroscopic compound. This will be done by boiling off the water only leaving the other element of the hygroscopic compound. When water molecules bond with the structure of solid substances this creates an ionic compound. By heating the compound, it is possible to release that water (known as water of hydration) and determine the amount of water the ionic compound is able to hold. By the law of conservation of mass when the compound is heated the water just doesn’t disappear which means...
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...of the samples and sampling 8 Analysis 8 Results and Discussion 9 Conclusion 13 References 14 Altitude and Seasonally Profiled Air Concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) Determined with PDMS (TWISTER®) in Taurus Mountains, Turkey Introduction To monitor environmental pollution and its health effects, atmospheric data of persistent organic pollutants (POP) has been collected for some time to help in evaluating the cause. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) have been in focus of attention for years. In 1982, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) come forth with a thorough study on the emissions and health effects of benzo (a) pyrene and other PAHs (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1982). According to the report, the carcinogenetic effect of benzo (a) pyrene was already proven and other PAHs were suspected to have similar effects. The US EPA categorized these PAHs and selected 16 compounds that were found and monitored to prove the claims. They are were named as the sixteen EPA-PAHs. The emission sources for these compounds that were presented in the study as having an anthropogenic origin. Following this, the European Commission issued a position paper on monitoring PAHs in the air (European Commission, 2001). The effort has been of great importance since PAHs are by-products of nearly every combustion. The strategy have also improved the air quality requirement for the European Union. These standards set by the paper have...
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...QUALITY OF TOMATO FERTI LIZED WITH NITROGEN AND PHOSPHOROUS Abstract The influence of different levels of nitrogen (N1, N2), phosphorous (P1, P2) and N+P (N1P1, N1P2, N2P1, N2P2) mixed fertilizers was investigated on volatile substances, soluble sugars, organic acids, titratable acidity, dry matter and lycopene of “Corbarino” cherry-like tomatoes. The flavor volatiles reached the highest concentrations in red-ripe cherry-like tomatoes treated with N1. Glucose, fructose, dry matter and titratable acidity increased only in N+P fertilized samples. Among the organic acids, citric increased, malic decreased and oxalic was constant in all the fertilized samples. Lycopene reached the highest values in N2 and N2P2 samples. INTRODUCTION Tomato, a key vegetable in the Italian Mediterranean diet, has recently gaining been attention in relation to the prevention of some human diseases. This interest is due to the presence of carotenoids and particularly lycopene, which is an unsaturated alkylic compound that appears to be an active compound in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular risk and in slowing down cellular aging, owing to its high antioxidant and antiradical power (GERSTER 1997; GIOVANNUCCI et al. 1995). Lycopene is found in fresh, redripe tomatoes as all-trans (79-91%) and cis- (9-21%) isomers (STAHH and SIES, 1992; SHI et al. 1999; BOILEAU et al. 2002). Lycopene and vitamins give a measure of the nutraceutical quality, while flavour volatiles, soluble sugars,...
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...Comparative Fat Analysis of Different Drinks Available in Good Samaritan’s Cafeteria A Project Paper submitted to the Course Subject Analytical Chemistry (Chem II) College of Allied Health Professions Good Samaritan Colleges In Partial Fulfillment Of the Course Subject Requirements for the Degree Bachelor Medical Laboratory Science by Bulandan. Rosebelle Ann T. Hernandez, Angelica Q. Linsangan, Ma. Cristina Palon, Kristine B. Pascual, Katrina Paula P. Taruc, Kenneth Mae A. 2016 Review of Related Literature Nutrition, nourishment, or aliment, is the supply of materials - food - required by organisms and cells to stay alive. In science and human medicine, nutrition is the science or practice of consuming and utilizing foods. Eating too much fat can increase the risk for a number of health threats. Fat contains 9 calories per gram. That means fat packs more than twice as many calories as carbohydrates and protein, which both have 4 calories per gram. The body needs fat to survive, but it’s wise to eat this important nutrient in moderation. (Mehmetz, O. 2010) Milk fat has the most complex fatty acid composition of the edible fats. Milk products contain up to 16 nutrients that are essential for health. Calcium, vitamin D and protein are some of the nutrients in milk products that keep the body functioning properly and could help reduce the risk of certain diseases. (DairyNutrition. Consulted 2010.) Cultured Milk Cultured Milk is a probiotic dairy product made by fermenting a...
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...Available online at http://ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 6(2): 782-791, April 2012 ISSN 1991-8631 Original Paper http://indexmedicus.afro.who.int Purification and partial characterization of laccase from Lachnocladium sp. P. A. WUYEP1, O. N. UME 2, M. T. BAKARE-ODUNOLA 2*, A. J. NOK 3, H. M. INUWA 3 and N. B. AFOLABI-BALOGUN 4 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. 3 Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. 4 Center for Biotechnology Research and Traininig. Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. * Corresponding author, E-mail: mojitaibat@yahoo.com; Tel.:+2348035896043 1 ABSTRACT Laccase, a multicopper oxidase that catalyzes the oxidation of various aromatics, particularly phenolic substrates, e.g. hydroquinones guaiacol, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol or phenylene diamine, was purified and partially characterised from culture filtrates of a white rot fungus, Lachnocladium sp. This enzyme was purified by anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Laccase activity was determined using ABTS (2, 2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulphonic acid) substrate. The culture filtrate had maximum laccase activity of 1.62 U/ml after 14 days of incubation. The purified laccase had an optimum temperature of 50 oC and its optimum pH was 6 for ABTS. The activity of this enzyme was enhanced by...
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...(Trimyristin is an ester formed from glycerol and myristic acid.) - Started with 8 grams of nutmeg but only about 20 percent was actual trimyristin. The rest is made of many different ingredients. -Actual start of trimyristin in the Nutmeg was 1.6 grams and we extracted .320 grams of the Trimyristin. -As a result, the percent Recovery of trimyristin from nutmeg was 20 percent. -Melting Point was 52.3 degrees Celsius of the substance we isolated (trimyristin) -When measuring the melting point of the trimyristin we took three temperatures and averaged them (51.3 degrees Celsius, 52.2 degrees Celsius, 53.4 degrees Celsius) Discussion: a.) Questions: 1. After recovering our sample of trimyristin, we tested to see what the melting point of our product would be. According to chem-info.com, the melting point for trimyristin is between 56 and 57 degrees Celsius. However, our product melted at a temperature of about 52.3 degrees Celsius, which is five degrees lower than the expected melting point of trimyristin. One of the reasons why our trimyristin melted at a lower temperature than expected may be to the fact that our extracted product was not in the purest form it could be in. The trimyristin we extracted from the nutmeg may have had some impurities which may have lowered the melting point temperature to 52.3 degrees Celsius. 2. Our experimentally determined melting point range for our...
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