...Positivist/Interpretivist views THEMES 1. Pupils 2. Teachers 3. Schools 4. Parents 5. Classroom METHODS 1. Documents 2. Official Stats 3. Questionnaires 4. Interviews 5. Experiments 6. Observations STUDY 1. Truancy 2. Subcultures 3. Achievement 4. Parental involvement 5. Gender Identity 6. Class, Ethnicity and Language 7. Labelling 8. Teacher Expectations 9. Classroom Interactions In Summary 1. Choose your method 2. Look at the theme 3. Look at the study 4. Use the Item, take each point and add your own material DO NOT re-write it ‘Item A/B states…. In addition/for example….’ 5. Use all of the item not just the bit that relates to your chosen method 6. Perhaps a good conclusion would be one that discusses using a mixture of methods or ‘Triangulation.’ REMEMBER: This is a methods essay NOT an education one, you do not need lengthy descriptions for example, of studies that relate to education, however it may be a good idea in this question in particular to use Willis’ Learning to Labour as an example of a group interview but in relation to its use as a method NOT the study itself. LASTLY: APPLY APPLY APPLY – All examples should be related to the material in the Item and Education, NOT methods in...
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...Analyse the importance of poverty as an explanation of social class differences in educational achievement Introduction Sociologists have argued that social class differences in educational achievement can be explained in terms of 4 not necessarily mutually exclusive kinds of theory: IQ theory; theories emphasising social class differences in material circumstances; theories emphasising social class differences in subcultural attitudes and values; and theories emphasising the importance of within school labelling processes. Sociologists tend to be critical of IQ theory for several reasons and point out that there is good evidence to show that social class is a major determinant of educational success even independently of measured differences in IQ. I shall therefore concentrate upon the three more sociological approaches and in each case it may be argued that the factors which may disadvantage working class students in general are especially likely to disadvantage those working class students who experience poverty. However before analysing the possible effects of poverty on educational achievement some preliminary investigation of the nature and extent of poverty in the UK is first necessary and for these purposes we must first distinguish between absolute and relative poverty. Absolute poverty is said to occur when individuals lack the money necessary to ensure their basis physical survival whereas relative poverty exists where individuals have insufficient money to...
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.................................................................................... ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract List of Illustrations Introduction Methodology Literature Review Chapter 1: Chapter 2: Chapter 3: Historical and Cultural Contexts – Defining the 'Mod' and Youth Cultures in Post WWII Britain Americanisation – Music, Motives and Movement The Signs of Style iv v vi ix xi xi xvii xxi xxii xxiv xxvi xxviii xxix xxxii Interpretative Analysis Photography: Music: Fashion Conclusion Bibliography Appendix iii Abstract The purpose of this research study is to identify the signs of masculinity and European influence that dominated aspects of 'Modernist', or Mod, culture and lifestyle. The Mod is a British subculture which developed in the 1960's. The first stage of this study involves introducing the subcultural theories attributed to the Mod character and the basic roles of masculinity. The second stage introduces a proposed framework used as a methodology in interpreting these signs. A particular reference is the use of Roland Barthes 'Camera Lucida' (Barthes 1982). Following from this, a Literature review will discuss the role of key influences from European and American ideologies that impacted on the style and culture of the...
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...Individual Research Report Consumer Behaviour Naveed Mohammed 300765975 Prof. James Quance Business Communications 2 BUSN 733 13 Nov ‘13 ------------------------------------------------- Executive Summary This report discusses consumer behaviour in detail. Consumer behaviour refers to the buying behaviour of individuals and households that buy goods and services for personal consumption. All of these final consumers combine to make up the consumer market. Consumers around the world vary tremendously in age, income, education level and tastes. They also buy an incredible variety of goods and services making both simple and complex purchase decisions every day. The Cultural, Social, Personal and Psychological factors that affect consumer behaviour are discussed in detail. The consumer decision process which consists of Need Recognition, Information Search, Evaluation of Alternatives, Purchase Decision and Post Purchase Behaviour are then studied. A Consumer Analysis follows where questions like “Who buys and uses the product?”, “What consumers buy and how they use it?” and “Why consumers prefer a product?” are answered. A brief conclusion wraps up the report which states how Marketers study consumer behaviour to find answer to most questions that help them design marketing strategies to reach consumers more effectively and build long lasting relationships. Table of Contents Introduction | | 1 | Factors influencing Consumer Behaviour | |...
