...Green chemistry, also called sustainable chemistry, is a philosophy of chemical research and engineering that encourages the design of products and processes that minimize the use and generation of hazardous substances. Whereas environmental chemistry is the chemistry of the natural environment and of pollutant chemicals in nature, green chemistry seeks to reduce the negative impact of chemistry on environment by preventing pollution at its source and using fewer natural resources. As a chemical philosophy, green chemistry applies to organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, biochemistry, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry and even chemical engineering. While green chemistry seems to focus on industrial applications, it does apply to any chemistry choice. Click chemistry is cited as a style of chemical synthesis that is consistent with the goals of green chemistry. The focus is on minimizing the hazard and maximizing the efficiency of any chemical choice. In 2005 three key developments in green chemistry were identified: use of superficial carbon dioxide as green solvent, aqueous hydrogen peroxide for clean oxidations and the use of hydrogen in asymmetric synthesis. Examples of applied green chemistry are supercritical water oxidation, on water reactions and dry media reactions. Bioengineering is also seen as a promising technique for achieving green chemistry goals. A number of important process chemicals can be synthesized in engineered organisms, such as shikimate, a Tamiflu...
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...Different types of laboratories The work that is being carried out in a laboratory will influence the type of equipment that is used there. Most laboratories will have several large pieces of equipment, numerous smaller pieces and several computers linked in. The storage required will vary with specialist facilities for radioactive, flammable and toxic materials. Chemistry laboratories Chemistry laboratories tend to break down into the following generic spaces: organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry and analytical chemistry. Biosciences (biology) Laboratories These laboratories, sometimes also called life sciences laboratories, serve as work spaces for a host of special research interests reflecting the investigators' research direction. They are distinguished by the support space that is required for each laboratory or group of laboratories. Fume hoods, as well as biosafety cabinets and laminar flow hoods, are used in all areas of bioscience research. Storage for chemicals (solvents and acids) must be provided in accordance with applicable codes. Physical Sciences Laboratories Physical science laboratories are distinguished from other types of laboratories in a number of ways. First, there is only a small amount of built-in furniture. Second, there is abundance and a variety of electrical power. This, of course, is due to the fact that in most physical sciences research labs the floor space is occupied by an array of apparatus and instrumentation...
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...become embedded in digestive tract. To comply with OSHA standard 29 CFR 1926.1101, the workers need to know the PEL, they need to assess the workplace, and monitoring needs to take place. No smoking, eating, or drinking may occur at the renovation site, and proper PPE must be provided and used to prevent asbestos exposure. The workers will be required to take breaks and eat away from the renovation area. They will also be required to decontaminate with proper hygiene practices in a separate location away from the renovation area. The workers at the site will be adequately trained about asbestos exposure and hazards(Occupational Safety & Health Administration,n.d.). I would handle the rest of the departments in the following order: chemistry department, automotive department, physics department, biology department, math department, English department. 3. Asbestos exposure is one of the hazards in the automotive department. People that work with asbestos brake linings and clutch pads need to learn the OSHA regulations contained in 29 CFR 1910.1001. The employees have to monitored frequently. After the initial determination, monitoring shall not exceed six month...
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...grounding these tanks would protect them from lightning strikes and static electricity (Meyer, 2010). Experts also recommended storing only noncombustible materials in tanks that were painted with products that contained aluminum powder because aluminum powder is a pyrophoric material. By insuring only noncombustible materials are stored in these tanks would significantly cut down on the already dangerous situation. Paint with aluminum powder already adds a significant risk of fire and/or explosion; with an ignition source and stored combustibles would only add to an already dangerous situation (Meyer, 2010). The installation of an automatic sprinkling system are recommended in machine shops that use lathes to fabricate titanium parts. Titanium in bulk for is not hazardous but when you use a lathe to the shape titanium it becomes finely divided and will pose a dangerous risk of fire and/or explosion (Meyer, 2010). This dangerous process can occur because finely divided titanium reacts with atmospheric moisture and can self-ignite (Meyer, 2010). The use of automatic sprinkler systems can quickly supply a great amount of water to the burning metal to keep the spread of fire to the room of origin rather than giving it time to spread throughout the entire facility (Meyer, 2010). Reference: Meyer, E. (2010). Chemistry of hazardous materials (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. 12) When relatively small amounts of magnesium burn, the fires are extinguished using commercially...
