...Labor Relations Labor management relations has become one of the most delicate and complex problems of modern industrial society. Labor management progress is impossible without cooperation of labors and harmonious relationships. Therefore, it is in the interest of all to create and maintain good relations between employees (labor) and employers (management). The term ‘Labor management Relations’ comprises of two terms: ‘Labor’ and ‘Relations’. “Labor” refers to “any productive activity in which an individual (or a group of individuals) is (are) engaged”. By “relations” we mean “the relationships that exist within the industry between the employer and his workmen.” The term labor management relations explains the relationship between employees and management which stem directly or indirectly from union-employer relationship. Background Information Our history of industrial relations is one of oppression from the owner’s/employers’ part. Our industrial relations date back to the 60’s of the 18th century when rail lines were established here for the first time. The workers had to endure colonial suppression and the employers main concern was their own profits-not the workers well being. Laborers were treated as animals. Any sort of objection raised on part of the labors could be faced with death in the hands of the owners. Reflections of this trend are still visible in contemporary Bangladesh. The labour law system is more than a century old in Bangladesh. The first labour...
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...Unionization; Private Employment Centres and Fees for Licences; Sympathy Strikes; Performance of National Tripartite Committee and Incentives for Employers of Persons with Disability should come out after three years after Act 651 was passed. "Let someone raise it in Parliament for the Labour Ministry to wake up and let the Press discuss it," Mr Aryitey said, at the annual one-week extra mural School, organized by the Institute of Adult Education (IAE) of the University of Ghana. The School, which is attracting participants from a cross-section of Ghanaians from among Academia; Politicians; Trade Unions and District Assemblies, is examining Ghana's political, economic and political performance, after 50 years of independence, on the broad theme: "Ghana at 50, Achievements, Challenges and the Future." Mr Aryitey noted a high incidence of strikes since independence in almost every Government. He said the Labour Act brought great hopes of a harmonious industrial relations atmosphere, but no sooner had it been passed that strikes surfaced again. He called for...
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...Contents List of Maps v List of Acronyms vi Abstract vii Chapter 1: Research Context and Setting 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Theoretical Framework 6 1.2.1 Understanding Water Scarcity 6 1.2.2 The Political Ecology Approach 7 1.3 Research Methodology: Data Collection, Analysis and Fieldwork 10 Chapter 2: Changing water regimes and livelihoods in South-Western Bangladesh 14 2.1 Introduction 14 2.2 Changing Water System in Coastal Region in Bangladesh 14 2.2.1 Impact of Poldering and Water Control 14 2.2.2 Reduced Flow of Water and Shrimp Cultivation 16 2.3 Interlinking Changes in Water System and Livelihood 16 2.4 Description of the Study Area 17 2.4.1 Features of Livelihood And Categorization of Farmers 19 Chapter 3: Conflicting Livelihoods, Contested Waters and Contradictions in Institutional Arrangements 21 3.1 Introduction 21 3.2 Expansion of Shrimp Cultivation: From Green Revolution to Blue Revolution 21 3.3 “From...
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...Introduction In this assignment, multiple contents of micro and macro economics have been discussed. In the first part, the threats & opportunities and their impacts are discussed in the context of Unilever. Then the content of free market economy and necessity of government’s intervention has been discussed along with objectives of fiscal policies. Then at the last part, the movements and shift supply-demand curves have been discussed in addition, the price elasticity of demand. Answer of Part-1 Threats and opportunities are related to external environment. For Unilever, threats may come from suppliers, government, labor union, environmentalists, consumers union etc. They may find the following opportunities and threats (Definition of SWOT, Rapid Business Intelligence Success). For example, * Economy - Strength of Currency. * Market - Growth/Decline, Fashion Trend * Legislation - Pollution, Product Liability, Energy, Healthcare * Technology - Substitutes, New Tools, Artificial Intelligence * Environment - Recycling, Increased Testing, Protection * Society- various groups create some bottlenecks How the above elements works for Unilever Devaluation of local currency will increase the price of raw materials as well as raises the fuel cost and all other costs related to production. Hence, production cost rises, resulting in price increase. The consumers may behave negatively to this price increment and this will create a threat for Unilever in...
