...true FISP and 3d FLASH sequences was 15 ml/lt. Ten patients underwent conventional enteroclysis with 1.5 lt of 20% barium sulfate enema and 22.5 ml of gadolinium. MR Enteroclysis was performed afterwards using true FISP, fat suppressed 3d FLASH and fat suppressed HASTE sequences. In all patients the proposed contrast medium acted as positive in 3d FLASH (T1w), true FISP (T2/T1 w) and as a negative in HASTE (T2w). In conclusion, a 20% barium sulfate enema with 15 ml/lt gadolinium is appropriate for conventional and MR Enteroclysis studies. Keywords: MRI, contrast medium, gadolinium, Crohn's disease, Enteroclysis Text Introduction Fast and ultrafast sequences, high performance gradient coils and dedicated abdominal phased array coils resulted in significant improvement in MR Imaging of the small bowel (SB). Resent reports indicated that MRI may be clinically useful for anatomic demonstration, identification and characterization of SB abnormalities, providing information from the bowel lumen - wall and the mesenteries (1-8). However, there is no consensus on the optimum sequences that should be used for SB imaging or on the appropriate contrast media for lumen opacification. In the present study different gadolinium concentrations within a 20%...
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...They also had a long history of running at least 5 to 20 years. Before the competition started there were three runners that presented normal lateral menisci. There was eight grade I lesions; four grade II and three grade III lesions. “One participant who underwent resection of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus 15 years previously and presented with a graded IIIB lesion of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus in the other knee. After running there was no signal alteration that graded differently from the initial findings”. The MRI scans of those participants that were healthy before the race with no previous muscle injuries, after the marathon the MRI scans proved that no negative long-term-effects were experienced. In contrast, those that previously had high-grade lesions of the menisci, after the marathon might be at risk of greater injury of the knee, like osteoarthritis. W. Krampla, R. Mayrhofer, J. Malcher, K.H.Kristen, M.Urban, W.Hruby. MR imaging of the knee in marathon Runners before and after compeition. March 2001, volume 30, issue, pp...
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...WELCOME HELIODISPLAY DILIP LAZAR EC-7A R.NO-17 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION REAR PROJECTION WORKING HELIOCAST INTERACTIVITY MODELS FEATURES SPECIFICATIONS PRICING FOG SCREEN PERSPECTA ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS APPLICATIONS CONCLUSION REFERENCES INTRODUCTION INTERACTIVE PLANAR DISPLAY DEVELOPED BY CHAD DYNER PRODUCED & MARKETED BY IO2 TECHNOLOGIES REAR PROJECTION In-camera special effects technique in film production Widely used for many years in driving scenes TECHNIQUE Actors stand in front of a screen A projector positioned behind the screen casts a reversed image of the background A major advance over rear projection is FRONT PROJECTION Examples James Cameron - Aliens Austin Powers film series WORKING Projects images onto a screen of microscopic particles. Microdroplets 1-10 microns in diameter. Optical tracking system for monitoring hand movements. WORKING contnd System creates a dynamic, non-solid particle cloud by ejecting atomized condensate A heliodisplay runs on particles present in the air Particles in the air are converted into nearly atom-sized particles, and are re-emitted upward Held together by surface tension and form a cloud Changing the molecular properties-qualities of the image, like brightness and sharpness, can also be changed HELIOCAST INTERACTIVITY When the Heliodisplay is connected to a PC using a standard USB cable, and with the supplied IO2 Heliocast software installed, you can use your...