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...Chemical Inventory Management System David Acker Auburn University Risk management and Safety Abstract Managing chemical inventories at colleges and universities is one of today’s major challenges for higher education. This is especially true for large, diverse, research-oriented institutions like Auburn University. Knowing what chemicals are on site, their hazard potential, who is responsible for them, and where they are located is essential to maintaining a safe campus. Additionally, Federal and State regulations dealing with hazardous waste, chemical security, and emergency preparedness have become more stringent in recent years, requiring greater accountability from colleges and universities. These safety and regulatory compliance imperatives, along with issues of environmental sustainability and cost containment, drive the need for effective chemical inventory management in the university environment. In order to achieve effective chemical inventory management at Auburn University, Risk Management and Safety (RMS) has implemented a Chemical Inventory Management System (CIMS). The technological core of the CIMS is a chemical tracking database that provides realtime, discreet (to the individual container) monitoring of chemical inventories. The database has the capacity to accurately link the chemical container to hazard data, location, user, and acquisition date. Personnel, equipment, and budgetary resources were required to support the implementation phase, and ongoing...
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...Importance of Chemistry in Daily Life Most people have chosen to write their essay about how chemistry has played an important role in everyday life. I have chosen to ask, how doesn't it play a role in everyday life? The simple fact is that chemistry plays an important role in every person's daily activities from the moment we're born. So what role does chemistry really play in everyday life? Well, this involvement usually begins first thing each morning. Most people wake up to an alarm or radio. These common household items contain batteries, which make them very chemically dependent. These batteries contain positive and negative electrodes. The positive electrode consists of a carbon rod surrounded by a mixture of carbon and manganese dioxide. The negative electrode is made of zinc. Chemistry plays an important role in the discovery and understanding of materials contained in these and many other common household items. Things like household cleaners and water purification systems are vitally dependent on chemistry. Without chemistry something as simple as scrubbing a toilet without fear of severe burns or small explosions might not be possible. Next, though it isn?t widely known, chemistry is also heavily involved with the manufacturing of things such as makeup and soap. Each time you bathe you are witnessing chemistry at work. Chemicals such as cetyl alcohol and propylene glycol are typical ingredients in the soap used to wash your hair and skin. Without chemistry, these materials...
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...(name withheld) November 13, 2014 Prof. (name withheld) LABORATORY EXERCISE ON GREEN CHEMISTRY Although not as much as in the past, pollution still continues to impact our environment negatively. The formation of the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990’s goal to clean and fix the problems caused by pollution and later started the green chemistry movement. The aim of this movement is to prevent pollution from the start rather than fix it later or even dealing with the disposal and clean up. Industrial power plants for example are polluting the air with toxic smog. China is one such example facing this very problem which created too much air pollution that their city is covered in smog. The situation is so dire the citizens live in an environment where one cannot walk out their door without the use of a face mask. They are now in a situation where they are trying to come up with solutions to solve the issues they are currently facing. Had they practiced any form of green chemistry, this could situation would have never happened in the first place. Such a situation is the reason why we should strive to further advance the science of green chemistry. If everyone start using and putting some if not all of the 12 principles of green chemistry into practice, less hazardous material or safer industrial process should circulate more easily. If air pollution is itself can be prevented, the people wouldn’t have to worry about the dangers of breathing toxic air every time they...
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...Braungart Design Chemistry (MBDC) Cradle to Cradle Design Protocol, which evaluates new product designs in three key areas: • • • Material Chemistry -- What chemicals are in the materials we specify, and are they the safest available? Disassembly -- Can we take products apart at the end of their useful life to recycle their materials? Recyclability -- Do the materials contain recycled content, and more importantly, can the materials be recycled at the end of the product's useful life? Herman Miller’s commitment to DfE includes requiring all new products be evaluated within the MBDC Protocol. Material Chemistry Assessment When Herman Miller launched its DfE program, the challenges for the DfE team were substantial: Learn how to use and integrate the MBDC protocol into the launch of new products, modify MBDC’s protocol to meet the needs and unique circumstances of Herman Miller, gather the data necessary to meet material evaluation criteria as required by MBDC’s material health protocol, gain acceptance from product development teams for design process changes, and complete all this work on a schedule that would not delay the launch of products. A core component of the MBDC cradle-to-cradle method is its materials assessment protocol, which evaluates the hazards posed by the chemical constituents of materials. All chemical constituents of a material, down to 100 parts per million, are included in the assessment. The goal is to select materials that are based...
