...has a poor improving condition. The first stage is disbelief. Most people are shocked that it could happen to them, there is extreme anxiety especially about the medical condition that they are going through.Shock, despair and anger are common. There is also guilt that perhaps the person has done something wrong to receive such a diagnosis.[4] Some individuals use humor as a psychological defense mechanism; others become helpless and often start to bargain. This first stage usually lasts from a few days to many months. The second stage is depression, which is usually a reaction to the diagnosis. The depression is mild to moderate in intensity and needs family support. Only in rare cases is any type of medical therapy required. Duration of depression often can last several weeks to throughout the illness. The goal is to help the person go into the final stage of acceptance. People who feel they are near the end of their life often refuse food and/or water. Changes in emotion and behavior are very common. The changes may include emotional liability, nervousness, restlessness, irritability, fatigue and insomnia. Physical symptoms such as disturbed sleep, impaired appetite, and lack of energy may already exist as a result of the disease. Fear of dying. Although unable to immediately sort out emotions, given time, a person will likely begin to start grieving what the loss will mean to them – lost dreams, lost family, and loss of a cherished friend. * Emotional Responses...
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...Cancer has an important impact on the lives of many people in Australia. Apart from the non-melanocytic skin cancers, there are up to 80,864 new cases and 34,270 deaths due to the cancer in Australia in 1998. Due to the 1998 rates, it is likely that one of three men and one of four women will be directly affected by cancer by age 75. Cancer is not just a disease, there are many types of cancer. It always start in different kind of places in the body such as the lungs, the breast, the colon, as well as in the blood. Cancers look alike in some ways, but they can be distinctive in the ways they grow and spread. Cancer is the name given to a number of related diseases. In all types of cancer, some of the body’s cells begin to segregate without stopping and spread into the surrounding tissues. Cancer can start almost anywhere in the human body, which is made up of trillions of cells. Ordinarily, human cells grow and divide to form new cells as the body needs them. When cells grow old or become damaged, they die, and new cells take their place. When the cancer develops, however, this systematic process breaks down. As cells become more and more abnormal, old or damaged cells survive when they should die, and new cells form when they are not needed. These extra cells can divide without stopping and may form growths called tumours. Many cancers form solid tumours, which are masses of tissue. Cancers of the blood, such as leukaemias, generally do not form solid tumours. Cancerous tumours...
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...Discuss the physical, emotional, cognitive and behavioural responses an individual likely to experience in response to newly diagnosed condition with poor a prognosis. Consider responses in the first week after diagnosis A newly diagnosed disease with poor prognosis has a large impact on a person’s physical, emotional, cognitive and behavioural (Hill, Muers,Connolly, & Round, 2003). A poor prognosis is the stage for a research of the emotions, spiritual needs and fears in the process of individual’s health condition. To maintain individuals emotional, physical cognitive behavioral responses acts as an important Phenomenon in day to day life (Gonzalez-prendes & Resko, 2012). The aim of this essay is to provide a framework of how people react physically, emotionally, cognitively and behaviorally to a newly diagnosed condition with a poor prognosis especially in the first week. Physical responses of an individual reported Pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, headache, tachycardia, hyperventilation, and poor appetite and had a steady and notable effect on losses in functioning unrelated to patients’ treatments or their disease conditions (Given, B, Given, C., Azzouz, F., & Stommel, M. 2001). Other responses present with the grief. Grief can be outwardly manifested by physical symptoms, like as a globus sensation, angina, painful...
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...Physical, emotional, cognitive and behavioural responses an individual is likely to experience in response to a newly diagnosed condition with a poor prognosis in the 1st week after diagnosis. Receiving a medical diagnosis is stressful. Regardless of the diagnosis, or how the patient perceives it, the patient usually and immediately feels uncertainty: Life may never be the same (McClain, Buchman, 2010). There are physical, emotional, cognitive and behavioural responses a patient is likely to experience in response to a newly diagnosed condition with a poor prognosis. For example; when a patient has been diagnosed with cancer it can be hard for doctors to give prognosis to the patient. It can be hard to understand what the prognosis means and also hard to talk about, even for doctors. Doctor may tell the patient that the cancer is likely to respond well to treatment or may tell the patient that the cancer is harder to control. There are many factors that can affect prognosis; some of the factors that affect prognosis include: the type of cancer and where it is in your body, the stage of the cancer; which refers to the size of the cancer and if it has spread to other part of your body, the cancer’s grade; which refers to how abnormal the cancer cells look under a microscope, your age and how healthy you were before cancer (National Cancer Institute, 2014). The feelings of the diagnosed patient can change from day to day, hour to hour, or even minute to minute (National Cancer...
