...Tina Stratton ETH/125 Professor Knight September 28, 2014 Historical Report on the Native American The history of the Native American goes as far back as 1492 when Christopher Columbus first came in contact with Native Americans in Bahamas. “The name “indian” was given to them from Christopher Columbus who mistakenly thought he had landed in the “Indies”. (History.com Staff, 2009) How the attitude and image of the Native American people would change with the induction of the early settlers in Virginia in 1607. With the increase in immigration of settlers and the greed of the “white man” to lay claim to Indian lands, violence erupted in their conquest. After the American Revolution, Britain released all of its North American holdings to the United States. The claims of Native Americans were completely eradicated by this action. For a short time, United States regulated under the presumption that the Indians were overthrown, and therefore, had no rights or claims to the land. On May 28, 1830 Congress passes the Indian Removal Act, allowing the president to pursue ownership of all Indian lands east of the Mississippi River. Under this act, the Indians would be paid back with new lands drawn from the public land west of the Mississippi River. President Andrew Jackson was relentless during the 1830s, despite Supreme Court rulings in favor of the Indian Nation, to remove all eastern Indians to land west of the Mississippi River. ...
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...One of the most disenfranchised groups in the United States is the Native American people. This seems like it should be a contradictory statement considering that before Christopher Columbus’s arrival in 1492, Native Americans of various tribes lived and thrived in their homeland. However, that all changed when white conquistadors arrived. Columbus claimed an occupied land for Spain and then committed acts on the native people that equate to the modern day definition of genocide. Eventually, Columbus and other conquerors died off. However, that did not signal the end of the suffering for Native Americans because the U.S. government took over and became the new subjugators. The documentary “The Canary Effect” provides a timeline of how native...
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...the wayside. How interesting it is that the people who came to this land first are the ones who have been short changed. Native Americans have been ridiculed. The stereotype of the dirty dealin' Injun" is just one of numerous examples. This has not helped the Native Americans in any way. Slowly, things are getting better, but only slowly. It ended up tearing the Native Americans away from their land that they called Sacred which was not helpful and right by no means. The Cherokee called this land from Georgia to Oklahoma the Trail of Tears. Native American history is nothing but a trail of tears stretching through five centuries of horror and betrayal of the Native American. The Spanish and Native Americans date back to when Christopher Columbus discovered New World on October 14, 1492. He met with the Tainos which led him to claiming the Island of Spain. He also kidnapped some of the Tainos because they never would have agreed to return to Spain. Columbus ended up becoming a Governor of Santo Domingo which people have said that he was not a good governor at all. During this time they enslaved all the Tainos. Since they had given him gold when he first came, he...
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...1 The American Indian Holocaust Team D January 11, 2015 TY Little 2 American Indian Holocaust The “500 Year War” was known as the American Indian Holocaust known to history. There were so many Native Americans life lost it was around 114,000,000. It is said that Christopher Columbus was responsible for half a million of Native American Indian’s deaths. When Columbus arrived in 1493 he came with 17 ships, and killed and implemented slavery, and then the Native people occurred Wounded Knee and the Trail of Tears. It was known that the US Army supplied blankets contaminated with small box, and over 100 thousand native people died (Shawnee, Delaware, and Mingo). The Native peoples that suffered these atrocities were then expected to assimilate into the white culture. Their cultures were outlawed along with their language and traditions. This brought anger to the people that still stand today. This anger has done a lot of damage to the current cultures of Native Americans. These behaviors have become self destructive that have caused rampant alcoholism rates to sore 7 times higher than the national average. Their unresolved grief has resulted in high suicide and homicide rates 3 times higher than the national average. A culmination of the loss of their traditional rituals that used to allow the native people...