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...the scene of the incident, and detect the presence of the hazardous materials and quantity. Next I would isolate the area that the spill has occurred. By isolating the area were the spill has occurred this would keep employees out of harms way. Alert all the personnel and other workers that are working in the plant and evacuate them to a safer location away from the plant. After I have evacuated the plant personnel I would the call my supervisor and apprise with my information of the plant. My next procedure would be to call the fire department the police and the Environment Health and Safety Specialist to report the incident and request medical assistance as well. My next procedure is to request the Material Safety Data Sheets on the chemical that has been spilled inside the facility. Now that I have located the MSDS I will start looking for these main points: A) Flammability: Flash point and Vapor Pressure, B) Toxicity: PEL, TLV, C) Corrosiveness: PH level, D) Reactivity level to air or water. Next procedure is to have all the machines, shut any doors and HVAC vents if possible. Once I have located the information on the chemical I then proceed to give instruction to my crew on putting on the appropriate PPE for this type of chemical spill. Once the crew have put on their PPE gear there next instructions is to confine the spill. My next instructions to my crew are to have them place absorbent material over the spill making sure the liquid do not spread to any...
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...Physical chemistry is the study of macroscopic, atomic, subatomic, and particulate phenomena in chemical systems in terms of laws and concepts of physics. * Chemical kinetics, also known as reaction kinetics, is the study of rates of chemical processes. Chemical kinetics includes investigations of how different experimental conditions can influence the speed of a chemical reaction and yield information about thereaction's mechanism and transition states, as well as the construction of mathematical models that can describe the characteristics of a chemical reaction. * Chemical physics is a subdiscipline of chemistry and physics that investigates physicochemical phenomena using techniques from atomic and molecular physics and condensed matter physics; it is the branch of physics that studies chemical processes from the point of view of physics. * Electrochemistry is a branch of chemistry that studies chemical reactions which take place in a solution at the interface of an electron conductor (theelectrode: a metal or a semiconductor) and an ionic conductor (the electrolyte). * Femtochemistry is the area of physical chemistry that studies chemical reactions on extremely short timescales, approximately 10–15 seconds (one femtosecond, hence the name). The steps in some reactions occur in the femtosecond timescale and sometimes in attosecond timescales,[1] and will sometimes form intermediate products. * Geochemistry is the science that uses the tools and principles...
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...Title of Paper Name School Chemistry Instructor's Name Feb 01, 2015. Dangers of Aluminum Powdered Tanks and Titanium Machining Shops Experts have suggested that storage tanks that were formerly painted with products containing aluminum powder should be grounded. The aluminum powder was initially mainly meant to reflect heat from these tanks. Furthermore it was also recommended that only non-combustible material should be stored in these tanks since the aluminum powder is a pyrophoric substance. Grounding the storage tanks will help in avoiding development of static charges on the tanks which might cause an ignition of fire especially if combustible material is in the tank. Experts also suggest that grounding them will reduce the chances of a lightning strike. Meyer (2010) argues that if only nonflammable material is stored in these tanks, the risk of fire and explosions will be greatly reduced Every machining or milling shop should have in place a plan for preventing and suppressing fires. Most businesses that close due to fires never reopen. In whole large sizes, titanium is not very dangerous. Lathe machines, during fabrication process, produces very fine grains of titanium. When titanium chips and grains get very hot, hey ignite readily. They pose a danger of fire and explosion to lathe machine operations. Such fires ignited by metals are classified under class D fires. They are considered fatal since the fires are of a high temperature and rapidly react with water...