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...Phase Contrast Microscopy Phase Contrast Microscopy, first described in 1934 by Dutch physicist Frits Zernike, is a contrast-enhancing optical technique that can be utilized to produce high-contrast images of transparent specimens, such as living cells (usually in culture), microorganisms, thin tissue slices, lithographic patterns, fibers, latex dispersions, glass fragments, and subcellular particles (including nuclei and other organelles). In effect, the phase contrast technique employs an optical mechanism to translate minute variations in phase into corresponding changes in amplitude, which can be visualized as differences in image contrast. One of the major advantages of phase contrast microscopy is that living cells can be examined in their natural state without previously being killed, fixed, and stained. As a result, the dynamics of ongoing biological processes can be observed and recorded in high contrast with sharp clarity of minute specimen detail. The phase-plate increases the phase difference to half a wavelength. Destructive interference between the two sorts of light when the image is projected results in the specimen appearing as a dark object. The phase contrast microscope uses the fact that the light passing through a transparent part of the specimen travels slower and, due to this is shifted compared to the uninfluenced light. This difference in phase is not visible to the human eye. However, the change in phase can be increased to half a wavelength by a transparent...
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...Public Relations Tactics. Review the public relations communications instruments in Chapter 10, such as news releases, brochures, and broadcast media. Select an organization, and compare and contrast the strengths and limitations of two instruments used by the organization. Which tactic is least effective and why? Which tactic is most effective and why? Synthesize the course materials and other research to support your response. Respond substantively to at least two of your classmates’ postings. CGD 318 Week 3 DQ 2 Public Relations Tactics Purchase here http://chosecourses.com/CGD%20318/cgd-318-week-3-dq-2-public-relations-tactics Description Public Relations Tactics. Review the public relations communications instruments in Chapter 10, such as news releases, brochures, and broadcast media. Select an organization, and compare and contrast the strengths and limitations of two instruments used by the organization. Which tactic is least effective and why? Which tactic is most effective and why? Synthesize the course materials and other research to support your response. Respond substantively to at least two of your classmates’ postings. CGD 318 Week 3 DQ 2 Public Relations Tactics Purchase here http://chosecourses.com/CGD%20318/cgd-318-week-3-dq-2-public-relations-tactics Description Public Relations Tactics. Review the public relations communications instruments in Chapter 10, such as news releases, brochures...
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...In the following I am going to analyze how staring works and how the disabled body is portrayed and perceived in this photograph and the ones we discussed in class. Photography authorizes staring and enables partial communication between the sitter and the viewer. In the photograph “Mexican dwarf in his hotel room in N.Y.C. 1970” you can see a man sitting on a bed. He is naked besides a towel around his hips, a hat and a mustache. His left arm leans casually on the bedside table, next to a bottle of alcohol and he is looking directly in the camera. He seems laddish, cool even macho-like or patronizing because of his facial expression and body language. There is a stress on his disability because one can see his feet under the towel and therefore assess his stunted growth, other than that he is portrayed as the typical Mexican womanizer. The sitter does not seem to be embarrassed of his disability. He wants to polarize and display that he can “get all the ladies”. Therefore he seeks to be stared at and to communicate with the viewer. Staring works for me as a tool to communicate with him and to get to know his story. I do not feel ashamed of staring or pity for him but rather invited to stare. On may 5th we were presented several portraits. The portraits of burn survivors from the “State of Grace” series seem to make us feel watched because they are looking directly in the camera as if they want to tell us their story, similar to the “Mexican dwarf”. However, you can only...
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...What is Communication Communicating with others seem so simple yet too often the message we were trying to get across gets lost and causes misunderstanding, frustrations and conflicts. Communication skills are important when collaborating on projects, providing care to our patients, participating in business situation and just speaking to others in general. In the article written Barbra Brown, she writes, “Communication is the process of sharing information, thoughts and feelings between people through speaking, writing or body language.” There has been much research done on communication and most conclude that effective communication is more than just an exchange of words, but the atmosphere or climate also plays a role. Defensive vs Supportive Communication Climate Communication climate becomes defensive when people feel their social images or personal integrity is under attack. Jack Gibb, a researcher of group communication, identified six communication strategies that produce defensiveness and a complementary set of strategies that can be more supportive. In a supportive environment, each member is valued and appreciated. In a defensive climate, members tear each other down and violate the ethical principle. (Galanes & Adams, 2013). In the video clip “Gibbs Supportive and Defensive Climates,” based upon Jack Gibbs communication strategies, Dr. Zakel, states that most of us become defensive when we feel threatened and we will react in one or two ways: we will...
