...Introduction Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Conversions Telecommunications relies on the transmission of data through different mediums such as a telephone, radio, television, among others. These transmissions are done through two signal types, which are analog and digital. Analog is the first type of transmission type because it is the older and has been around for a lot longer than digital. On the other hand, even though digital transmission is a younger generation, it is currently use in more devices than analog. Each signal has its advantages and disadvantages, but in most scenarios, both need to work together to create an effective transmission. Technologies that convert analog into digital and vice-versa have been created for this purpose. Converting the signals allows for a more cohesive environment because each can be adjusted to work on devices or mediums not made for them originally. The next part of this paper covers the technologies use to convert these signals. Analog to Digital Conversion In order for this conversion to take place, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is necessary. This component is essential because it is responsible for receiving the analog signal as input and sending a digital signal as output. The ADC receives an analog signal such as sound, voice, or voltage and transforms that signal into a binary output. This output is the digital signal that has a state of either on, which is represented by 1 or an off state represented by 0...
Words: 1049 - Pages: 5
...Running Head: ANALOG AND DIGITAL COMPARISON 1 Analog and Digital Comparison Gerardo Maya 01/28/13 NTC/362 Ron Bowell ANALOG AND DIGITAL COMPARISON 2 Analog and Digital Comparison The improvements in technology have impacted people’s everyday lives immensely. Particularly, in the manner those individuals communicate. Telecommunications has seen a vast change over the years that can date back to when the telegraph was invented by Samuel F.B. Morse in 1832. In order for there to be successful communication two specifications must be fulfilled. First is the transmitter and receiver must understand each other. The second requirement is the ability to identify errors while they’re in occurrence and have a solution to fix the errors. Communication is carried by data devices through transmission lines; transmission lines come in the form of circuits, channels, lines, trunks, and virtual circuits. The two forms of transmission are analog and digital transmission. Analog transmission is the traditional form of sending and receiving signals in telecommunications. Analog signals are in the form of waves that are composed of amplitude and frequency. Analog transmissions are sent along single channels. Before the introduction of digital transmission, analog transmission was used for radio, television, and telephones. Analog transmission duplicates the sound or image from where it was sent. Voice signals are transmitted as sound waves;...
Words: 937 - Pages: 4
...| Analog and Digital Comparison | NTC/362 Fundamentals in Networking | EDWARD BROWN | Jose Giralt | 3/18/2013 | | A signal is simply the transmission of data from one place to another place. In our day to day life we deal with various signals constantly like signals from music, power lines, telephones, and cellular devices. Analog and digital are two kinds of signals which are used for the transmission of information from source to destination. Usually the information to be transmitted from one place to another is either audio or video. This information signal is then transformed into those signals which can be transmitted via different channels. For the analog format, the data is transformed into electrical pulses with varying amplitude while for the digital format; the data is transformed into binary format representing two amplitudes. We have various such equipment like analog or digital phones, fax machines, modems, clocks, watches etc. Analog technology is the older one and has been used for decades. It is cheap too but the problem with analog signals is that there is a limitation on the size of the data that can be transmitted at any given point of time. With the advent of digital technology many improvements and new techniques have been introduced. Now days almost every appliance or equipment is based on digital technology. In this, the transmitter translate the data into binary form and the receiver re assemble and produces the...
Words: 2433 - Pages: 10
...Analog and Digital Comparison Paper Amanda Dyer, Derick Campos, Jesse Ford, Mehran Gerami, Nicolas Monteiro, Wendell Taylor NTC/362 October 15, 2015 Richard Swafford, Jr. Analog and Digital Technology: A Comparison Analog and digital are two different types of signals used to transmit audio or visual information from one place to another. Analog signals are continuous, meaning that there are no breaks or interruptions and digital signals are not continuous, they use specific values to represent information (Strickland, 2008). Analog transmissions are sent via electronic pulses of varying amplitude, while digital transmissions are converted into binary format to represent two individual amplitudes. Analog is cheap and has been used quite some time now, but the biggest issue with analog signals is the limitation of data that can be transmitted. Nowadays almost all equipment being produced is digital based. Analog to digital conversions or A/D conversions is the process of changing a continuous variable signal to a multi-level signal without altering the vital contents or the information or data. A prime example of a telecommunication that uses this form of conversion is a telephone modem. Voice communications vary in range and are not in binary form, so these analog signals must be translated into digital signals. Digital to analog conversions or DAC is the conversion of binary code to analog signal. In order words, signals having few defined levels or states are...
