...Cramming Techniques for Exams Cramming for exams should be avoided at all costs. You should only cram for an exam as a last resort. It's hard to take in and retain a large amount of information in a short period of time. Some of the tips on studying and preparing for a test may overlap with the cramming techniques below. Eat some food to give you energy to study but avoid consuming excess sugar which will make you hyper and will make it more difficult to study. An apple does a better job at keeping you focused and awake than caffeine. Find a well lit place with no distractions around to study but don't get too comfortable or you may fall asleep. Keep a positive attitude, it is easier to study when you are relaxed than when you are stressed out. Since your time is limited, you have to choose what you study. Don't attempt to learn everything, focus on things that will get you the most points on the exam. Focus on the main ideas and learn key formulas. Skip the details for now and only come back to them if you see that you have time after you have learned the key points. Write down the key ideas/formulas on a sheet of paper and keep on studying from that sheet, repetition is important. Highlight the important points in your notes, and text and focus on that. Read the chapter summaries (they usually do a good job at summarizing the important points). If there're no chapter summaries then skim through the text and write down key ideas. Study from past...
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...Sleep is absolutely essential for normal, healthy function. Scientists and medical professionals still have much to learn about this complicated physiological phenomenon. According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, about 40 million people suffer from chronic long-term sleep disorders each year and an additional 20 million people experience occasional sleep problems. In most cases, sleep disorders can be easily managed once they are properly diagnosed. Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder. Insomnia is most often thought of as both a sign and a symptom that can accompany several sleep, medical, and psychiatric disorders, characterized by persistent difficulty falling asleep and/or staying asleep or sleep of poor quality. Insomnia is typically followed by functional impairment while awake. One definition of insomnia is difficulties initiating and/or maintaining sleep, or nonrestorative sleep, associated with impairments of daytime functioning or marked distress for more than 1 month.Insomnia can occur at any age, but it is particularly common in the elderly. A nightmare is an unpleasant dream that can cause a strong negative emotional response from the mind, typically fear or horror, but also despair, anxiety and great sadness. The dream may contain situations of danger, discomfort, psychological or physical terror. Sufferers usually awaken in a state of distress and may be unable to return to sleep for a prolonged period of time.Nightmares...
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...from 7:00-8:30 a.m.). This action would better satisfy the sleep needs of teenagers, improve their academic performance, be beneficial for families of elementary school students, and increase safety. Delaying the high school schedule, even if only by half an hour, would be beneficial to the sleep needs of teenagers. Studies have shown that after puberty, teenagers require more sleep (about 9.5hrs) but get less sleep (about 7.5hrs). (1) Mary Carskadon of Brown University performed an elaborate scientific study on the sleeping patterns of adolescents. (2) Her research, later verified by other studies, found that not only do teenagers need more sleep, their sleep patterns shift. (3) After puberty, teens' circadian rhythms shift into a delayed phase. Indicators of the circadian rhythms other than the sleep-wake cycle , such as temperature , hormone secretion , and melatonin level , all start and end later in the day than when they had prior to puberty. This is why teenagers would do better to go to bed later and to wake up later. Of course, it would be best for them to use the extra time to get more sleep, but it would be inevitable that several students would just push back their bed time and wake up later. Even if the students don't take advantage of the extra sleeping time opportunity, delaying the schedule would still better fit their needs. Delaying the starting time for high schools would improve the academic performance of students. They would be more in tune with what...
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...Holiday homework Topic - “ Mental Illnesses” Over the summer holidays I chose the topic “ Mental Illnesses” because It was such an intriguing topic. I had a look at two mental illnesses over the period of time that I was at home, those two topics were Agoraphobia & Insominia. Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder in situations where the sufferer perceives certain environments as dangerous or uncomfortable, often due to the environment's openness or crowdedness. These situations include, wide-open spaces, as well as uncontrollable social situations such as the possibility of being met in shopping malls, airports, etc. The sufferer may go to great lengths to avoid those situations, in severe cases becoming unable to leave their homes. 2.2%, of adults in the Australia between the ages of 18 and 54, suffer from agoraphobia, agoraphobia can also relate to 60% of other phobias. Insomnia, is a sleep disorder in which there is an inability to fall asleep or to stay asleep as long as desired. Insomnia is most often thought of as both a medical sign and a symptom that can accompany several sleep, medical, and psychiatric disorders characterized by a continuous difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep or having poor quality sleep. Insomnia can occur at any age, but it is particularly common in the elderly. Insomnia can be short term (up to three weeks) or long term (above 3–4 weeks), which can lead to memory problems, depression, irritability and an increased risk of heart...
