...In response to a diagnosed condition with a poor prognosis, individuals are expected to experience a range of both physical and psychological responses. The stress resulting, can be explained as “the internal process that occurs as people try to adjust to events and situations, especially those that they perceive to be beyond their coping strategies” (Bernstein et al., 2015, p. 103). Whilst the severity of the response is dependent on the individual involved, people often display similar reactions to stressors. In addition, physiological and psychological responses often occur together to form the individual’s response. The psychological responses can be further broken down into behavioural, cognitive and emotional changes. In response to a diagnosis with a poor likely outcome, individuals will likely experience a chain of emotional responses. Initially, the patient may be subjected to fear which may result in ongoing anxiety for the patient. Other common reported feelings due to stressors are anger, depression and irritability. However, in relation to a poor prognosis, individuals can often experience feelings of hopelessness and helplessness. Individuals can act to reduce their emotional stress responses by employing emotion focused coping. Typically this involves “actions that are directed toward decreasing the emotional component of a stress response” (Grivas, Letch, Down,& Carter, 2010, p.599) and may include strategies such as denial, acceptance, distancing and...
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...Describe the emotional and cognitive response an individual is likely to experience in response to a newly diagnosed condition with a poor prognosis. Life is always changing constantly for better or worse, and our brains ability to cope and adapt to physical changes may cause shock and disbelief, when discovering of a newly diagnosed condition with a poor prognosis. I believe our emotional and cognitive response to this matter may affect our personality to be in a negative emotional state, as one of three Hans Eysenck universal traits, neuroticism. –The tendency to experience unpleasant emotions very easily (Sinclair, 2004). In a state of shock, we may not know how to respond at first. We may feel that the world is falling apart and our emotional response can be full of anger and panic, and cause stress, anxiety depression and fear or dying. The psychological effects of our emotions can cause social isolation and loss of self-identity. While trying to understand to the best of our ability what this newly diagnosed condition is exactly, and how it will impact our lives, our cognitive response maybe running through so many questions to furthermore understand what is happening to our body and what our future will hold. Our brain is responsible for actions and emotions and our perception of this will go through different phases until it is accepted. Understanding the likely course and outcome of this condition, it may be very overwhelming and stressful for many but there...
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...The second stage is depression, which is usually a reaction to the diagnosis. The depression is mild to moderate in intensity and needs family support. Only in rare cases is any type of medical therapy required. Duration of depression often can last several weeks to throughout the illness. The goal is to help the person go into the final stage of acceptance. People who feel they are near the end of their life often refuse food and/or water. Changes in emotion and behavior are very common. The changes may include emotional liability, nervousness, restlessness, irritability, fatigue and insomnia. Physical symptoms such as disturbed sleep, impaired appetite, and lack of energy may already exist as a result of the disease. Fear of dying. Although unable to immediately sort out emotions, given time, a person will likely begin to start grieving what the loss will mean to them – lost dreams, lost family, and loss of a cherished friend. * Emotional Responses to Illness * Caring for the Caregivers * Grief * Loneliness and Resentment * Anxiety or Fear * Tiredness * Anger * Sadness * Guilt * Physical...
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...Cancer has an important impact on the lives of many people in Australia. Apart from the non-melanocytic skin cancers, there are up to 80,864 new cases and 34,270 deaths due to the cancer in Australia in 1998. Due to the 1998 rates, it is likely that one of three men and one of four women will be directly affected by cancer by age 75. Cancer is not just a disease, there are many types of cancer. It always start in different kind of places in the body such as the lungs, the breast, the colon, as well as in the blood. Cancers look alike in some ways, but they can be distinctive in the ways they grow and spread. Cancer is the name given to a number of related diseases. In all types of cancer, some of the body’s cells begin to segregate without stopping and spread into the surrounding tissues. Cancer can start almost anywhere in the human body, which is made up of trillions of cells. Ordinarily, human cells grow and divide to form new cells as the body needs them. When cells grow old or become damaged, they die, and new cells take their place. When the cancer develops, however, this systematic process breaks down. As cells become more and more abnormal, old or damaged cells survive when they should die, and new cells form when they are not needed. These extra cells can divide without stopping and may form growths called tumours. Many cancers form solid tumours, which are masses of tissue. Cancers of the blood, such as leukaemias, generally do not form solid tumours. Cancerous tumours...