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...A. This essay aims to prove why interpersonal communication is an important skill to have and how organization can train employees and managers to use these skills within the workplace. Additionally, the essay will address the benefits of how managers can improve team communication and the results the improvements have towards teams communicating. B. The dynamic structure between the individuals that shapes and manages the advancement and activities of the general population. The correspondence arranges and not formal composed systems. The accomplishment of element authoritative structures, for example, collapsible companies is contrarily identified with the amount and nature of correspondence between individuals around the globe. Correspondence...
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...Ineffective Communication Effective communication is important in both personal and business aspects of our lives, particularly as ineffective communication can create short- and long-term hostilities and decreased work productivity. We often don’t think about the process of communicating while we are doing it, but paying closer attention to how you both send and receive information can eliminate problems and improve relationships. The objective of this paper is to compare and contrast two communication experiences, one in which that I felt I communicated with another individual or group which will be called “communication experience 1”, and the second being an ineffective poor communication experience with an individual or group which will be called “communication experience two”. Communication Experience 1 Effective communication is important because it affects practically every aspect of organizational behavior. For example, members of an organization are likely to come to understand each other’s personalities, attitudes, and values only when they communicate effectively with one another. Likewise, employees are motivated to perform at a high level when someone communicates clearly what is expected of them and expresses confidence in their ability to perform. Finally, leaders can influence and persuade their followers only when effective communication takes place. I use to work as a front desk clerk for a gym. As an employee I demonstrated effective verbal communication skills...
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...Compare and Contrast Paper Ray Sweeney CMJ 306 October 4, 2012 Don Crist Abstract In the following paper, this author will compare and contrast the communication lessons learned in the assigned reading and movie. This author will discuss the successes and failures that can be created by effective communication or the lack thereof. Compare and Contrast Paper Effective communication is key to successful leadership. According to Schroeder and Lombardo (2006), there are ten principles for effective communication. They are; know your objectives, choose your language, consider your environment, rehearse, know your spoken and unspoken message, role play, feedback, hypocrisy, don’t over communicate and listen (p. 99). All of the were used by President Lincoln (Phillips 1993). A leader must be able to use all of the above steps in order to communicate an effective message and get the end results he or she wants. President Lincoln was a very effective communicator and felt that his communication style was key to his successes. Lincoln could talk to anyone using humor and witty stories, which he used as persuasive tools (p. 399). In comparison to Mandela in the movie Invictus (2009), Lincoln used his persuasive, yet honest communication style to win the election in 1860. Mandela was elected as President in 1990 after being incarcerated for 26 years and pledged an oath to unite the people of South Africa. Lincoln’s style was a bit different during...
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...Chapter 3 Learning Objectives 1. Define Communication-is the act of transmitting information. communication Definition-Two-way process of reaching mutual understanding, in which participants not only exchange (encode-decode) information, news, ideas and feelings but also create and share meaning. In general, communication is a means of connecting people or places. In business, it is a key function of management--an organization cannot operate without communication between levels, departments and employees. 2. Describe the interpersonal communication process. Interpersonal communication occurs between individuals. It is an interactive process that involves a person’s effort to attain meaning and respond to it. It involves sending and receiving verbal and nonverbal messages. information management Definition-Application of management techniques to collect information, communicate it within and outside the organization, and process it to enable managers to make quicker and better decisions. 3. Describe the 3 factors that influences perception. -The receiver: Our personal characteristics influence how we interpret an observation we have just made. -The target of perception: A person’s physical features and appearance such as her or his weight, height, race, age group, clothes, physical attractiveness or gender affect what we perceive. -The situation in which the perception takes place: It provides the perceiver with addition information in interpreting the...