Words: 1984 - Pages: 8
...Analog and Digital Comparison Learning Team D: Juan C. Godinez, Luke Wade, Jonathan Selinksi NCT/362 March 16th, 2015 Richard Bohn Analog and Digital Comparison Data, media, networking and transfer technology has evolved immensely throughout the years. When it comes to transmissions, two prerequisites must be satisfied to have successful communication. The first prerequisite is understandability. The transmitter and receiver must speak the same language. The second prerequisite is the capability to detect errors as they occur and to have some procedure for resolving those errors. (Goleniewski, L., 2007). Picture this similar to the different languages people can speak all over the world. Without proper translation and understanding, the conversation is pointless; this analogy is similar for analog and digital transmissions. Beginning with an analog signal, which is a continuous variable along amplitude and frequency. Analog circuits need to have a defined frequency band in which it operates. Different modulation schemes can vary the speed in which they operate, the quality of wire they require, the immunity to noise, and their overall complexity. The variety of modulation schemes in existence can be a disadvantage as this means many incompatibilities can exist within a single application. Such modulations include: * Amplitude modulation (AM) - modem relies on amplitude and associates high amplitude/zeros with low amplitude. Amplitude modulation can be demodulated...
Words: 1120 - Pages: 5
...Analog and Digital Comparison Technologies for analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversions There is no actual all analog or all digital telecommunications going on technologically today (Goleniewsk & Wilson Jarrett, 2007, Chapter Chapter 1, Analog Versus Digital Transmission). One day, developers hope to make the network 100% digital. Connecting to the internet or just making a call to your mother two states over is a mixture of both when it comes to communicating from one terminal to the next. That being said, it takes codecs and modems for a successful conversion to occur. Say you are calling another state from a land line. This call will start out analog at your telephone and then must be converted to digital. When you pick your phone up, it connects to a codec. Your voice can range from 100Hz to 10,000Hz depending on many factors. The average Hz a phone company will allot is 4,000 which works for virtually all people. Codec is short for coder-decoder and it works by minimizing the amount of bits per second that will carry the voice to the multiplexer. In the case of a cellular network, the data will have to be compressed even further so that the most efficient transmission can occur. The codec will then transfer the data to a multiplexer. This particular multiplexer is a TDM (time division multiplexer). This will allow for one channel to be open at a time. This does make sense since it would not be good to take over a phone line once it is being...
Words: 1772 - Pages: 8
...Syllabus College of Information Systems & Technology NTC/362 Version 1 Fundamentals of Networking Copyright © 2013 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course provides a foundation in the basic telecommunications and networking technologies fundamental to the industry and to the broad field of telecommunications. Analog, digital, and radio frequency technologies are covered. Also covered in this course is an introduction to the OSI protocol model, network-switching systems, basics of wireless communications, and network security. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: · University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. · Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Goleniewski, L. (2007). Telecommunications essentials. (2nd ed.) Boston, MA: Pearson. Panko, R. R., & Panko, J. L. (2011). Business data networks and telecommunication (8th ed.) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall All electronic materials...