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...physical, emotional, cognitive and behavioral responses from an individual are likely to experience in response to a newly diagnosed condition with a poor prognosis. Imagine a person newly diagnosed with a poor prognosis and what the person response would be? Prognosis is a medical prediction of the future course of a disease and the chance for recovery.This essay will attempt to discuss responses from four aspects which are physical, emotional, cognitive and behavioral when person diagnosed with a poor prognosis. Essay will identifies response of each aspect and give examples. Identify the most of responses associated with grief. Essay introduces Kubler Ross’s Stage of dying theory and use theory to demonstrate emotional responses. A new diagnosis of life-threatening disease has a broad impact on a person's emotional, cognitive, social, spiritual, and physical well-being (Hill, Muers, Connolly, & Round, 2003) When someone confronts life-threaten illness that exceed coping resources, the reaction from emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and physiological is psychological stress. Responses are dependent on wide range of factors, such as the nature of the stressor, individual's physical and emotional capabilities, life experiences, social environment, coping skills, resources, and so on. (N.A. Kasparian.2013) Physical responses depend on disease such as painful, insomnia, headache, tachycardia, hyperventilation, anorexia, and diarrhea and so on. Other responses come with...
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...Physical, emotional, cognitive and behavioural responses an individual is likely to experience in response to a newly diagnosed condition with a poor prognosis in the 1st week after diagnosis. Receiving a medical diagnosis is stressful. Regardless of the diagnosis, or how the patient perceives it, the patient usually and immediately feels uncertainty: Life may never be the same (McClain, Buchman, 2010). There are physical, emotional, cognitive and behavioural responses a patient is likely to experience in response to a newly diagnosed condition with a poor prognosis. For example; when a patient has been diagnosed with cancer it can be hard for doctors to give prognosis to the patient. It can be hard to understand what the prognosis means and also hard to talk about, even for doctors. Doctor may tell the patient that the cancer is likely to respond well to treatment or may tell the patient that the cancer is harder to control. There are many factors that can affect prognosis; some of the factors that affect prognosis include: the type of cancer and where it is in your body, the stage of the cancer; which refers to the size of the cancer and if it has spread to other part of your body, the cancer’s grade; which refers to how abnormal the cancer cells look under a microscope, your age and how healthy you were before cancer (National Cancer Institute, 2014). The feelings of the diagnosed patient can change from day to day, hour to hour, or even minute to minute (National Cancer...
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...Discuss the physical, emotional, cognitive and behavioural responses an individual likely to experience in response to newly diagnosed condition with poor a prognosis. Consider responses in the first week after diagnosis A newly diagnosed disease with poor prognosis has a large impact on a person’s physical, emotional, cognitive and behavioural (Hill, Muers,Connolly, & Round, 2003). A poor prognosis is the stage for a research of the emotions, spiritual needs and fears in the process of individual’s health condition. To maintain individuals emotional, physical cognitive behavioral responses acts as an important Phenomenon in day to day life (Gonzalez-prendes & Resko, 2012). The aim of this essay is to provide a framework of how people react physically, emotionally, cognitively and behaviorally to a newly diagnosed condition with a poor prognosis especially in the first week. Physical responses of an individual reported Pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, headache, tachycardia, hyperventilation, and poor appetite and had a steady and notable effect on losses in functioning unrelated to patients’ treatments or their disease conditions (Given, B, Given, C., Azzouz, F., & Stommel, M. 2001). Other responses present with the grief. Grief can be outwardly manifested by physical symptoms, like as a globus sensation, angina, painful...
