...Railroad Classification Yard Guylee Washington Coastal Pines College February 25, 2015 Railroad Classification Yard Do you know what a railroad classification yard consist of? In railroad freight transportation, shipments are consolidated to benefit from economies of scale. Railroad classification yards, also called shunting yards, play an important role as consolidation nodes in rail freight networks. At classification yards, inbound trains are disassembled and the railcars are sorted blocks. Through this procedure, railcars can be routed through the network in a series of blocks moving on trains in such a way that every destination pair can be served while avoiding a large number of end-to-end connections. Due to the complexity of terminal operations, computer simulation offers a flexible and credible technique to identify more opportunities for yard performance improvements. However, the use of simulation technique to model terminal operations is not a common practice in freight railroads. Throughout this report I will be explaining key factors that depicts the typical operations in a railroad hump yard and performance measurements that are used to gauge the efficiency of yard operations. In North America, railroad classification yards are classified into two main types: hump yards and flat yards. Did you know that “More than half of the hump yards in North America have closed in the past 25 years? From 152 operating classification yards in 1975, the number dropped...
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...IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 7, Issue 4, No 2, July 2010 ISSN (Online): 1694‐0784 ISSN (Print): 1694‐0814 18 An Improved k-Nearest Neighbor Classification Using Genetic Algorithm N. Suguna1, and Dr. K. Thanushkodi2 1 Professor in Computer Science and Engg, Akshaya College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. 2 Director, Akshaya College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. Abstract k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) is one of the most popular algorithms for pattern recognition. Many researchers have found that the KNN algorithm accomplishes very good performance in their experiments on different data sets. The traditional KNN text classification algorithm has three limitations: (i) calculation complexity due to the usage of all the training samples for classification, (ii) the performance is solely dependent on the training set, and (iii) there is no weight difference between samples. To overcome these limitations, an improved version of KNN is proposed in this paper. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is combined with KNN to improve its classification performance. Instead of considering all the training samples and taking k-neighbors, the GA is employed to take k-neighbors straightaway and then calculate the distance to classify the test samples. Before classification, initially the reduced feature set is received from a novel method based on Rough set theory hybrid with Bee Colony Optimization...
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...Kaggle dataset re- in which each regressor is learned through gradient boostleased as a part of an ICML-2013 workshop on representation ing. This approach is robust to geometric and photometric learning. We found that classification using features extracted transformations, and showed less than 5% error on the LFPW manually from facial images using principal component anal- dataset. ysis yielded on average 40% classification accuracy. Using fea- The facial landmarks (eyes, eyebrows, nose, mouth) are intutures extracted by facial landmark detection, we received on itively the most expressive features in a face, and could also average 52% classification accuracy. However, when we used serve as good features for emotion classification. a convolutional neural network, we received 65% classification accuracy. 1.3 1 Support vector machines are widely used in classification problems, and is an optimization problem that can be solved in its dual form, Introduction Detecting facial expressions is an area of research within computer vision that has been studied extensively, using many different approaches. In the past, work on facial image analysis concerned robust detection and identification of individuals [5]. More recently, work has expanded into classification of faces based on features extracted from facial data, as done in [6], and using more complex systems like convolutional neural networks, as done in [1] and [2]. In our project, we...
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...Library System 1. INTRODUCTION Ramon Magsaysay Technological University shall be a leading people’s university of science and technology for sustainable development in global society. CORE VALUES R- ighteous, results-based and responsible governance M- oral courage, integrity and honesty T- ransparency, trust and respect for self and others U- nity in diversity and being one the community BRIEF HISTORY The Ramon Magsaysay Technological University, a merger of three public education institutions in the province of Zambales, was established by virtue of Republic Act 8498 enacted on February 12, 1998 through the initiative of Antonio M. Diaz. The University Charter integrated the former Ramon Magsaysay Polytechnic College (RMPC) in Iba, the Western Luzon Agricultural College (WLAC) in San Marcelino, an the Candelaria School of Fisheries (CSF), after a three-year transition period. The strengths of its parents-institutions, which had existed since the early 1990s served RMTU’s springboard for its accelerated growth and development. The RMPC in 1998, which is now RMTU’s main Campus, was found as a farm school in 1910. It was converted into a provincial trade in 1919. Through the years, it metamorphosed into Zambales Trade School on 1993., Western Luzon School of Arts and Trades in 1953, Zambales Scool of Arts and Trades in 1957, Ramon Magsaysay Memorial School of Arts and Trades in 1961. It became a DECS supervised College (RMPC) in 1993 and chartered state...