Words: 2225 - Pages: 9
...Analog and Digital Comparison Paper Team A NTC/362 Dr. Jose Gotay November 11, 2014 An analog signal is a moving nonstop amplitude and frequency line. A good example of an analog signal is when a person is talking on a cell phone, when the person speaks into the microphone on the cell phone the pressure from the mouth is stored in the phone and creates a current. The rise and fall of the current is the analog voice pattern signal. The digital signal is less complex than the analog signal; because the digital signal uses binary code or zero and one bits to transmit signals. Analog transmissions can be converted into digital transmissions and vice versa. Conversions are made possible by codecs and modems. Codecs combine analog-to-digital conversion and digital-to-analog conversion. Some codecs are able to reduce the amount of bits per second that are required for voice to be transmitted digitally. Compression is required when converting cell phone networks and video communications because of the limited spectrum and channels (Goleniewski & Jarret, 2007). A modem controls analog signals to encode digital data and demodulates the signal to decode the information sent. An analog signal works with computers to transform the digital data into electrical signals through a telephone channel and then demodulate the signals back into digital data. However, conversions have been known to cause malfunctions in the network so it is best to...
Words: 544 - Pages: 3
...DTH vs Digital Cable TV Comparison: Which One is Better? As a consumer, you should choose your service provider wisely which will benefit you in the long run. The cable TV arrived few decades ago and replaced TV Antennaswhen they were used for receiving the television transmission. The cable TV operators offered many channels and the set up includes huge dish shaped antennas that are placed on top of the cable operator’s office or house. Customers were able to get a connection by paying a deposit and a monthly subscription charges. This set up includes the laying of cables through narrow streets and pathways alongside buildings. Any disruption to service due to rain or other reason led to poor signals transmission. Around 90 million television analog signals in India will have to be converted into digital signals in four phases as per the Cable Television Networks (CTN) Amendment Bill 2011. India's four metros - Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata - will replace all analog television networks with digital transmission from July 1, 2012. After this, the target will be 38 cities with a population above 10 lakh each and finally the rest of India. This has led to a rush between multi-system operators (MSOs) and DTH operators, to grab business opportunities and acquire a large subscriber base. With digitization of cable services, cable operators need to carry only digitized signals. An STB for decoding in digital format is required to get these digitized signals. Cable operators...
Words: 1903 - Pages: 8
...|[pic] |Course Syllabus | | |College of Information Systems & Technology | | |NTC/362 Version 1 | | |Fundamentals of Networking | Copyright © 2013 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course provides a foundation in the basic telecommunications and networking technologies fundamental to the industry and to the broad field of telecommunications. Analog, digital, and radio frequency technologies are covered. Also covered in this course is an introduction to the OSI protocol model, network-switching systems, basics of wireless communications, and network security. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at...
Words: 2455 - Pages: 10
...Analog and Digital Comparison Paper Current technology utilizes many different types of transmission cable such as fiber optics, coaxial cable, and twisted pair copper wire. These different types of cables use different communications techniques that maximize their efficiency. For instance, fiber optics can carry digital signals over long distances without amplification or repeaters required. Copper wire, on the other hand, carrying analog signals requiring amplification and noise corrections along the way in much shorter intervals. The result is there is a mix of transmission lines that require special software and equipment such as codecs and modems to convert and move data from one point to another. Codecs and Modems The most common form of analog to digital conversions uses multiplex devices and coder-decoder devices otherwise known as codecs. These programs receive analog signals from sine waves such as audio communications and code them as digital signals. These signals then travel to other locations with codec or modem devices that decode or decompress the data back to analog signals. Digital devices use modems or combinations of codecs and modems to modulate the data signals to analog signals to travel to other modems for demodulation back to digital data. The codec is “software that is used to compress or decompress a digital media file, such as a song or video” (Microsoft, 2014). This process is the same in telecommunications systems, which consist of the encoder...