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...GSK Corporate Responsibility Report 2013 62 Taking a scientific approach to sustainability The sourcing of raw materials and the complex, energyintensive chemical processes involved in transforming them into our products accounts for around half of our value chain carbon footprint. Over the last five years, we have been using innovative technology to reduce environmental impacts associated with manufacturing active pharmaceutical ingredients – the substances in our drugs that treat or prevent illness. Following trials in Jurong, Singapore, teams at the eight facilities where we produce active ingredients are implementing holistic improvement plans which are bringing significant environmental benefits and cost reductions. Infrastructure investments included installing a biogas plant at Irvine, UK, a combined heat and power facility in Worthing, UK, and a photo oxidation system for waste treatment in Singapore. Our site in Cork, Ireland, where we are now bio-treating waste and recovering the energy produced, achieved zero waste to landfill for the third year running in 2013, and has cut water use by 57% and carbon emissions by 41% since 2008. in the world). This innovative process will significantly cut our carbon emissions by reducing cooling requirements, as well as producing less organic waste. Many of the improvements we are making take time to We are also making changes implement. But across all to the chemical processes ...
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...Rowley 268-3856 PhD Civil and Environmental Engineering, Clarkson University, 1983 Research: Coastal environmental hazard assessment and remediation John Dempsey Professor 240B Rowley 268-6517 PhD Engineering, University of Auckland, 1978 Registered Professional Engineer, New York State Teaches: CE 401/501 - Fracture Mechanics of Concrete Structures CE 551 - Theory of Elasticity CE 601 - Fracture Mechanics of Quasi-Brittle Materials ES 100 - Introduction to Engineering Use of the Computer ES 501 - Mechanics of Fracture Research: Fracture of structural and geomaterials, fracture of ice, ice mechanics, scale effects, elasticity, contact mechanics Andrea Ferro Assistant Professor 206 Rowley 268-7649 PhD Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 2002 Teaches: CE 477/577 - Atmospheric Chemistry CE 340 – Environmental Engineering I Research: Indoor air pollution 31 Stefan Grimberg Associate Professor 212 Rowley Lab 268-6490 PhD Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 1995 Teaches: CE 481/581 - Hazardous Waste Management Engineering CE 491 - Senior Design...
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...WMRC Greening School’s Green Chemistry Lesson Glue From Milk GS005-008 Objectives 1. Examine how a chemical reaction can change into a new product, 2. Understand how renewable resources can be used in our everyday lives Materials • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2 one-ounce medicine cups Safety goggles Plastic spoon (reuse) Basket-type coffee filter 2 9-once clear (reusable) plastic cups 3-quart package of powdered non-fat milk 1 ½ cups vinegar 8 ounce box of baking soda set of measuring spoons Measuring cup Hot water (1/3 – ½ cup) Plastic or newspaper (to cover table if necessary) Paper for gluing Towels for cleanup Green Chemistry Principles • • Safety first and last Use renewable resources IL State Standards (Science) 11.A, 12.B, 12.C, 12.E, 13.B • Levels Middle School (Use as a demonstration for elementary school) Vocabulary Curd, Whey, Casein, Rennin Time One class period Overview Utilizing renewable resources in the classroom visually illustrates the principles of Green Chemistry. The Milk and Glue activity demonstrates to the students that you can take a renewable resource-milk in this case, and through a chemical reaction, turn it into a usable product such as glue. The activity also shows the students that chemistry can be fun. One batch of glue will be made, although this glue does not have a long shelf life. Procedure 1. 2. 3. 4. Measure ¼ cup of hot water Pout into a clear 9-ounce cup Add 2 tablespoons of powdered mil to the water and...
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...LESSON 1 1. Which of the instructional materials enumerated in this lesson do you often use? Are there categories you have not tried? Why? Materials often used: A. Printed and Duplicated Materials I do use a lot of printed materials in teaching my pupils. I do find that my pupils do better when we are making use of the board but I do need an evidence to show how the pupil is doing to their parent or guardian and that is by means of printed materials. B. Non-Projected Display Materials I handle kids with different needs; one for example is that I have pupils with Autism. Those who are on the spectrum learn best with visual materials that is why the center that I’m in has a lot of instructional materials to choose from. C. Cine and Video Materials Most of the cases we have in the center are children with communication problem, from speech to language disorder. The use of videos is a good help in exercising their communication. With the catchy tune and the colorful or even funny images it’s with, it surely helps maintain my pupil’s attention. D. Computer-mediated Materials I do make use of the different computer program. I am thankful that there are lot of computer programs that I can download for free, from application to help mu pupils learn facial expression, to learning colors, shapes and alphabets to learning good attitudes. Materials that I haven’t tried: A. Still Projected Display Materials Most of the kids that I’m handling are afraid...
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