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...Bloom's Taxonomy is a classification of learning objectives within education proposed in 1956 by a committee of educators chaired by Benjamin who also edited the first volume of the standard text, Taxonomy of educational objectives: the classification of educational goals[1] (referred to as simply "the Handbook" below). Although named for Bloom, the publication followed a series of conferences from 1949 to 1953, which were designed to improve communication between educators on the design of curricula and examinations.[2] [3] It refers to a classification of the different objectives that educators set for students (learning objectives). Bloom's Taxonomy divides educational objectives into three "domains": Cognitive, Affective, and Psychomotor (sometimes loosely described as knowing/head, feeling/heart and doing/hands respectively). Within the domains, learning at the higher levels is dependent on having attained prerequisite knowledge and skills at lower levels.[4] A goal of Bloom's Taxonomy is to motivate educators to focus on all three domains, creating a more holistic form of education.[1] A revised version of the taxonomy was created in 2000.[5] [6] [7] Bloom's Taxonomy is considered to be a foundational and essential element within the education community as evidenced in the 1981 survey significant writings that have influenced the curriculum: 1906-1981, by H.G. Shane and the 1994 yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education. 1. 2. ^ a b c d Bloom...
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...Asset Identification & Asset Classification 1. What is the purpose of identifying IT assets and inventory? i. To help identify areas of potential risks. 2. What is the purpose of an asset classification? ii. To evaluate the health of the company by examining how well each of the company’s assets are performing. 3. For the scenario you picked, give three (3) examples of customer privacy data elements. (HIPAA) iii. Names iv. Medical records v. Health plan beneficiary numbers 4. Why is your organization’s website classification minor nut its e-commerce server considered critical for your scenario? vi. Because it presents a smaller threat while the e-commerce server is more valuable to the organization. 5. Why would you classify customer privacy data and intellectual property assets as critical? vii. They are valuable assets to the organization and possess value to the organization. 6. What are some examples of security controls for recent compliance law requirements? viii. Sarbanes-Oxley Act – To certify the accuracy of financial information. ix. Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act – Information from children under the age of 13. 7. How can a Data Classification Standard help with asset classification? x. Classifying data helps prevent vulnerability to sensitive data. 8. How can you minimize leakage of customer privacy data through the public internet? xi. Gramm-Leach-Bliley...
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...UNIT 1- CAR BODY DETAILS Cars can come in a large variety of different body styles. Some are still in production, while others are of historical interest only. These styles are largely (though not completely) independent of a car's classification in terms of price, size and intended broad market; the same car model might be available in multiple body styles (or model ranges). For some of the following terms, especially relating to four-wheel drive / SUV models and minivan / MPV models, the distinction between body style and classification is particularly narrow. Please note that while each body style has a historical and technical definition, in common usage such definitions are often blurred. Over time, the common usage of each term evolves. For example, people often call 4-passenger sport coupés a "sports car", while purists will insist that a sports car by definition is limited to two-place vehicles. Body work In automotive engineering, the bodywork of an automobile is the structure which protects: ⦁ The occupants ⦁ Any other payload ⦁ The mechanical components. In vehicles with a separate frame or chassis, the term bodywork is normally applied to only the non-structural panels, including doors and other movable panels, but it may also be used more generally to include the structural components which support the mechanical components. Construction There are three main types of automotive bodywork: ⦁ The first automobiles were designs...