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...Endogenous pacemakers A study done on rats by Stephan et all where they damaged the SCN cells by removing them to see the effect it had on circadian rhythms. They put one group in 12 hours of light and the other in 12 hours of darkness. They found the rats with no SCN drank more and were more active in light than darkness. They concluded that if the SCN is damaged the circadian rhythm goes. A study that also supports this is the study done by Morgan who used hamsters but they transplanted SCN cells from mutant hamsters, which followed a 20-hour cycle into a hamster with a normal 24 hour cycle. They found that the normal hamster took on the 20-hour cycle. This is backed up by anatomical studies which have shown the presence of the SCN just above the optic nerve which is part of the eyes and we know that the eyes play a big part in the sleep wake cycle and are effected by light. The non-human animal studies are supported by brain tumours that have damaged the SCN have caused messed up circadian rhythms. This shows that SCN has the effect on both types of animals this means the studies results can be applied to human and non-human animals. However both studies done on animals were very unethical as the procedures used to damage or remove the SCN cells caused death and permanent damage to the animals causing them physical damage, which is not reversible. However the scientific methodology is good as it was done in a lab so it is very scientific, all variables are controlled and...
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...BUILDING MASS There are 4 Key Components in gaining lean body mass: They are: 1.Eat Lots of Good, Clean Food. 2. Work-Out Hard. 3. Supplement Properly. 4. Sleep Long. Notice that I put "eating lots of good, clean food" at the top of the list. Let's face it, more Calories = more mass, period. To build muscle, it is imperative to have adequate calories to build with. This doesn't mean to rush to Burger King and order 10 Whoppers. LOL, you want good, clean calories, like those found in your basic, down-to-the-earth-type foods such as: Potatoes, Rice, Oatmeal, Beans, and Yams. Meals should not include much the following: dairy products, sugars, or fats. You need to try to break your daily caloric, protein, carbohydrate, and fat intake into 6 even meals. Meals should be spaced out by between 2-3 hours. It is important to check your bodyfat once a week. You should eat enough to gain about 1-2 pounds of muscle per week Work-Out Hard Intensity is the Ingredient that makes Muscle Soup. Training Hard Doesn't mean getting pissed and curl 150lbs with your body. It means to put a weight that you can honestly pump out some good, clean reps with strict form. Get your spotter to help you with a few extra reps. If you can get used to the "Pain of the Growth Zone", have your spotter spot you until he/she gets tired. The Intensity of this type of training is Awesome! You may also consider getting a personal trainer. When you look for a personal trainer, you should look for someone who:...
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...language Social media is removing these very human qualities of communication by eliminating the need to get out and socialize with others in person. Sleep Disturbances Evidence also suggests that social media overuse can contribute to sleep disturbances. Studies of Chinese and American children, published in the "Journal of Sleep" and the "Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics," found that computer use among adolescents was associated with later bed times, later waking times, less restful sleep and an overall decrease in sleep. The use of computers before bedtime has also raised concerns among sleep experts, including Phyllis Zee, a neuroscience professor at Northwestern University, that the light from screens is affecting circadian rhythms and possibly contributing to insomnia. Loneliness They lack the support of friends and family in the real world, so they seek out new relationships online. However, the lack of real world friends and family leaves them vulnerable to being taken advantage of online, or developing relationships which aren’t real, and just add to their loneliness and depression. Stress Many use the Internet to...