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...Who Am I Ashley Guinn ETH/125 10/07/2013 Robert Knobs Who Am I My name is Ashley Guinn and my great-grandmother was a full-blooded Cherokee Indian, so naturally I am a descendant of the Cherokee Native Americans. I may not have but 1/8 of their blood, but they are a part of my ancestry. As I conduct my research, I have a much better understanding of the discrimination my ancestors faced as well as the harsh and brutal treatment that led to many tribes being forced from the land that had been theirs for generations. Since the arrival of Christopher Columbus, Native Americans have suffered through much fear and resentment. Members of the American Republic like George Washington thought that the best way to handle the “Indian problem” was to introduce Christianity into their culture, teach them to read and speak English, and other common European practices such as individual ownership of land: in effect “civilizing” them. These ideals were embraced the Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole, Creek, and Cherokee who came to be known as the “Five Civilized Tribes.” Regardless men who sought the rich and fertile land did not care how “civilized” they were and resorted to almost any extreme to obtain them. They stole livestock, burned and looted towns, or simply took over the lands they wanted. State governments began to pass laws limiting Native American rights and encroached on their land. In a few cases such as Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia (1831) and Worcester vs. Georgia (1832), the...
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...Who Am I Ashley Guinn ETH/125 10/07/2013 Robert Knobs Who Am I My name is Ashley Guinn and my great-grandmother was a full-blooded Cherokee Indian, so naturally I am a descendant of the Cherokee Native Americans. I may not have but 1/8 of their blood, but they are a part of my ancestry. As I conduct my research, I have a much better understanding of the discrimination my ancestors faced as well as the harsh and brutal treatment that led to many tribes being forced from the land that had been theirs for generations. Since the arrival of Christopher Columbus, Native Americans have suffered through much fear and resentment. Members of the American Republic like George Washington thought that the best way to handle the “Indian problem” was to introduce Christianity into their culture, teach them to read and speak English, and other common European practices such as individual ownership of land: in effect “civilizing” them. These ideals were embraced the Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole, Creek, and Cherokee who came to be known as the “Five Civilized Tribes.” Regardless men who sought the rich and fertile land did not care how “civilized” they were and resorted to almost any extreme to obtain them. They stole livestock, burned and looted towns, or simply took over the lands they wanted. State governments began to pass laws limiting Native American rights and encroached on their land. In a few cases such as Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia (1831) and Worcester vs. Georgia (1832), the...
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...event, and a philosophy, that changed how the United States expanded from thirteen colonies into what it is today. The term, Manifest Destiny, was first used in 1845 by John O'Sullivan, to give explanation for the United States' right of expansion. He stated that"...the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federaltive development of self government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth." 1 The principle behind Manifest Destiny has been around since Christopher Columbus first discovered the Caribbean. Many years after Columbus' discovery of the New World, Europe and Mexico were wanting to expand, and control new territories in North America. This want for new territory, would cause boundary issues and fears to arise soon after the Revolutionary War with the fledgling government of the United States. These boundary issues and fears would help the supporters, who wanted to expand the United States borders, to push for acquiring new territories in North America. Not long after the Revolutionary War, the government of the United States began to want to expand into territories that were occupied by European and Native American peoples. Using a Doctrine of Discovery, which was an international law that was started in the 15th century...
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...Summary of Historical Trauma BSHS345 June 14, 2014 Chelie Safeels The Native Americans have faced extreme historical trauma for over five hundred years. This includes physical (death due to no immunity to European diseases), Emotional, Social and spiritual genocide. From 1492 when Christopher Columbus came to American, to the Spanish Conquistadors, The puritans and all those who came later to displace the Native Americans, including the trail of tears, and in the end to be locked into barren reservations. Another tragedy is the lose of most of the reservation through the court system, because oil, gas and other minerals are found on the Sovereign land. The Native American have been required through the years to adapt to the American way of life and to abandon their native culture to live in a “White Man’s World” The term trauma is Greek in origin, meaning to physically wound, disturb or pierce the corporeal boundaries (Garland, 1998;Leydesdorffet al., 1999). Sources generally define trauma according to an acute event or insult against a person’s body or culture’s psyche/traditions A lot of pain and suffering our family has going through. A lot of things that have happened to the Native American which were unjust, that were cruel, that were down right murderous, but as a culture they have survived, but most of the culture is lost to history. My Aunt Dorothy Yellowtail, whose husband Chief Robert Yellowtail was the last full Blooded of the Crow...