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...newscasts, news programs, dramas, sitcoms, the list is endless. The Big Bang Theory, The Millers, Law & Order: SVU, and Blue Bloods are all part of the prime time lineup of shows throughout any given week. The Big Bang Theory, airs on CBS and was created by Chuck Lorre and Bill Prady. It is the story of two brilliant physicists that work at CalTech in Pasadena, CA. Leonard Hofstadter and Sheldon Cooper are co-workers, best friends and roommates. Sheldon is “regimented, deeply eccentric, and non-conventional” in his thinking which is a consistent hardship on the relationship between these two friends (“Plot Summary”). They are friends with colleagues Howard Wolowitz, a mechanical engineer, and Rajesh Koothrappali, an Indian immigrant who works as an astrophysicist. The foursome are “self-professed nerds, [with] little or no luck with popular women” (“Plot Summary”). A neighbor, Penny, is of average mind but compared to this brilliant squad she’s made to seem of less than average intelligence. Leonard’s goal is to get Penny to be his girlfriend. Immediately following Big Bang is The Millers created by Greg Garcia and starring Will Arnett. Arnett plays the part of Nathan, a single reporter who has divorced his wife, a secret he’s kept from his parents for several months. His parents pay a visit only to find out about their son’s divorce. After a very brief sadness, Nathan’s parents decide Francis 2 they want a divorce too. Nathan’s mother moves in with him derailing...
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...Sociology of Education Unit 10 What do Marxists say about the education system? Learning targets: • Marxists see that the ruling class or 'bourgeoisie' rule the workers or 'proletariat'. • The bourgeoisie have the wealth and the power to rule. The proletariat are exploited because they are not treated fairly. • Marxists argue that the education system plays a key role in disseminating the ideology of the ruling class. • Education acts as a force of oppression for the children of the working classes Key questions (AO1) What do Marxists believe? (AO1) How do Marxist theories apply to the education system? (AO2) What strengths are there to the Marxist view of education system? (AO2) How have Marxist views been criticised by other writers? Summary of key points Marxists see capitalist society as being ruled by the economy. The minority, the ruling class or 'bourgeoisie' rule the majority, namely the workers or 'proletariat'. The bourgeoisie have the wealth and the power to rule. The proletariat are exploited because they are not treated fairly. This is the basis of class inequality. Institutions such as organised religion, the mass media, the political and the education systems all reinforce the ideology that the rich and powerful should control society. They promote an ideology or belief that our society is fair and just and...
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...1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2.0 PART A: CONSUMER 2.1 The Product, Company and Brand The advertisment show the product of Notebook which the brand is HP. This advertisment was taken from Kosmo newspaper date on 24 March 2016. The Hewlett-Packard Company, commonly referred as HP was an American multinational information technology company headquartered in Palo Alto, California. It developed and provided a wide variety of hardware components as well as software and related services to consumers, small- and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) and large enterprises, including customers in the government, health and education sectors. The company was founded in a one-car garage in Palo Alto by William Bill Redington Hewlett and David Dave Packard, and initially produced a line of electronic test equipment. HP was the world's leading PC manufacturer from 2007 to 2013. It specialized in developing and manufacturing computing, data storage, and networking hardware, designing software and delivering services. Major product lines included personal computing devices, enterprise and industry standard servers, related storage devices, networking products, software and a diverse range of printers and other imaging products. In this advertisment, the notebook model is HP Pavillion 15-ak031TX and HP Pavillion 15-ak032TX is a shopping product which these notebook is a personal computer designed for playing computationally demanding video games. Gaming computers are very similar to conventional...
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...arguments and evidence for the view that childhood is largely a social construction SUMMARY Sociology emphasises the importance of social factors in the creation of human behaviour rather than biological influences. Therefore the question of whether or not childhood is a social construction or a physical category is an important issue because in it lies the essence of the importance of sociology to our understanding of human behaviour. Attitudes towards children in this and other cultures clearly vary; sociology rejects the idea that what is seen as ‘childhood’ is biologically determined. Instead sociologists argue that the way in which ‘children’ are seen to behave is socially created. You will need to suggest a number of reasons for this, using examples both from Britain and from other cultures. It is also important to try to give a balanced view - although the vast majority of sociological writing on this issue supports the idea that childhood is socially created, you should also try to include one or two arguments from the opposing point of view. Assessment points are italicised in bold in each section of text. A OPENING FOCUS: CHILDHOOD AS A SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION 1. Age is a biological fact but it is also a social fact - that is, the way in which a particular age group is seen in any society may vary a great deal. If it can be shown that in different cultures, subcultures and historical periods there are different expectations of ‘childhood’ and the role...
