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Civil Rights Notes

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Submitted By hotrod492
Words 664
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• NAACP-National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
• Plessy Vs. Ferguson-1896-separate but equal
• De facto segregation-segregation by custom and tradition
• Sweatt vs. Painter-schools had to admit black people
• Sit-ins---would sit and refused to move in order to shame managers into integration
• Brown vs. Board-Thurgood Marshall-Linda Brown-ended segregation in all public schools
• Montgomery Bus Boycott-Rosa Parks-MLK was a leader
• MLK-inspired by Gandhi
• Southern Christian Leadership Conference-set out to end segregation
• Little Rock Nine-Eisenhower hand to order troops in-LBJ helped it pass, but it was weaker
• Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
• Freedom Riders- rode buses in the south to protest-were beaten by Whites and KKK
• Kennedy used civil rights to win election-promised support
• James Meredith-applied to college, but was denied even with a court order
• Kennedy assassinated, but Lyndon Johnson carries on his support of African Americans
• Civil Rights Act of 1964- Gave power to made segregation illegal, gave power to federal gov. to prevent discrimination
• Selma March-many were beaten in front of cameras-shocked nation
• Voting Rights Act of 1965-allowed for many African Americans to vote-no more literacy tests
• Even though discrimination was ending, it didn’t change people’s attitudes
• Watts riot- African American neighborhood-had to send in National Guard
• Kerner Commission- studied why the riots were happening
• Chicago movement- march through white neighborhoods to show poverty of African Americans
• Richard J. Daley- ordered police to protect Chicago movement
• Black power- meant that blacks should control the social, political, and economic direction of their struggle
• Malcolm X-joined Black Muslims-believed that blacks should separate themselves-advocated self defense
• Black Panthers- followers of Malcolm X later formed them-believed they had to use violence to force whites into granting them equal rights
• King’s death did not end civil rights movement, but it lacked unity after his death
• ONLINE DOCS
• Johnson stated in his speech that this was a matter of fulfilling what nation was about
• Debated that international and economic accomplishments were tarnished by no civil rights
• Challenged the whole country to tackle problem-not one region(South) or ethnicity(Black)
• Focuses on Black’s right to vote- centers on what happened in Selma, AL
• Talks about various tests, violence, etc. that prohibits Blacks from voting
• Starts the movement himself- sends a bill to Congress to remove all voting obstacles
• Warns them not to remove essential parts, work long hours to pass it quickly
• Uses his position as a Southern man to convince Southerners
• Points out that this is a bipartisan battle-Lincoln was Republican, he is Democratic
• Says that this would be progress in fight against poverty as well
• Discourages violence from both sides
• Speech is also about overcoming other American challenges- poverty, education, peace
• Although segregation ended a while back, still a part of South culture- prom was not integrated until 2008 in Mississippi school
• Although segregation is over, people often feel uncomfortable with being a minority in a neighborhood- especially when whites are minority in an area
• Integration has slowed down drastically, probably no significant movement in next 20 years
• 50 years later, fight for desegregation of schools is still going on
• Over past 14 years, number of black kids in white-majority schools has dropped 10% in South
• Segregation is actually worst in North- New York, Michigan, Illinois- many blacks moved back to South after Civil Rights because conditions were better
• Blacks lag in high school and college degrees, as well as income; 24.1% poverty rate in Black pop.
• Desegregation was hard to enforce- South took it’s time, and rest of nation barely cared
• In 1967, Johnson created a Committee that published a report (Kerner Report) analyzing Civil Rights protests
• Concluded that at the time, we were creating two separate societies, one white and one black- separate but unequal
• Said the causes for protest were unequal education, police action, white behavior, education
• RFK-helped get MLK released from jail

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