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...sought peace and only wanted to protect their people. There were marked differences in the culture and religions of all the tribes as well as differences between them and the white man. Yet they were some remarkable men and women that came from those tribes. Native Americans have a unique relationship with the history of the United States. Creek Indians The Creek Indians were a great part of history for early Georgia and Alabama. They lived there most of the early days and during the colonial period. While the Indians outnumbered the colonist, they also owned more land and enslaved the African people. By the year of 1760, the Creeks had become a minority population, and by the 1800 they had given their land to the new state. Christopher Columbus arrived in the America’s to find the entire Southeastern area filled with the Indian villages and societies. Soon these natives found themselves devastated by outbreaks of disease not known to them. The small pox infection wiped out a majority of the native population. This was something that the natives had no knowledge of and surely was unprepared for the consequences of it. The estimate is that the disease...
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...heritage. They were once free to wonder vast lands in a quest of survival without boundaries, regulations, and politics as we know it . Native American people were broken up between tribes, bands and rancherias each with various beliefs, needs, demographics and characteristics. There was a sacred prophecy told throughout the land of the arrival of different people that would bring disease, sickness and death to the native people. In 1492 the prophecy began to show true. Christopher Columbus reports of a new world began the introduction of European colonization “white man” to this native land. The introduction of the white man to America would have lasting effect on every Native American throughout history. From the first encounters to present day Indians, life would forever be changed. One of the first European descriptions of the New World and the people who inhabit it was written in a letter to Luis de Sant Angel, Tresurer of Aragon. In this letter Columbus, C. (1493) writes I found no towns nor villages on the sea-coast, except a few small settlements, where it was impossible to speak to the people, because they fled at once, I continued the said route, thinking I could not fail to see some great cities or towns; and finding at the end of many leagues that nothing new appeared, and that the coast led northward, contrary to my wish, because the winter had...
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...classify a person as a “typical American”, can it be the color of their skin, or the fact that they were born here. In a sense all of us originate from immigrants, the only people that come to mind that were here originally are the Native of Americans. This is a very diverse and multicultural country that has no official religion, culture, or ancestry. It all a melting pot that has a little bit of everything and from and to everybody. What we must take in great consideration that is the origins of America it begins with settlers, arriving to this land and encountering Natives. It is believed that during an Ice Age they traveled a land-bridge across the Bering Sound, from Siberia to what is now known as Alaska today. It is due to Christopher Columbus that they are known as “Indians” this is due to the fact the he believed he had arrived in the Indies. The interaction and trades with the settlers paved the way of nations to born in this continent and with help of Native of Americans the development of these nations. There is a great contribution to the birth of this country be the Native of Americans. However not just to birth but to the development and endurance of time. In the beginning it was Sacajawea who helped Lewis and Clark reached the west coast and discovering the vast country that America is. As many settlers began to move to the west many traded with the different tribes, along with conflict between the Europeans and Natives. As many began to discover precious metals...
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...1. When Christopher Columbus reached the New World in 1492, he found a. cultures so primitive that Spain thought the area could not be developed. b. hundreds of cultures with nearly 400 different languages. c. one large, common native culture with basically one language. d. only barren landscape without humans. 2. Spain and Portugal were among the first European nations that e. abandoned the feudal system and adopted democracy. f. accepted the authority of a single hereditary monarch for the entire country. g. adopted an established religion that everyone must honor. h. converted their monetary system to the euro. 3. When Christopher Columbus sailed westward seeking Asia, his goal was to i. carry the Gospel to unsaved peoples throughout the world. j. find new lands for Spain to conquer and exploit. k. locate an all-water route to Lilliputia. l. reestablish trade routes interrupted by the bubonic plague. 4. Traders sought new trading opportunities primarily to have access to m. better medicines to help Europeans conquer the Black Death. n. expanded power and influence in case of the need for additional crusades. o. luxuries such as sugar and spices demanded by the elite. p. staple foods to sustain Europe’s large peasant population. 5. At the time of Christopher Columbus’s first voyage, most Europeans q. acknowledged...