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...Marriage and courtship- 4. Female/male roles (changing or static?) B. Education 1. The role of education in society a. Primary education (quality, levels of development, etc.)- High quality, mostly all public b. Secondary education (quality, levels of development, etc.)- High quality, students tend to start going to private c. Higher education (quality, levels of development, etc.)- High quality, students mostly attend private university 2. Literacy rates- 99%: Men=99.9% Women=99.7% C. Political system 1. Political structure- Constitutional monarchy 2. Political parties- Liberal Democratic Party & Democratic Party of Japan 3. Stability of government- Relatively Stable but high turnover of Prime Ministers 4. Special taxes- Income, Enterprise, Property, Consumption, Vehicle Related, Liquor, Tobacco, Gasoline, and Income Taxes 5. Role of local government D. Legal system 1. Organization of the judiciary system- Summary Courts, District Courts, High Courts, Supreme Court 2. Code, common, socialist, or Islamic-law country? - Code 3. Participation in patents, trademarks, and other conventions E. Social organizations 1. Group behavior- Collective Society 2. Social classes- Emperor, Shogun, Daimyos, Samurai, Farmers, Artisans and Merchants 3. Clubs, other organizations- broad-based training, quality circles, and collective decision-making 4. Race, ethnicity, and subcultures- Subcultures: Cosplay, Gyaru, Lolita fashion, Otaku, Visual Kei F. Business customs...
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...CHAPTER 6 ANALYZING CONSUMER MARKETS LEARNING OBJECTIVES In this chapter, we will address the following questions: 1. How do consumer characteristics influence buying behavior? 2. What major psychological processes influence consumer responses to the marketing program? 3. How do consumers make purchasing decisions? 4. In what ways do consumers stray from a deliberative, rational decision process? CHAPTER SUMMARY 1. Consumer behavior is influenced by three factors: cultural (culture, subculture, and social class), social (reference groups, family, and social roles and statuses), and personal (age, stage in the life cycle, occupation, economic circumstances, lifestyle, personality, and self‐concept). Research into these factors can provide clues to reach and serve consumers more effectively. 2. Four main psychological processes affecting consumer behavior are motivation, perception, learning, and memory. 3. To understand how consumers actually make buying decisions, marketers must identify who makes and has input into the buying decision; people can be initiators, influencers, deciders, buyers, or users. Different marketing campaigns might be targeted to each type of person. 4. The typical buying process consists of the following sequence of events: problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and postpurchase behavior. The marketers’ job is to understand the behavior at each stage. The attitudes of others...
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...IMPACT OF TARGET IN INDIA Prepared for Richard Thomas, CEO Target, Minneapolis, Minnesota Prepared by Bhumi Gandhi Senior Research Consultant Target, Chicago, Illinois November 22, 2013 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Target Corporation has decided to expand their business to India. The study was authorized by the CEO of Target when all other crew of the company approved for expansion business to India. The CEO of Target Corporation requested an evidence to show the positive impact of expansion. Our conclusion that Target will have positive impact in India is based on scholarly articles, cultural books and research. In order to achieve success in India, the company will have to consider these aspects of the culture: * Social customs: Target needs to adapt various cultural, religion and taste preferences. * Family life: Big quantities will be sold much faster as the basic building block of Hindu society is the joint or extended family. * Religion and Folk belief: Religion has a huge impact on the daily life of almost everyone in India. Business have to holidays on holy festivals of India. * Economic Institutions: Employees must get paid a monthly salary. Target has to compete with “Kirana” stores that sell groceries and food to consumers at a low price. On the basis of these findings, it is recommended that Target needs to offer products not only at a lower price but with good customer service. Target Corporation has to avoid selling beef...