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...HLSC 111 Task 2: Essay Discuss the physical, emotional, cognitive and behavioural responses an individual is likely to experience in response to a newly diagnosed condition with a poor prognosis. An individual’s response to a newly diagnosed condition with a poor prognosis is likely to cause many reactions to occur in the body as a whole. The areas in which an individual may be affected include the physical, emotional, cognitive and behavioural responses in the body. The physical response relates to the body opposed to the mind. Emotional and cognitive responses are the mental processes of understanding through feelings as well as thought (Stevenson 2010). Finally the behavioural response is the manner of how they conduct themselves individually...
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...Describe the emotional and cognitive responses an individual is likely to experience in response to a newly diagnosed condition with a poor prognosis (400 words) Psychosocial reaction to a newly diagnosed illness refers to a set of cognitive and emotional responses that are induced into every ill person by the illness or related information that they receive (John, 2009) . While cognition refers to processes such memory, attention, language, problem solving and planning emotional responses are the reactions of the body to a situation primarily given by an outer influence such anger, frustration and disbelief(John, 2009). After being diagnosed with a condition a person is most likely to experience a series of mixed emotions such as shock as well as be psychologically unstable. In this essay, the emotional and cognitive responses will be discussed while referring to patients who have just been diagnosed with a condition that has a poor prognosis. For may people the first few weeks after diagnosis are very stressful. Shock is the most likey first emotional reaction to be experienced by a patient. Stephanchunk, Zhirkov and Yakovelva (20130 discuss that nobody is ever ready to hear that they have condition that has a less chance of getting better. It is normal for people to react in this manner, to wonder why it happened to them or to think that life has treated them unfairly. They may not even believe the diagnosis, especially if they do not feel sick. Adding on a person will...
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...Being diagnosed with a poor prognosis can cause a various experience and a range of emotions. However, people have to manage these feelings to live a fulfilling life. There are many emotional and cognitive responses which an individual may face after knowing about the diagnosed disease and its prognosis. It is a very difficult situation for the individual and the family. In addition, the individual’s mentally gets changed after knowing his condition. The individual must try to overcome those feelings and remain strong to fight with the diagnosed disease. Emotional roller coaster feeling is a very common feeling in an individual’s life. Diagnosis of the disease can bring flood of emotions. Along with emotional disorder, grief is another common reaction to the illness. The people may experience various stages of grief including denial, bargaining, anger and sadness. The person may feel that he/she is on a roller coaster of emotions such as accepting one day and angry the next (Picci, Oliva, Trivelli, Carezana, Zuffranieri, Ostacoli, & ... Lala, 2015). In these situations, it is important to surround yourself with positive and supportive people and try to find small things that you can enjoy every day. Cognitive response includes stress. Stress is a feeling you have when you face a situation you think you cannot manage. You can feel anxious, irritable, forgetful, sleepless and unable to cope. There are many effects of stress i.e. emotional problems such as anxiety, depression...
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...Discuss the physical, emotional, cognitive and behavioral responses an individual is likely to experience in response to a newly diagnosed condition with a poor prognosis. Definitions: Physical: of body: relating to the body, rather than to the mind, the soul, or the feelings Cognitive: 1.concerned with acquisition (gaining) of knowledge: relating to the process of acquiring knowledge by the use of reasoning, intuition, or perception. Relating to thought processes. The interpretation of stimuli and the organization of thoughts and ideas. Emotional: a state of feeling. -a conscious mental reaction (as anger or fear) subjectively experienced as strong feeling usually directed toward a specific object and typically accompanied by physiological and behavioral changes in the body (merriam webster) Behavioral: 1.way somebody behaves: the way in which somebody behaves Research: -Psychological responses of terminally ill patients who are experiencing suffering: A qualitative study According to leading theories, suffering is dependent on the threats that the patient perceives and the resources the patient uses to respond to such threats. Previously published reports have identified the occurrence of a terminal disease as a period of multiple threats that can generate intense suffering. Examples of such suffering include pain and other symptoms (Heath et al., 2010, Jurado-Martín et al., 2010, Abraham et al., 2006 and Lorenz et al., 2006), the progressive dependence...