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...Macias, Prescilla Prof. Conde ENC 1102 9am 11 April 2016 Fireflies by Owl City portrays to various subjects such as sleep, dreams and fantasies. In this song the artist mentions his incapability to have a good night’s rest, however, he imagines so much. The artist has insomnia and has always had a tough time falling asleep for as long as he can remember. He wanted to sing about his inability to sleep in a whimsical way that portrayed the condition as lighthearted and almost more of a 'blessing' than a curse. It's ironic that when sleep and him cannot bring themselves to meet is often when inspiration strikes hardest to the artist. When asked about this song the artist mentioned "I was up late and in the basement one night when I wrote Fireflies. I was sitting at the keyboard just fooling around, not really trying to write anything. Over the next couple of hours that song came together in the most natural way. I can't explain it but it almost wrote itself.” In the first verse, he sings “You would not believe your eyes if ten million fireflies lit up the world as I fell asleep.” This line is an example of a hyperbole. The singer is trying to allow you to relate to how many fireflies there actually are. He does this by greatly over exaggerating the quantity of the fireflies and how much light they're giving off. In your mind, when you think of ten million, you're picturing a ridiculous amount. The diameter of Earth is 7,918 miles, so that's about 42...
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...Audience hook: Large portions of the population are affected by mood disorders. These mood disorders seem to be directly related to significant disruptions of both the circadian rhythm and the sleep/wake cycle (McClung, 2012). b. Thesis Statement: Research suggests the circadian rhythm is influenced by sunlight and regulates our mood. c. Preview of Main points: i. The circadian rhythm ii. The correlation between sunlight and mood swings. II. The location and function of the circadian rhythm. (See visual aids attached) a. The circadian rhythm is the name of the internal body clock of living organisms. i. The internal body clock helps the body to adapt to the daily cycle of day and night. ii. The daily cycles involve “clock gens” which control the cycles in rhythmic waves. iii. Location of the master circadian is in the hypothalamus iv. Light is transmitted to the master circadian through the retina of the eye. v. The registration of light isn’t through conscious vision, but through rods and cones in the retina (Borvin, 2013) III. The correlation between (sun) light and mood swings. a. The hormone melatonin is used as the circadian marker. It is produced during the night and under absolute condition of darkness b. Inadequate light will disrupt the circadian rhythm and cause change in the release of hormone controlling brain activity. c. Change in melatonin release can cause sleep deprivation. Lack of sleep causes mood...
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...doesn't experience the REM, that will have downfall effect on the functioning of human body, suffering from various sleeping disorders because it is required by the body just like sunlight. And even people suffering from exaggerated REM will suffer from sleep deprivation and fatigue while they are awake. Usually, a fully-grown person has about 4 to 5 cycles of REM sleep, consisting of about 25% of a night's sleep. A new-born child's sleep can consist of as high as 50% REM type sleep (Davidmann, 1998). As I previously stated, a person would go through the sleep stage cycle four to five times a night, hence four to five dreams per night. With this in mind it can be calculated the average human being will have 136,000 dreams in a lifetime, spending about six total years in the REM stage dreaming. Mentally retarted people and people with less IQ's are tend to have less REM sleep as compared to other mental disorders. The reason this cases are still unknown. Sigmund Freud first argued that the motivation behind all the dreams content is wish fulfilment and the abetment of a dream is often to be found the day past the dream, which he called the day residue. In the case of small children they dream about those things that they have encountered in their previous day since they dream quite straight forwardly. But on the other hand, in the cases of adults their dreams have been always a subject of deformation because they usually cloak their dreams and disguise it, killing its real significance...
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...that the body’s natural rhythm which is similar to the biological clock can vary from different age groups. There are two major reasons that demonstrate educators’ traditional attitudes towards “going to bed early” and “getting up early” may be misleading. For one thing, a meta-analysis of 41 surveys of worldwide adolescent sleep patterns published in the last decades (1999-2010) suggests that sleep patterns tended to delay with increasing age during adolescence (Gradisar, 110). One of the likely explanations is that the onset of puberty causes hormone changes, which makes early to bed particularly difficult for adolescents. Professor Finely points out that the secretion of melatonin which is the sleep-inducing hormone, shift “the natural circadian rhythm” and lead to “a change in the natural timing of the sleep cycle” of adolescents (Finley, 975). Also, modern technology is to blame. Using smartphones and other electronic devices such as computers at night will increase depletion the next morning because of their effects on sleep. “The light from smartphones affects levels of melatonin and makes people wide awake into early hours.” claimed by Lanaj who has been doing researches on the consequences of using electrical devices during late night (Lanaj, 15). Therefore, frequent use of phones, TVs or computers for study and for fun can keep adolescents wide awake into the early morning. For another, Dr. Paul Kelly, reporting the results of a research conducted in 2015, reveals that the...