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...Consumer Decision Making According to (Consumer decision making process, 2010) Consumer decision making is the process of choosing between two or more alternatives; consumer decision making may be defined as a process of gathering and processing information, evaluating it and selecting the best possible option, goods, services, organizations, people, places, and ideas that will best addressing their current need. Sometimes consumers go through these stages of gathering and processing the information without even realizing that they are going through the processes. (Alet, 2001), states that Consumer behaviour and consumer decision-making have become prominent research topics in the various fields of consumer science in recent years. Consumer Decision Making pertains to making decisions regarding product and service offerings. There are different consumer decision making models such as Bettman's Information Processing Model of Consumer Choice, the Howard-Sheth model of buying behavior, Kotler model and the Nicosia model. The Engel, Kollat & Blackwell (later Miniard) consumer decision making model will be looked at for the purpose of this research. Engel, Kollat & Blackwell (later Miniard) consumer decision making model According to (Sahney, 2005), the Engel, Kollat and Blackwell Model, also referred to as the EKB model was proposed to organize and describe the growing body of knowledge/research concerning consumer behavior. A comprehensive model, it shows the various components...
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...Create-a-Culture Assignment Instructions Objective: In this course, we have discussed numerous aspects of culture that anthropologists study. As we have seen, these aspects of culture are related, and anthropologists often study multiple cultural elements simultaneously to gain a true holistic perspective. In this assignment, you will apply what you have learned about the aspects of culture (and their relationships to one another) to create your own hypothetical culture. Directions: Your paper should be between five and six pages, double-spaced (around 1000 – 1250 words total). You must use either Arial or Times New Roman font in size 12. Your margins should be 1 inch on all sides. If you have questions about how to set these settings, please ask your instructor. The Paper is due via Moodle to me by 11:55 PM on May 2, 2016. It is worth 10% of your course grade. You will submit your paper, to Moodle, prior to or by the stated deadline. The attachment should be one of the following formats: .doc, .docx, .pdf or .pages No other file types will be accepted. Papers submitted after the deadline will be penalized according to the policy outlined in the course syllabus. For this assignment, you will create your own culture. You will design the culture’s history, environment, subsistence approach, political system, and other aspects of social life. The aim of the project is to enable you to think creatively while demonstrating your knowledge of anthropological concepts...
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...within a minute. Please contact us immediately. ( hwminute@gmail.com) Visit Website: http://hwminute.com/ Week One: Ethics and the Criminal Justice Practitioner Details Due Points Objectives 1.1 Explain the importance of ethics to the criminal justice practitioner.1.2 Distinguish between morality, ethics, duties, and values.1.3 Explain common theories related to ethics in criminal justice. 1.4 Analyze ethical decision-making processes. Reading Read the Week One Read Me First. Reading Read Ch. 1 of Justice, Crime, and Ethics. Reading Read Ch. 2 of Justice, Crime, and Ethics. Reading Read Ch. 3 of Justice, Crime, and Ethics. Reading Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. Participation Participate in class discussion. 4 of 7 days 1 Discussion Questions Respond to weekly discussion questions. DQ1 due day 3DQ 2 due day 5 3 Learning Team InstructionsLearning Team Charter Select Learning Team members who work together throughout the course.Create the Learning Team Charter. Day 7 Learning Team InstructionsWeekly Team Review Review the Week One objectives and discuss insights and questions you may have. Learning Team InstructionsEthical Decision-Making Paper (Preparation) Begin working on the Ethical Decision-Making Paper due in Week Two. IndividualEthics Awareness Inventory Complete the Ethics Awareness Inventory (EAI), located on the student website, in preparation for the Week Two...
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...public health perspectives define raves and have studied them over time, focusing on the “pet” sociological concepts each has sought to advance. Our analysis of these literatures reveals important differences in rave research by country and over time. We end by discussing the politics associated with the shift in rave research. Introduction Society has been greatly influenced by many alternative scenes, subcultures, or lifestyles oriented around music, youth and young adults (Epstein 1998). Some of the more notable ones include the English punk scene in the 1970s- 1980s, the U.S. jazz (1930s-1940s) and hippie scenes (1970s), and the 1990s rave scenes in the U.K. and U.S. From them have come musical innovation, social identity, fashion and other aesthetic nuances, and mainstream and alternative cultural production. Increasingly, sociology has used scenes and lifestyles to investigate and clarify many of the discipline’s fundamental concepts and ideas. For example, Becker (1963) used the 1940s U.S. jazz scene to elucidate notions of deviant identity, subculture, and social control. In the U.K., scholars from the Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS) used the English punk...
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