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...Lauren Otto Student Number: 49208934 PYC4802 Assignment 3 Unique Assignment number: 668049 17 June 2015 Plagiarism Declaration 1. I know that plagiarism is wrong. Plagiarism is using another’s work and pretending that it is one’s own work. 2. I have used the American Psychological Association (APA) as the convention for citation and referencing. Each significant contribution to, and quotation in, this assignment from the work, or works of other people has been attributed and has been cited and referenced. 3. This assignment is my own work. 4. I have not allowed, and will not allow, anyone to copy my work with the intention of passing it off as his or her own work. 5. I acknowledge that copying someone else’s assignment, or part of it, is wrong, and declare that this assignment is my own work. NAME: Lauren Otto DATE: 17/06/2015 MODULE CODE: PYC4802 ASSIGNMENT: Assignment 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE: LIVING POSITIVELY WITH A SCHIZOPHRENIA DIAGNOSIS PAGE 1 INTRODUCTION 4 2 DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA 5 3 POSITIVE SYMPTOMS 5 3.1 Delusions 5 3.2 Hallucinations 6 3.3 Disorganised Speech 6 3.4 Grossly disorganised or catatonic behaviour 6 3 NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS 7 4.5 Flat affect 7 4.6 Avolition 7 4.7 Alogia 7 4 AETIOLOGY 8 5 SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND SELF HARM 13 6 COMORBIDITY ...
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...for the mental illness; however, diagnostic tools such as the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) reveal the variations of the psychiatric disorder. This essay will explore and focus on one specific subtype of the mental illness. Paranoid Schizophrenia. According to T.Davies and T.Craig (2009, p45), Paranoid Schizophrenia is one of the most common subtypes of the psychotic illness which affects the individuals variation of emotion, thinking and behaviour. Through extensive research, this essay will uncover the definition of paranoid schizophrenia, its manifestations and possible causes. Key issues such as symptoms, epidemiology, prevalence, co-morbidity, prognosis, treatment and interventions will also be critically reviewed and discussed. Lastly, this essay will also analyse guidelines, policies and regulations that influence interventions and the effects of paranoid schizophrenia on the individual, their families, carers and friends. There are various subtypes of schizophrenia such as undifferentiated, residual, simple, other and unspecified schizophrenia with the three most common being Paranoid, Hebephrenic and Catatonic Schizophrenia (C.Gamble and G.Brenan 2006, p100). Prior to the diagnosis of schizophrenia and/or its...
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...Traumatic head Injury is the most common cause of death and disability in the UK (National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE), 2014) and is the world’s leading cause of morbidity and mortality of those under the age of 45 (Wilson, 2011). A head injury has an impact in epidemiological and economic terms as well as loss in quality of life (Mar et al. 2011). Approximately 700,000 people per year in England and Wales attend an emergency department for head injury, with almost half being the result of falls (NICE, 2007 & Clinical Knowledge Summary, 2009). The vast majority of patients (90%) will have minor head injuries (Vos et al. 2012) and be discharged, however many patients will need to be admitted for definitive care and treatment. The most common cause of head injury is from falls, assaults and road traffic accidents (Department of Health, 2001 & NICE, 2007) with 70-88% of those head injuries occurring in the male population (Dolan & Holt, 2013). This essay aims to explore the physiological and psychosocial impact of sustaining a head injury. This will include normal physiology of the brain, along with the altered physiology and signs and symptoms as a result of the injury. Advanced interpersonal skills required by the nurse to care for the patient or their family will also be examined. To achieve this, the author will analyse and evaluate types of head injury and their classification, whilst also considering the social and psychological consequences...