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...Journal of Business Venturing 27 (2012) 266–290 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Business Venturing International entrepreneurship research in emerging economies: A critical review and research agenda Andreea N. Kiss a,⁎, Wade M. Danis b, 1, S. Tamer Cavusgil c, 2 a b c Global Economics and Management Department Faculty of Economics and Business University of Groningen, 800 Postbus, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands Peter B. Gustavson School of Business, University of Victoria, P.O. BOX 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC Canada V8W 2Y2 J. Mack Robinson College of Business, Institute of International Business, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 3989, Atlanta, GA 30303-3989, USA a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t This article systematically reviews and critically examines international entrepreneurship research in emerging economies (IEEE research), and articulates its importance, timeliness and relevance in consideration of the growing influence of emerging markets in the global economy. A systematic analysis of eighty-eight journal articles published over the last two decades reveals that IEEE research is a vibrant and rapidly growing stream of the broader international entrepreneurship (IE) domain, and that it is methodologically and topically diverse. Our review also shows that IEEE research has a limited presence in premier journals, is highly skewed in its geographic coverage, and is somewhat fragmented. We therefore inventory...
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...Globalization Has Increased Poverty Although the concept of globalization is very recent, it has existed throughout the history. Globalization began to take greater height from the Industrial Revolution 200 years ago in England which was the most developed countries in the world. Technological and political changes have changed the meaning of globalization. Today, the term globalization is defined as “the process enabling financial and investment markets to operate internationally, largely as a result of deregulation and improved communications. It is the social, political and economic integration that comes with the increased flow of trade, people, capital, and ideas” (Steger). The purpose of this essay is to show how globalization has increased poverty and affected some countries and people’s lives. While many people argue that globalization has reduced poverty; others, has disagree because there are facts that show clearly how the rate of poverty has increased. According to Sachs, Professor of Health Policy and Management at Columbia University, poverty is the result of “low productivity per worker, which reflects poor health, lack of job-market skills, patchiness of infrastructure (roads, power plants, utility lines, shipping ports), and chronic malnutrition” (Sachs). In many countries, the economic situation is going from bad to worse. Poverty has been rising steadily “from 21% in 1984 to 40% in 2002” (Nissanke). Sachs said that every day more than 20 000 die of dire...
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...How to grow Without faster growth the rich world’s economies will be stuck. But what can be done to achieve it? Our economics team sets out the options Oct 7th 2010 WHAT will tomorrow’s historians see as the defining economic trend of the early 21st century? There are plenty of potential candidates, from the remaking of finance in the wake of the crash of 2008 to the explosion of sovereign debt. But the list will almost certainly be topped by the dramatic shift in global economic heft. Ten years ago rich countries dominated the world economy, contributing around two-thirds of global GDP after allowing for differences in purchasing power. Since then that share has fallen to just over half. In another decade it could be down to 40%. The bulk of global output will be produced in the emerging world. The pace of the shift testifies to these countries’ success. Thanks to globalisation and good policies, virtually all developing countries are catching up with their richer peers. In 2002-08 more than 85% of developing economies grew faster than America’s, compared with less than a third between 1960 and 2000, and virtually none in the century before that. This “rise of the rest” is a remarkable achievement, bringing with it unprecedented improvements in living standards for the majority of people on the planet. But there is another, less happy, explanation for the rapid shift in the global centre of economic gravity: the lack of growth in the big rich economies of America...
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...The problems faced by Developing Countries This is my essay on the problems faced by developing countries. A developing country is a poor country faced by many problems like Civil War, drought, famine and lots of diseases including Cholera and Typhoid. One of the problems is civil war. Civil war is a war between two areas of a country fighting for leadership. During a civil war many people are wounded or die. Children as young as 5 years old are made to fight in the war and some children are separated from their families. The government spend their money on weapons to help the country to fight. The money to pay for the weapons has to be borrowed from richer countries. This sometimes puts the government into debt, therefore they don’t have enough money to spend on building new schools and improving the health care in the communities. Drought and famine are another two problems for developing countries. Drought occurs when there is a shortage of rain water resulting in no clean drinking water. Famine is when there is not enough food for everyone. Famine is sometimes caused by drought because there is no water to help the crops grow, therefore there is a shortage of food. Unfortunately they do not have the resources to overcome the consequences of famine and drought which can result in dehydration, starvation and premature deaths. Cash crops are crops which farmers grow to sell to other countries to make money to buy food and clothing for their families. Some examples...