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...HLSC 111 Task 2: Essay Discuss the physical, emotional, cognitive and behavioural responses an individual is likely to experience in response to a newly diagnosed condition with a poor prognosis. An individual’s response to a newly diagnosed condition with a poor prognosis is likely to cause many reactions to occur in the body as a whole. The areas in which an individual may be affected include the physical, emotional, cognitive and behavioural responses in the body. The physical response relates to the body opposed to the mind. Emotional and cognitive responses are the mental processes of understanding through feelings as well as thought (Stevenson 2010). Finally the behavioural response is the manner of how they conduct themselves individually...
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...THE IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL ADVERTISING APPEALS ON CONSUMER IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT MEMORY: AN ACCESSIBILITY/DIAGNOSTICITY PERSPECTIVE Patti Williams The Wharton School University of Pennsylvania May 2000 Rough working draft. Please do not quote without author’s permission. Patti Williams is Assistant Professor of Marketing at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, 1400 Steinberg/Dietrich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Thanks to Carol Scott, Jennifer Aaker, Bob Bjork, Gavan Fitzsimons, Debbie MacInnis and Don Morrison for their generous donations of time and support to my dissertation research, upon which this paper is based. Special thanks to Jennifer for her insight and editing skills in creating this version of the paper. This research was funded in part by the Procter and Gamble Marketing Innovation Fund. Particular thanks to Chris Allen for his efforts in facilitating my relationship with P & G. Abstract Emotional advertisements have a substantial impact on consumer attitudes, as well as upon purchase intentions. However, research on the influence of emotional appeals on memory has been somewhat mixed, with some researchers asserting that they result in poor consumer memory, while others argue that if tested properly, they have a substantial impact. The current research addresses these mixed results by relying on an accessibility/diagnosticity framework to explore the effect of emotions on consumer implicit and explicit memory. Explicit memory performance...
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...acute stress response as it relates to all people who experience trauma or emotional events. The evidence brought forth by this research will define acute stress reaction and acute stress disorder, list the symptoms, and describe the differences between the two. The diagnosing criteria as described by the DSM-IV will be described, as well the history of its inclusion. This study will, also, compare and contrast different available treatments for acute stress disorder and the prevention of the disorder. Finally, a look into the necessary components needed to help people cope with the effects of trauma, will be examined from a professional and spiritual perspective. Keywords: Stress, acute-stress reaction, acute-stress disorder, trauma, treatment, prevention. Acute Stress Response: The Reaction and Disorder When people experience traumatic or emotionally taxing events, there is much to be said concerning what happens when people aren’t treated for the short term and long term effects of these traumatic circumstances. However, in more recent years, evidence points to a series of normal effects of trauma that are, immediately, experienced by all trauma victims. All people experience traumatic events at some point in their lives, but the responses are displayed in different and unique ways “that reflect individual physiological and psychological states” (Yang, Y. et al, 2011, p. 714). The immediate reaction to traumatic events is called acute stress response. “Acute...
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...Conclusion In the systematic analysis of the 23 studies we have highlighted the role of Leventhal’s Common Sense Model (SRM) in the analysis of hereditary / familial cancer and the role of the psycho-social impact on individuals affected by the disease or with high risk for the disease in the screening for hereditary / familial cancer and in the genetic testing and counseling. Thus, we have identified three themes in which we included the analyzed studies: a) identification of the predictors involved in the screening compliance, in the responses to health threats, in emotional distress; b) assessment of the emotional and cognitive impact, of the perceived risk and the perceived disease in genetic testing, of the family history of cancer or...