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...Explanations and Treatment of Abnormal Behaviour Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a type of abnormal psychology. Abnormality can be defined in three ways as a deviation from statistical norm, a deviation from the social norms and cultural relativism. However there are problems with defining abnormalities in terms of a system that relies on subjective judgment of a person’s behaviour. For example, someone experiencing hallucinations in Puerto Rico would be attributed to external forces (e.g. Spiritual visitations). However in the western world, the same hallucinations would be considered abnormal (Berry et al 1992). Mental Disorders are classified today by using, The Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) criteria 295.40 (Schizophrenia), and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision(IDC-10) are used to aid in the psychiatric diagnosis of the disorder. Introduction The term ‘Schizophrenia’ was first used in 1911 by Swiss psychiatrist, Eugen Bleuler, and literally means ‘split mind’. He used the term to describe a general class of disorders that are characterised by a number of similar symptoms. These were: * Disorganised thought processes. * A split between intellect and emotion. * A split between intellect and external reality Schizophrenia typically begins in early adulthood; between the ages of 15 and 25. Men tend to get develop schizophrenia somewhat earlier than women; whereas most males...
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... 3 Diagnostic criteria 4 Aetiology 11 Differential diagnosis 14 Comorbodity 16 Prevalence 16 Prevention and Treatment 17 Prognosis 18 Multicultural factors 19 Social factors 19 Conclusion 20 References 21 Stupid Slow Stubborn A tiny fragment of words used, labels for children and people with specific learning disorders. If only they understood Introduction The most basic definition of a specific learning disorder/disability according to Gould (2005) cited in Rörich (2008) is when a learner has an average to above average intelligence, with normal vision and hearing, and receives the same teaching experiences as other learners his age. He, however, underachieves. He is unable to keep up with his peers and generally cannot cope with the demands of the school (pp16). Margari (2013) defines SLD’s as that which are characterizations of academic functioning that are below the level that would be expected given their age, Intelligent Quotient and grade level in school, and interfere significantly with academic performances or daily life activities that require reading, writing or calculation skills. The gist of it, is that specific learning disorders are neurodevelopmental/cognitive disorders that Hulme and Snowling (2009,pp22) define as “typically characterized by slow rates of development, either in specific domain (specific learning disabilities such as dyslexia...
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...------------------------------------------------- Somatoform disorder From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Somatoform disorder | Classification and external resources | ICD-10 | F45 | ICD-9 | 300.8 | DiseasesDB | 1645 | eMedicine | med/3527 | MeSH | D013001 | In psychology, a somatoform disorder is a mental disorder characterized by physical symptoms that suggest physical illness or injury – symptoms that cannot be explained fully by a general medical condition, direct effect of a substance, or attributable to another mental disorder (e.g. panic disorder).[1] The symptoms that result from a somatoform disorder are due to mental factors. In people who have a somatoform disorder, medical test results are either normal or do not explain the person's symptoms. Patients with this disorder often become worried about their health because the doctors are unable to find a cause for their health problems. This causes severe stress, due to preoccupations with the disorder that portrays an exaggerated belief about the severity of the disorder. [2]Symptoms are sometimes similar to those of other illnesses and may last for several years. Usually, the symptoms begin appearing during adolescence, and patients are diagnosed before the age of 25 years. [3] Somatoform disorders are not the result of conscious malingering (fabricating or exaggerating symptoms for secondary motives) or factitious disorders (deliberately producing, feigning, or exaggerating symptoms) – sufferers...
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...Psychotraumatology Institute Introduction to the Theoretical Model The Psych traumatology Evaluation approach to this client’s evaluation and therapy has been successfully used to treat Anxiety Disorders. 2 In this case study, the client has Post Traumatic Stress Disorder [PTSD]; which is one of the most complex mental health diagnosis on the IC10 scale in the Anxiety Disorder category. This case study presents the lead clinicians application of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and (CBT) methodology. The application of the CBT model called Rational Emotional Behavioural Therapy (REBT) will be applied. 3 The client’ has a history of substance misuse disorder, separate but included with his post traumatic stress disorder the acronym (PTSD) will be used thereafter, this is the second component of his “dual diagnosis disorder”. REBT is an effective behavioural therapy model for addressing the developmental history model of addictions (drug and alcohol) treatment; and Psychodynamic Therapy aspect of counselling theory and practical application. In REBT, the application of the Psychoanalytic method, the client’s historical awareness of his potentially progressive disease and its distortions in thinking [denial] is addressed through the application of ABC’s of irrational thinking. 4 The lead clinician will assist the client with an REBT problem self-assessment; and application of the Model mental health chemical dependency treatment. 5 In this case...
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