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...The international community has not legally admonished the United States for genocidal acts against Native Americans, yet it is clear that examples of genocidal acts and crimes against humanity are a well-cited page in U.S. history. Notorious incidents, such as the Trail of Tears, the Sand Creek Massacre, and the massacre of the Yuki of northern California are covered in depth in separate entries in this encyclopedia. More controversial, however, is whether the colonies and the United States participated in genocidal acts as an overall policy toward Native Americans. The Native-American population decrease since the arrival of Spanish explorer Christopher Columbus alone signals the toll colonization and U.S. settlement took on the native population. Scholars estimate that approximately 10 million pre-Columbian Native Americans resided in the present-day United States. That number has since fallen to approximately 2.4 million. While this population decrease cannot be attributed solely to the actions of the U.S. government, they certainly played a key role. In addition to population decrease, Native Americans have also experienced significant cultural and proprietary losses as a result of U.S. governmental actions. The total effect has posed a serious threat to the sustainability of the Native-American people and culture. Ideological Motivations Two conflicting yet equally harmful ideologies significantly influenced U.S. dealings with Native Americans. The first sprang from...
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...My Eyes are Native American Do you see me when you look at me or do you see my grandfather’s nose, my grandmother’s ears, my great-uncle’s hair, or my father’s eyes? I am a mother, a daughter, a singer, a comedian, and the greatest secret keeper. A race is people competing for the first place prize at the finish line. Life does not have a finish line and the participants do not have to be identical. That would be extremely boring. When you look at me I want you to see my character and integrity and not the genetics that formed my shell. Take a step back in time; take a leap to 10,000 to 30,000 years ago. The world was bitter cold and experiencing the Ice Age. At some point in time during this era the Bering Land Bridge emerged (Gascoigne, 2001). This was an undersea ridge that connected Siberia with Alaska. Vegetation began to grow along this ridge and attracted many types of animals. The animals started migrating south along the ridge to eat and find more food. Hunter-gatherers, in turn, tracked and followed these animals in pursuit of food as well. This is the point where the American Indian’s entry into America started. The Native Americans continued to migrate further south into South America and gradually to the eastern side of the United States. They were semi-nomadic and were continually on the move in search of better hunting and ability to grow vegetation. The earliest documented proof of any civilized habitation was found to have developed in the coastal...
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...Beverly, Rose A. His 221 010 August 27, 2011 Morris, Erin The cultural patterns of the Native American groups prior to European colonization. Even though Christopher Columbus claimed to have discovered the Americas in 1492, it was already inhabited some fifteen to twenty thousand years prior. The glaciers were reduced because of global warming and this gave the nomadic hunters access to the core of the North American continent. Amazingly, this contributed to their food supply abundantly and this produced a swift population growth. More changes became evident in the environment which included a new food source such as fish, nuts and berries. These Native Americans, known as Paleo-Indians, adjusted and propelled forward. Because they were exposed to a new food source they discovered how to cultivate certain plants. At this stage, the Agriculture Revolution was born and this significantly altered the Native American culture. With a more stable food source these Indians became docile and established. This also helped in establishing stable villages and eventually led to some type of government which included elders and leaders. The Eastern Woodland Cultures did not practice agriculture first and foremost but supplemented their food chain with hunting and fishing. They had settled in the northern region along the Atlantic coast. The Algonquian-speaking Natives resided from North Carolina to Main and spoke many different...
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