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...patients in their language, how important is it to find a translator? Whose problem is it, the health care provider’s or the patient’s? Why? HLT 324V Week 2 Family Interview – Compare and Contrast Cultures Paper Family Roles and Organization, Work Attitudes, and Communication It is important to identify and understand your own family culture in order to be able to understand and respect other cultures. Interview a family member, and an individual from another culture with which you are unfamiliar. Some examples of an individual from another culture to consider for the assignment include a neighbor, coworker, patient, or friend. Please inform the individuals of the purpose of this assignment and make sure you receive their consent. Interviews: Review the “Family Interview” template prior to the interview. Additional space is designated on the template for you to create three additional questions to ask both interviewees (family member and person from another culture). Additional questions should be relevant to the readings or discussion and should provide value to the interview by helping to understand culture. Some of the questions may include: 1. Family beliefs: Have they changed over generations? 2. Educational and occupational status in the culture and in the family 3. Communication methods: verbal and nonverbal 4. Current family...
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...Although interpersonal communication can encompass oral, written, and nonverbal forms of communication, the term is usually applied to spoken communication that takes place between two or more individuals on a personal, face-to-face level. Some of the types of interpersonal communication that are commonly used within a business organization include staff meetings, formal project discussions, employee performance reviews, and informal chats. Interpersonal communication with those outside of the business organization can take a variety of forms as well, including client meetings, employment interviews, or sales visits. In order to understand the principles of effective interpersonal communication, it is helpful to look at the basic process of communication. The basic process of communication begins when a fact is observed or an idea formulated by one person. That person (the sender) decides to translate the observation into a message, and then transmits the message through some communication medium to another person (the receiver). The receiver then must interpret the message and provide feedback to the sender indicating that the message has been understood and appropriate action taken. Unfortunately, errors can be introduced during any phase of the communication process. For example, misunderstandings can occur when the sender does not possess a clear idea of the message he or she is trying to communicate, or has a clear idea but is not able to express it well. Errors in...
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...Theories of Gender Communication Harding, S. (1991). Whose science? Whose knowledge? Thinking from women’s lives. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Kramarae, C. (1981). Women and men speaking. Rowley, MA: Newbury House. Tannen, D. (1990). You just don’t understand. New York: Ballantine. Genderlect Theory – Deborah Tannen Tannen believes that the best way to describe communication between the genders is in a cross-cultural format. Women use rapport talk to establish meaningful connection with others, while men use report talk to gain status in relation to others. Because women and men use language differently, Tannen suggests they are speaking different dialects, or genderlects. The goal of genderlect theory is to acknowledge and appreciate the language of the opposite sex and achieve mutual respect and understanding. (Semiotic and socio-cultural traditions) Genderlect theory is evaluated on the back of this page. |Tenet |Clarification | | | | |Why We Communicate: Women seek connection, men seek status. |Women engage in communication to build and maintain relationships with | | |others. By contrast, men are more...
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...Effective communication is the most important ingredient in any type of interpersonal relationship. Whether the relationship succeeds or fails depends largely on the ability of the individuals involved to create a positive communication environment. Is a positive communication environment only the result of fate bringing two soul mates together? Are certain types of personalities just not meant to interact with other certain types? I believe, for the sake of any of my future relationships, that a positive communication environment is not left up to chance, but is created by applying certain principles and strategies. A communication environment is not defined by the activities that individuals participate in while spending time together, but by the emotional tone that is set during that time. According to Adler and Rodman (2012), “A climate doesn’t involve specific activities as much as the way people feel about each other as they carry out those activities” (p. 237). It is important to realize that the emotions expressed in a relationship are a precursor for either a negative or positive outcome. Showing positive emotions, such as; love, compassion, and understanding will only produce a healthy communication environment. Whereas, acting judgmental and showing disdain or contempt will most likely speed the decline of a healthy relationship. Whether I like it or not, a communication environment will begin to develop the moment I start communicating with another person either...
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