Words: 2307 - Pages: 10
...Analog and Digital Comparison Paper Current technology utilizes many different types of transmission cable such as fiber optics, coaxial cable, and twisted pair copper wire. These different types of cables use different communications techniques that maximize their efficiency. For instance, fiber optics can carry digital signals over long distances without amplification or repeaters required. Copper wire, on the other hand, carrying analog signals requiring amplification and noise corrections along the way in much shorter intervals. The result is there is a mix of transmission lines that require special software and equipment such as codecs and modems to convert and move data from one point to another. Codecs and Modems The most common form of analog to digital conversions uses multiplex devices and coder-decoder devices otherwise known as codecs. These programs receive analog signals from sine waves such as audio communications and code them as digital signals. These signals then travel to other locations with codec or modem devices that decode or decompress the data back to analog signals. Digital devices use modems or combinations of codecs and modems to modulate the data signals to analog signals to travel to other modems for demodulation back to digital data. The codec is “software that is used to compress or decompress a digital media file, such as a song or video” (Microsoft, 2014). This process is the same in telecommunications systems, which consist of the encoder...
Words: 2307 - Pages: 10
...comprise the chief financial officer and chief executive officer as well as the leaders of the firm’s principal business functions and units. Strategy TI is aware that its customers depend on the company to assist them innovate and get to market first. The company, therefore, drive toward flawless implementation to deliver software, differentiated products, and support they need, whenever they need them. The firm actively engages with its customers and learns as much that it can about their needs in order to generate new, innovative products for their future applications on a constant basis. 3.1.2. Components of Strategy Corporate Mission Texas Instruments seeks to change the world “one chip at a time.” The company’s mission is to create analog and embedded processing products for power electronics across every industry. The company has interwoven integrity, commitment, and innovation throughout the fabric of its history in order to create and assist to make the world safer, smarter, more fun, greener, and healthier (Nishi &Doering, 2000). The firm considers integrity as its cornerstone, innovation its lifeblood and organizational commitment as its promise. Organization Culture Ethics is a foundation at the company and has been for the previous 80 years. The company has an inclusive culture, which focusses on what individuals bring to the table and what they can do for the company. The company’s performance culture...
Words: 1731 - Pages: 7
...Trend Student Name University Name Professor Name 06/20/2010 There is a new trend that has taken the networking technology to the next level. It all started in the 90’s looking for a less expensive way to make phone calls across the world. Both residential and commercial customers have been looking for a cheaper way to make local and international calls. This new revolution is called Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). If I had to put this in plain terms, this technology allows voice traffic to be transmitted over the Internet. VoIP is a new application of Internet Protocols (IP) that enables the conversion of voice communications into data packets and then these packets are transmitted via an IP network such as the Internet. “VoIP services convert your voice into a digital signal that travels over the Internet”. (fcc.gov) Similar to using your analog phone system and going through a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), now you will be using a digital phone and going through the Internet. All you need to get the ball rolling and to be part of this new trend is a decent Internet connection at home and you could say goodbye to that plain old analog telephone line forever. Most cable companies are offering service bundles that include cable television, Internet access and telephone services. These companies are transitioning from the telephone analog system to the VoIP systems. A lot of costumers are switching over to VoIP for the simple reason of saving money. VoIP...
Words: 3242 - Pages: 13
...sampling without switch bootstrapping and extra reset voltage. Furthermore, a dual-supply voltage scheme allows the SAR logic to operate at 0.4 V, reducing the overall power consumption of the ADC by 15% without any loss in performance. The ADC was fabricated in 0.13- m CMOS. In dual-supply mode (1.0 V for analog and 0.4 V for digital), the ADC consumes 53 nW at a sampling rate of 1 kS/s and achieves the ENOB of 9.1 bits. The leakage power constitutes 25% of the 53-nW total power. Index Terms—ADC, analog-to-digital conversion, leakage power consumption, low-power electronics, medical implant devices, successive approximation. I. INTRODUCTION EDICAL implant devices, such as pacemakers and implantable cardiac defibrillators, target increasingly advanced signal acquisition and signal processing systems. Such devices, which are to be implanted in the human body, require extremely low power consumption in order to operate up to 10 years or more [1]. Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are among the most critical and power hungry components of medical implant devices for measurements of various electrophysiological signals (DC to a few kHz [2]). Conversion of the low-frequency analog signals does not need high speed, but requires ultra-low-power operation (e.g., in nW...
Words: 5927 - Pages: 24