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...In E-Commerce systems, like online shops, there is a need to present a variety of products to online customers. These products can be unrelated like food and books, or related in a hierarchical classification structure. The product information needs to be organized in a way that enables the customer to do searches, matches, and comparisons between different products based on some common product attributes. The common solution for this is to represent all products in a store in a catalog, either in a print format, or in case of online store, an electronic catalog. To simplify the catalog building process and customer browsing of a catalog, products are often classified into categories where similar products that share common attributes are in one broad category. An example would be footwear, where each product in this category shares some common attributes like size, material, color, gender (male, female, or children), and then can have more specialized sub-categories like sports footwear. Another example would be an appliances category where all have more specialized sub-categories like sports footwear. Products share common attributes as an operating voltage, color, energy consumption, dimensions (height, width and length), and further have some special sub-categories like refrigerators. An online store would be interested with categorizing its products to be able to add new products efficiently, as it would only need to add the new product to its sub-category...
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...A game of catch-up The shift in economic power from West to East is accelerating, says John O’Sullivan. The rich world will lose some of its privileges Sep 24th 2011 | from the print edition * * QUARRY BANK MILL is a handsome five-storey brick building set in the valley of the river Bollin at Styal, a small English village a few miles south of Manchester. It was built in 1784 by Samuel Greg, a merchant, who found profit in supplying cotton thread to Lancashire’s weavers. The raw cotton shipped from America’s slave plantations was processed on the latest machinery, Richard Arkwright’s water frame. Later Greg extended the factory and installed coal-fired steam engines to add to the water power from the Bollin. All this gave a huge boost to productivity. In 1700 a spinster with a pedal-driven spinning wheel might take 200 hours to produce a pound of yarn. By the 1820s it would take her around an hour. Greg’s mill was part of a revolution in industry that would profoundly alter the world’s pecking order. The new technologies—labour-saving inventions, factory production, engines powered by fossil fuels—spread to other parts of western Europe and later to America. The early industrialisers (along with a few late developers, such as Japan) were able to lock in and build on their lead in technology and living standards. The “great divergence” between the West and the rest lasted for two centuries. The mill at Styal, once one of the world’s largest, has become a museum...
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...Characteristics of LDCs Exports of Primary Goods: The primary and agricultural products are the main exports of these countries. The international trade. For example the main exports products of Pakistan are rice, cotton yarn, fish and garments etc. Capital Deficiency: The deficiency of capital in an important feature of developing countries. Therefore they are often called capital poor economies. The shortage of capital is reflected in the very low capital labour ratio in these countries. Over Dependence on Agriculture: 68% population in Pakistan is living in 46,894 villages, back-ward agriculture is the major occupation of the population. Agriculture sector is back ward due to old and traditional methods of cultivation. In-efficient farmers, tack of credit facilities, unorganized agriculture market etc. 66.7% population is directly or indirectly depending on agriculture sector in Pakistan. Natural Resources: Mostly there is shortage of natural resources in developing nations and this is also a cause of their economic backwardness. In various poor countries natural resources are available but they remain un- utilized under-utilized and miss- utilized due to capital shortage, less efficiency of labour, lack of skill and knowledge and limited home market. Out Flow of Best Brain: The brilliant and brightest students of developing countries go to developed countries for higher education. After completing their education, they do not want to come back in their own country due to...
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...The 20 factors indicating whether an individual is an employee or an independent contractor are: 1. Instructions. An employee must comply with instructions about when, where, and how to work. Even if no instructions are given, the control factor is present if the employer has the right to control how the work results are achieved. 2. Training. An employee may be trained to perform services in a particular manner. Independent contractors ordinarily use their own methods and receive no training from the purchasers of their services. 3. Integration. An employee's services are usually integrated into the business operations because the services are important to the success or continuation of the business. This shows that the employee is subject to direction and control. 4. Services rendered personally. An employee renders services personally. This shows that the employer is interested in the methods as well as the results. 5. Hiring assistants. An employee works for an employer who hires, supervises, and pays workers. An independent contractor can hire, supervise, and pay assistants under a contract that requires him or her to provide materials and labor and to be responsible only for the result. 6. Continuing relationship. An employee generally has a continuing relationship with an employer. A continuing relationship may exist even if work is performed at recurring although irregular intervals. 7. Set hours of work. An employee usually has set hours of work established by...
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