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...oduction B. − − − Are governments prepared to operate effectively in an international policy environment? How can the impacts of globalisation on democratic processes be managed to protect core values such as accountability, responsiveness, and transparency? What future do governments envisage for "global governance"? From Autonomy to Influence -- preparing for a global policy role THE IMPACTS OF GLOBALISATION ON POLICY-MAKING 1. Globalisation has changed the context in which governments operate. Even traditionally domestic issues are increasingly influenced by international actors and international events that are beyond national governments' ability to control, either individually or collectively. This has evoked a good deal of hand-wringing and fears that national policy autonomy -- or even national sovereignty -- is being undermined. These fears, while important, may be short-sighted. While globalisation poses many challenges for national governments, it also holds many opportunities. International co-operation offers new opportunities to improve overall policy effectiveness and to address common policy dilemmas. But are national governments adequately equipped to manage the problems and reap the benefits of globalisation? 2. The following discussion examines the impacts of globalisation on policy making1. It raises questions related to three main themes: 3...
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...Workers are important aspects in economics. In production economics workers are among the factors of production referred to as labor. In management, they are referred to as human resource and require great care as they are a sensitive resource. The workers are rewarded through the wages and salaries. Determining the wages is a very delicate issue for both workers (employees) and employers. This is because the two parties have conflicting goals; employers work towards maximizing output, therefore, their aim is reducing production cost which means they are geared towards minimizing the labor cost (Samuelson & Marks, 2009). On the other hand, employees work towards maximizing their income. The case is also true for the nurses. Mainly, it is expected their wages are determined by the market forces. The nurses’ labor market operates like other commodity markets. Therefore, the demand for labor and supply for nurses play an important role in determining the wages and salaries. In this light, the wages and other compensations are the equilibrium wages derived by the market forces of demand and supply (Samuelson & Marks, 2009). However, the compensation for the nurses is sometimes set through other mechanism; for instance, wages can be determined by the government or through bargaining. The governments set the salary wages based on the economic conditions. This goes against the nurses’ market equilibrium. Also, nurses compensation is determined through bargaining, where a discussion...
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...Conflict Management | Case: Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited | The case attempts to examine a conflict that took place between the Union and Management at Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited in 1999. We have tried to understand the conflict and analyze the ‘conflict resolution’ methodology that was adopted in this scenario. | Background of the organization BPCL (Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited) was originally formed as Burma Shell Company, which was then nationalized by legislation passed by Indian Parliament in the year 1976. Since then it has grown to be one of the most successful public sector undertakings in the country and has been awarded “Navratna” status. As a result of its status, the management of the organization has certain freedom to implement decisions without involvement of the concerned ministry. Today BPCL operates across India in various locations and produces a variety of petrochemical products such as petrol, diesel, kerosene, lubricants etc. About the union The history of unions in the company is as old as 1954. Currently there are about 15 unions in BPCL. The majority union in the western region is the Petroleum Employees Union. This union is affiliated to INTUC and it was established by Mr. Raja Kulkarni. The present general secretary of the union is Mr. Satishkumar P. M. Nair, who is one of the veterans in the union and has been serving as the union leader for about 24 years, first 2 years as Vice President and next...
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...maintain good relations between employees (labour) and employers (management). Concept of Industrial Relations: The term ‘Industrial Relations’ comprises of two terms: ‘Industry’ and ‘Relations’. “Industry” refers to “any productive activity in which an individual (or a group of individuals) is (are) engaged”. By “relations” we mean “the relationships that exist within the industry between the employer and his workmen.” The term industrial relations explain the relationship between employees and management which stem directly or indirectly from union-employer relationship. Industrial relations are the relationships between employees and employers within the organizational settings. The field of industrial relations looks at the relationship between management and workers, particularly groups of workers represented by a union. Industrial relations are basically the interactions between employers, employees and the government, and the institutions and associations through which such interactions are mediated. The term industrial relations have a broad as well as a narrow outlook. Originally, industrial relations were broadly defined to include the relationships and interactions between employers and employees. From this perspective, industrial relations cover all aspects of the employment relationship, including human resource management, employee relations, and union-management (or labour) relations. Now its meaning has become more specific...
