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Components of Physical Aptitude

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La aptitud física es la capacidad de funcionar de manera eficaz a lo largo de su jornada laboral, realizar sus actividades habituales y otras actividades, y todavía tener suficiente energía de sobra para manejar cualquier tensión extra, o emergencias que puedan surgir.
Los componentes de la aptitud física son:
* Salud cardiovascular o Resistencia cardiorespiratoria – es la eficacia con la que el cuerpo proporciona oxígeno y nutrientes necesarios para la actividad muscular y transporta los productos de desecho de las células. El sistema cardiovascular, que también se conoce como sistema circulatorio, incluye el corazón y los vasos sanguíneos. Muchos problemas pueden surgir de la salud cardiovascular pobres. Las enfermedades del corazón (que es la principal causa de muerte en varios países del mundo), el bloqueo de las arterias, la presión arterial alta, los ataques al corazón, las embolias y los derrames cerebrales son todos los problemas cardiovasculares más importantes. Para estar en buena forma física, una persona debe mantener un suministro estable de oxígeno a los órganos a través del sistema circulatorio.

* Fuerza muscular – esto se refiere a la cantidad de fuerza que un músculo es capaz de ejercer en contra de una cantidad notable de resistencia. Los músculos del cuerpo son responsables de los movimientos. La fuerza muscular puede ser construida por los ejercicios de resistencia que van a formar masa muscular y la fuerza global del cuerpo. Los músculos fuertes ayudan al cuerpo a realizar actividades extenuantes la mayor cantidad de fuerza de un músculo o grupo muscular puede ejercer en un solo esfuerzo.

* Resistencia muscular – la resistencia muscular es la capacidad de mantener una actividad muscular durante un período de tiempo marcado. La resistencia muscular pobre puede dificultar las tareas simples como caminar trayectos largos o subir una escalera.

* Flexibilidad – la capacidad de mover las articulaciones o cualquier grupo de articulaciones a través de todo un, rango normal de movimiento. Esto se refiere a la capacidad de una persona para mover sus músculos y articulaciones a su rango máximo de movimiento. Cuando los músculos no se estiran se vuelven rígidos y atrofiados.

* La composición corporal – el porcentaje de grasa corporal que una persona tiene en relación a su masa corporal total. Es decir, se refiere a la ración de grasa y tejido sin grasa en el cuerpo. El exceso de grasa en el cuerpo conduce a muchas enfermedades y problemas de salud que pueden ser no sólo pueden provocar dificultades, sino que pueden ser fatales

La mejora de los tres primeros componentes de la aptitud antes mencionados tendrá un impacto positivo en la composición corporal y se traducirá en menos grasa. El exceso de grasa corporal sea contraria a la aptitud de otros componentes, reduce el rendimiento, la resta de la apariencia, y afecta negativamente a su salud.
Factores tales como la velocidad, agilidad, fuerza muscular, coordinación ojo-mano, y la coordinación ojo-pie se clasifican como componentes de “motor” de capacidad o aptitud. Estos factores afectan a la mayoría de su habilidad atlética. Una formación apropiada puede mejorar estos factores dentro de los límites de su potencial. Una pérdida de peso razonable y un programa de capacidad o aptitud busca mejorar o mantener todos los componentes de la aptitud física y de motor a través del sonido, progresivo, la misión específica de entrenamiento físico.
Principios de Ejercicio
La adhesión a ciertos principios básicos ejercicio es importante para el desarrollo de un programa efectivo. Los mismos principios de ejercicio que afecte a todos en todos los niveles de entrenamiento físico, de la atleta olímpica calibre a los fines de semana corredor.
Estos principios básicos del ejercicio se deben seguir.
Regularidad
Para lograr un efecto de formación, que debe ejercer a menudo. Usted debe ejercer cada uno de los cuatro primeros componentes de la aptitud, al menos, tres veces a la semana. Infrecuente ejercicio puede hacer más daño que bien. También es importante la regularidad en el descanso, para dormir, y después de una dieta razonable.
Progresión
La intensidad (lo difícil) y / o la duración (cuánto tiempo), de debe aumentar gradualmente el ejercicio para mejorar el nivel de aptitud.
Saldo
Para ser eficaz, debe incluir un programa de actividades que se ocupan de todos los componentes de la aptitud, ya que exageran cualquiera de ellos pueden dañar a los demás.
Variedades
Proporcionar una variedad de actividades reduce el aburrimiento y aumenta la motivación y el progreso.
Especificidad
La formación debe estar orientada hacia objetivos específicos. Por ejemplo, las personas a convertirse en mejores corredores si su formación se hace hincapié en ejecución. Aunque la natación es un gran ejercicio, que no mejora a 2 millas de tiempo de ejecución tanto como hace un programa en ejecución.
Recuperación
Un duro día de entrenamiento para un determinado componente de la aptitud debe ser seguido por una jornada de formación, más fácil o día de descanso para que los componentes y / o grupo muscular (s) para ayudar a permitir la recuperación. Otra manera de permitir la recuperación es alternar los grupos musculares ejerce cada dos días, especialmente cuando la formación de la fuerza y / o resistencia muscular.
Sobrecarga
La carga de trabajo de cada sesión de ejercicio debe ser superior a la normal de la demanda a la entidad a fin de lograr un efecto de formación.

Colegio De La Salle Bayamón, Puerto Rico

Cinco componentes de la aptitud física

Nailette Marie Robles Hidalgo
12B #25
Educación Física
Sr. Jorge Gay

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