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...biological aspect of emotion, and that interaction with other areas of psychology including evolutionary, developmental, cognitive and social must also be considered. Finally, it will include ways in which this knowledge can be applied. Watson (1924, cited in Plutchik 1994, p 3) suggests ‘An emotion is a hereditary pattern-reaction involving profound changes of the bodily mechanisms….’ McLean (1963, cited in Plutchik 1994, p3) suggests ‘Emotional feelings guide our behaviour with respect to the two basic life principles of self-preservation and the preservation of the species.’ Arguably, these definitions allude to evolutionary nature and innateness of emotion, but the former refers also to physiological changes. Plutchik (1994) highlights some confusion over what qualifies as an emotion, and suggests that emotions are goal orientated: - emotion fear – goal escape. Lewis, Sullivan, Stanger and Weiss (1989, cited in Slater & Muir, 1999) distinguish between the primary emotions of joy, fear, anger, sadness, disgust and surprise, found in babies, and the secondary emotions of embarrassment, empathy and envy which emerge alongside self-awareness and as a result of increased cognitive capacity. Arguably, this implies that there are developmental and cognitive aspects to emotion. Despite general consensus among psychologists that emotion is a response to stimuli received by the sensory receptors via the thalamus, it is debated whether emotion is triggered by the bodies’...
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...isn’t sustainable and also suggests that consumers will continue to increase their purchases of Fair-trade products despite increasing financials hardship amongst UK consumers. The article invites analysis of how consumer’s desire for ethically sourced products is being tapped into by companies and what is motivating the purchase decisions of these consumers. It also offers an insight into the organic food products market, which has seen sales fall year on year for the last 3 years. This essay illustrates how by applying consumer behaviour theory to the facts reported in the article, understanding of the consumer is greatly improved. The essay will offer analysis of the consumer from three different perspectives; (1) the cognitive consumer, (2) the emotional consumer and (3) the social consumer. A possession as part of the extended self However, first it is important to understand the type of product that will be discussed and how the concept of possessions as the extended self, is crucial to understanding consumer behaviour....
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...occupies center stage in the field of strategic management. Yet the accounts developed thus far—like much of the field’s theory and research more generally—are predicated upon a cold cognition logic that downplays the significance of emotional/affective and nonconscious cognitive processes for strategic adaptation. In this article, we rectify this imbalance by drawing upon contemporary advances in social cognitive neuroscience and neuroeconomics to develop a series of countervailing insights and new prescriptions for the development of dynamic capabilities. Using Teece’s (2007) influential framework to organize and illustrate our arguments, we demonstrate how the fundamental capabilities of sensing, seizing, and transforming each require firms to harness the cognitive and emotional capacities of individuals and groups to blend effortful forms of analysis with the skilled utilization of less deliberative, intuitive processes. Introduction Over the past two decades, a growing body of work has sought to incorporate the insights of human psychology to refine understanding of a wide variety of topics in strategic management, from the evolution of competitive industry structures (Peteraf and Shanley, 1997; Porac et al., 1995) to the nature and sources of cognitive bias in strategic investment decisions (Bateman and Zeithaml, 1989; Schwenk, 1984). Reflecting the field’s shift away from an analysis of the organization’s external environment to a...
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...hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behaviour, negative symptoms; disturbed social cognition and functioning, bizarre behaviour, emotional labiality (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Traditionally treatment and conceptualisation of psychotic symptoms has been more the domain of psychiatry. The use of ‘psychosis’ as a term first emerged towards the end of the 1800’s as a new label for ‘madness’ and as a way of classifying illness of the mind. It wasn’t until the mid 1900’s there was a shift in the perception of psychosis and possible psychological processes contributing to psychotic experiences. Bentall (1993) further supported this by writing about understanding psychotic symptoms based on an individuals’ presenting distress/ difficulties rather than focusing on a medical model of psychosis treatment. Though Aaron Beck in the development of the cognitive approach to emotional disorders did explore the idea of adapting a cognitive model to psychosis in a paper in 1952, “Successful outpatient psychotherapy of a chronic schizophrenic with a delusion based on borrowed guilt”, it hasn’t been until the last few decades, with the expanse and empirical evidence for cognitive behavioural therapy as a treatment mode, and a focus of treatment of clients with psychosis in a community setting, that cognitive approaches in treatment of psychosis have come into their own....
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