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...The debate about minimum wage and the effect it has on all aspects of an economy is one that has created differing and often conflicting viewpoints amongst economists. When looking at something so fundamental as the minimum wage, four main groups within an economic context will be impacted in some way or another; they are the firms, consumers, the labour force and the government. Minimum wage law is always a contentious issue due to the wide ranging impacts it has over the aforementioned groups, often leading to a number of contentious and often conflicting viewpoints. Economists themselves have had their trials and tribulations over minimum wage arguments, with some saying until the data is so sophisticated, “the conflicting ambitions of...
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...Congress has the power to create, organize, and disband all federal agencies. The bureaucracy has two masters — Congress and the President. Bureaucracy is an inevitable consequence of complexity and scale. Modern government could not function without a large bureaucracy. Through authority, specialization, and rules, bureaucracy provides a means of managing thousands of tasks and employees. In truth, one hand does not always know what the other hand is doing. Congress, and the judiciary, bureaucrats exercise considerable power in their own right. Department of State was the first executive department in 1781, department of Treasury 1789, Department of War, Office of Attorney General, and Office of Postmaster General. The Great Depression was a disaster that did not have to happen. The New Deal interventions were bad for the economy and played favorites with the rich over the average families. The required acreage farm reduction really hurt the poor sharecroppers. There was mass destruction of feed even though millions of families were hungry because of the efforts to keep farm prices high. Compulsory unionism caused discrimination against blacks since it gave monopoly power to union bosses who really didn’t want to hire blacks anyway (Edwards, 2005). Government policies in the 1930s prevented the U. S. economy from recovering from the depression because of the policy mistakes that were made. Some of the economic effects of...
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...and the European Central Bank’s Role of Lender of Last Resort Gordon Hall 418 North Pleasant Street Amherst, MA 01002 January 2013 Phone: 413.545.6355 Fax: 413.577.0261 peri@econs.umass.edu www.peri.umass.edu WORKINGPAPER SERIES Number 306 The debt crisis and the European Central Bank’s role of lender of last resort by Carlo Panico and Francesco Purificato 1. The debate on the role of the central bank in the European debt crisis reveals the increasing difficulty of the authorities to apply sensible solutions. De Grauwe and Ji express this opinion by noticing that unfounded fears ‘have been widely advertised in Germany and have contributed to creating a view in that country that the German taxpayer is likely to become the victim of a money machine that rewards the profligacy of Southern European countries’ (De Grauwe and Ji, 2012, p. 1). These fears ‘have become powerful political forces that make it difficult for the governments to find rational solutions to the euro crisis’ (De Grauwe and Ji, 2012, p. 13). In order to appraise this opinion we discuss how the European Central Bank (ECB) and the Eurosystem have been intervening in favour of the Government sector. We start by noticing that central banks can play the role of lenders of last resort in favour of the banking and of the Government sector and that “moral hazard” problems emerge in both cases. Yet, they have only been mentioned to curtail the interventions in favour of the Government sector, in spite of the fact that...