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...INTRODUCTION You climb into bed worn out and exhausted. But the minute the lights go out, you’re wide awake, worrying. The clock ticks ahead. Your anxiety builds. You wonder how you’ll survive the next day. Sleep can often be a barometer of your overall health. In many cases, people in good health tend to sleep well, whereas those suffering from repeated sleeping problems might have an underlying medical or mental health problem, be it minor or serious. Sleeping well is essential to your physical health and emotional well-being. Unfortunately, even minimal sleep loss can take a toll on your mood, energy, efficiency, and ability to handle stress. Ignoring sleep problems and disorders can lead to poor health, accidents, impaired job performance, and relationship stress. Most of us have experienced trouble sleeping at one time or another. This is normal and usually temporary, due to stress or other outside factors. But if sleep problems are a regular occurrence and interfere with your daily life, you may be suffering from a sleep disorder. Sleep disorders cause more than just sleepiness. The lack of quality sleep can have a negative impact on your energy, emotional balance, and health. A sleep disorder, or somnipathy, is a medical disorder of the sleep patterns of a person or animal. Some sleep disorders are serious enough to interfere with normal physical, mental and emotional functioning. Polysomnography is a test commonly ordered for some sleep disorders. Disruptions in sleep...
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... In the prompt about how research shows that teenagers in high school classes should begin school later in the day, because of having to wake up early and going to sleep early. Also about how the research shows that classes should begin later in the day, and end later in the day. I am in between about the research because there are good things and bad about starting school later in the day and getting out later on in the day. Why I think that it is a good idea to start classes later in the day, because high school students will get more sleep and be prepared for class. Also students would have more time to eat breakfast in the morning. Another reason why I agree because the students will be able to go to sleep easier, and will not have problems waking up at all. Also with getting out later in the day students will have more time to do homework. Also with starting school later on in the day, teachers would have more time to be prepared for the lesson that they are going to teach that day. The disadvantages of starting school later on in the day and getting out of school early are: some students may do sports after school and depending on how late they get out, could interfere with the sports. Also they could get home really late at night and could not have any time to do homework, that could result in failure in classes. Also students might have jobs or other things they need to take care of. Also another disadvantage of starting school later on in...
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... Research has shown that teenagers experience a change in their internal sleep clocks so that waking up early and going to sleep early are difficult. Should high school classes begin later in the day and end later in the day to accommodate students' natural sleep clocks? Consider some of the benefits and disadvantages to starting school later in the day. I agreed for trouble sleeping, for their sleeping patterns are in the different way by time for to sleep, by going to school are starting the school later in the morning. I actually agree, because students from high school do have problems of their sleeping patterns at night time for sleeping early, or some students are stressed out by staying up late for other things to do like finish their assignments of homework or having night shift of having part-time jobs. It's not fair for teenagers from high school for going to school way early. Some students do take naps of their own classes for their difficult condition of sleeping. It's best to kids to have sleeping medicines for sleeping early or make their selves useful to move their body more of energy for making their self tired. Students really want their high school classes to begin later of their sleeps; some of students have trouble of their sleep by not to waking up early, it causes teenagers for being late for school. Their not fully waking of all that lack of energy by staying up late at night. It's just that students doesn't like to be late of school missing...
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...I woke up grumpy and annoyed by the constant buzzing sound of the alarm clock. “I should be sleeping right now. Not waking up at 6 AM.” I grumbled to myself as I slowly got ready for another day of school. People often ask their friends and themselves why we have to get up early almost everyday and be at school by 8:45 or 7:30. (Debate.org) According to the data collected from students, 79% say that school should start later, while the remaining 21% oppose the idea. One student who supports the idea stated that she had observed her sister through her high school years. She said that if her sister’s school had started later, and ended later, then she would be ready to learn and the chance of her falling asleep during class decrease. Another student claimed that a average teenager need about 9.5 hours of sleep a night, but study shows that teens usually get about 7.5 hours. Their claim was that you can’t concentrate when you are tired, and if you were taking a exam, you would need concentration. Other students share that they don’t have time for breakfast, they are stressed in the morning hours and they feel rushed. Though the students are correct, the other 21% is also correct. Students said that there wasn’t a point to starting later. Just because some students can’t wake up early and get to school on time, doesn’t mean that the entire school should start later. Others say that if school were to start later, that we would get out later, and miss the opportunities to participate...
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