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...already being handled by workers located in other countries that offer lower wages and lower costs of living. The case study describes the Department of Transportation of Illinois plans to outsource the management of information management systems. Ms. Barbara Glenn makes several arguments against this outsourcing in her memo to Mr. Cesar Padilla, the President of the FSEU (FSEU Memo, 2011). In the book, “Asking the Right Questions: A Guide to Critical Thinking (Tenth Edition), by M. Neil Brown and Stuart M. Keeley”, the authors examine the benefits of critical thinking as it relates to the process of asking the right kinds of questions. The authors define critical thinking: “as the awareness of a set of interrelated critical questions, the ability to ask and answer critical questions at appropriate times; and the desire to actively use the critical questions” (Brown & Keeley, 2010, p. 2). In my examination of the Memo by Ms. Barbara Glenn, I will apply the various steps developed by Brown and Keeley, to examine the arguments made. Conclusions and Issues Involved Ms. Glenn stated that the proposal to outsource the information management system of the Department of Transportation is a straight assault on the Union and will not be favorable to the members of the Union, the employees in the U.S. and also to the overall condition of the domestic economy. Consequently, her recommendation was to fight this...
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... Page: 3 Collective Bargaining and the Employer Page 3-4 The Employment Relationship Page 4-5 Trade Unions & Collective Bargaining Page 5-6 Conclusion Page 6-7 Bibliography Page 8 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS Collective bargaining is the most effective means of giving workers the right to representation in decisions affecting their working lives’ (Donovan, 1968: 54). Discuss Introduction: While Collective Bargaining is a Democratic right of all workers, recent trends have indicated a significant reduction in Trade Union membership. Such a trend is in contrast with recent management directives to integrate employee’s opinion at organisational level. This report attempts to define Collective Bargaining and the approaches undertaken by Employers to manage the area. The Employment Relationship is then studied with a particular emphasis on the structure and balance of power between the Employer and Employee’s. The contribution of the Trade Union movement to the Collective Bargaining issue is then discussed. This Report is then concluded with a definitive view on the role of Collective Bargaining on workers lives. Existing literature will be used to support arguments throughout this report and a brief review of Sweden’s ‘True Corporatism’ system of the 1960’s...
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...INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS - CA2 | Do Regional Organizations Have a Role to Play in International Relations? | Krystal Tan Yi Zhen 1227831 DIB/FT/2A/02 | What is Regional Organizations? Regional organizations incorporate international membership of states based on boundaries characteristic to a unique geography, such as continents, or geopolitics, such as economic blocks. Some regional organizations are African Union (AU) and European Union (EU). The UN recognises regional organizations as stakeholders in international relations and has granted some of them observer status at the UN General Assembly and permanent representation in New York. The right to speak at the United Nations General Assembly meetings, participation in procedural votes, and to sponsor and sign resolutions means that regional organisations can influence relationships between countries. The three main roles of regional organizations that justify their existence are Peacekeeping and Security, Combating Terrorism, and Disaster Risk Reduction Peacekeeping and Security Regional organizations have an increasing responsibility to maintain a peaceful and stable environment among countries, accelerate growth and development in their member countries through joint endeavours, and maintain beneficial cooperation with existing international and regional organisations. The increasing need of strengthening the role of regional organizations in maintaining international peace and security demonstrates the importance...
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...the issues are dealt with in the system from the 3 clippings on issues of concern to employment relations (e.g. dismissals, worker grievances, wage decisions, award decisions.) S/No | Clipping | Attachment | 1 | Frozen yogurt chain llaollao under investigation for turning away Singaporean | | 2 | Industrial Relations Act: PMEs can now be represented as a group by rank-and-file unions | | 3 | Improving productivity critical to higher wages, job security: NTUC | | --- Employment Relations is about how people work with one another to deliver the goals of the organization. One of the key concern will be how to prevent and resolve any problems involving individuals which arise out of or affect work situations. From the clippings collected, it is clear that our tripartite partners – represented by the Ministry of Manpower (MOM), Singapore National Employers Federation (SNEF) and National Trades Union Congress (NTUC), has an important role to play in today economy. Under the GUM Tripartite model, it states the relationship between the three actors (Government, Union and Management), where together, they will make an influence on how companies were to work due to any environmental changes. In theory, we understand that employment relations does not occur in vacuum. Any change to the environment, whether it is political changes such as introduction of new policies or measures, economic changes due to globalization, social changes such as increase in female participation...
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