...this contoctic effects changing drastic effects in the mathematicaldistribution of patterns over time of ranging from years to years. The historical backgroung of the scientific invention of climate and climate change began in start of 19th century when ice ages and other natural changes in paleoclimate were first suspected and the natural greenhouse effect first identified. (Neumann, 1985). In second half of 19th century, scientists first argued that human emissions of greenhouse gases could change the climate. Many other theories of climate change were advanced, involving forces from volcanism to solar variation. A brief History on the negotiations for climate change are discussed below. 1960 - Human population reaches three billion. (Chamberlin, 1899) it’s a minute...
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...Global warming has always been the most concerned issue all over the world. Intense industrial activities and human’s irresponsible ways of living generated a high-level of carbon emissions which in turn triggered climate change. Abnormal environmental events such as floods, droughts, rise in sea level and melting glaciers are happening around us. It is believed that everyone should make concerted effort to confront this global threat, yet much debate is aroused on the responsibilities for the dilemma. While every country is suffering from the effects brought by global warming, rich nations which benefited most from related industrial activities should bear the brunt and responsibility to deal with the problem. This essay will first look into the contributors to climate change, then move on to evaluate the effects on different nations, and finally discussing where should the responsibility lie. Developed countries are the main contributors to climate change. Industrialized nations, including the USA, Canada, Former Soviet Union, Japan, Australia and European countries made up nearly 80% of global carbon emissions from fossil combustion between 1900 and 1999. (WRI, 2000) It is undeniable that the industrialization process over the last century played a significant role in accelerating global warming and those developed countries are to be blamed. Proceeding to the 21st century, marking the end of the industrialization of the developed countries, however, did not bring a relief...
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...Essay: Climate Change ‘Up and down, up and down- that is how temperature and climate have always gone in the past and there is no proof they are not still doing exactly the same thing now. In other words, climate change is an entirely natural phenomenon, nothing to do with the burning of fossil fuels.’ (David Bellamy). Discuss the extent to which you agree with this statement. Climate can be described as the long term prevailing weather conditions of an area, the key words being ‘long term’. David Bellamy’s statement, suggests that those who disregard the ‘natural’ theory should study the data from thousands of years ago to see that a continuous pattern is shown. However, perhaps Bellamy needed to study the most recent cycle in the past 40 years in more detail to see that global temperature change is not following its usual course but has in fact been increasing at nearly four times the pace. Whether anthropogenic or natural, some factors must have changed in order to cause such a large difference. It would be foolish to believe climate change is one hundred percent natural or totally anthropogenic as it is evident that climate fluctuations have always been present, but have been amplified by recent anthropogenic changes. A natural theory is based on the amount of solar energy emitted to earth. In past cycles, the amount of solar input has fluctuated and was the cause of the Little Ice Age between 1600 and 1800 and glacial advancement in the Alps. However, since 1800, there...
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...CHALLENGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND BD PERSPECTIVE INTRODUCTION 1. Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather over periods of time that range from decades to millions of years. A change of climate which is attributed/influenced directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate changeability observed over comparable time periods. In the latter sense it may be qualified as anthropogenic change of climate, more generally known as "global warming" or "Anthropogenic Global Warming" (AGW). 2. Presently this rapid climate change has become the major catastrophe and the greatest threat of the 21st century. No nation, however large or small, wealthy or poor, can escape the impact of climate change. Appreciating the consequences, many a times heads of frontier states, Heads of Governments, Ministers, and other heads of delegations sited together and formed various international agreements to bring down the carbon emission to a level to keep the planet liveable. But the summit concluded without expected consensus/agreement. 3. In pursuant to the present context of climate change, this paper will endeavour to highlight the various causes of world climate change, effects of it and summary of recent Copenhagen accord, analysis, criticism and cause of failure of the accord and the remedial measures to combat climate change in the suffering countries. AIM 4. The aim of this paper...
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...ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are very grateful to our honorable course teacher for his kind sympathy towards us. We are deeply acknowledge Mohammad Towheedul Islam Sir for giving us the opportunity to prepare our research paper on the more specific and relevant way. It is rare opportunity. We are also grateful to the individuals and institutions whose work is helped us to prepare this research paper. We are also grateful to multiple webpage and link in related to climate change and sea level rise. We are also grateful to Bangladeshi local NGOs and their documents in related sea level rise. Sea level rise: Impacts on Bangladesh and the role of NGOs Introduction: climate change is one of the most raising issues in contemporary world. Global warming is an important cause if climate change. The temperature of the world is increasing day by day. As a result the ice of arctic areas is melting. And this is raising the sea level. Though the temperature is increasing equally all over the world but all the countries of the world are not equally affected by this global warming. Usually costal areas, islands, and lower lands are mostly affected by this sea level rise. They are flooded badly each year because of this sea level rise. Global warming not only affects the environmental life but also they affect the political economic and infrastructural basis. Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries of sea level rise. As it is a costal and...
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...going to an end! B: It is because the problem of global warming is getting more serious. A: Why does such a phenomenon happen? B: There is rapid economic growth among nations, but there are few restrictions on emitting greenhouse gases. A: On the other hand, when we turn on the air-conditioner continuously in summer, the temperature of outdoors will increase, intensifying the problem of temperature rising. B: Because of global warming, the climate will be more extreme. Natural disasters such as flooding, typhoon and drought will occur more frequently. A: Moreover, the ice in the North Pole melts and the water level rises, then some islands will be drowned. Furthermore, if we still do not take the right actions to alleviate global warming, the Maldives will very likely to be submerged. B: Why don’t the regions co-operate together to ease this problem? A: No, do you remember the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen? It aims at reducing global carbon emission and controlling the emission of greenhouse gases in developing countries. B: As I know that this issue is still being discussed and no consensus among nations has arrived yet. I hope that the above measures can be carried out. A: Before they can make a decision, as a global citizen, we should take our responsibly for saving the earth. For example, we should only turn on the air-conditioner if necessary and keep it at 25.5 degree so that it is less harmful to the environment...
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...differential equations, linear system, Fundamental matrix, Solutions of linear systems with constant coefficients. References: 1. D.G. Zill, A First Course in Differentil Equations with Applications. 2. F. Braur and J.A. Nohel, Differential Equations. 3. S.L. Ross, Differential Equation. DSMHT 202: Geological and Hydro-meteorological Hazards (credit 02) 1. Introduction to Geological and Hydro-meteorological Hazards. 2. Geological Hazards Earthquakes (causes, types and effects of Earthquakes), Tsunami & Seiches. (naming, Tsunami Generation, Velocity and height, coastal effects and vulnerability), Volcanoes (origin & types of volcanic hazards, volcanic eruptions and products), Mass Movement -Dry (factors controlling down slope movement; causes, classification and effects of mass movements), Land subsidence and sinkholes, Impacts of asteroids and comets. 3. Geomorphological Hazards Riverbank Erosion (causes and effects), Coastal Erosions (coastal geomorphic features, beach erosion and replenishment) 4....
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...BP is one of the world's leading international oil and gas companies. They provide customers with fuel for transportation, energy for heat and light, lubricants to keep engines moving, and the petrochemicals products used to make everyday items. On the surface level, it seems as if BP is doing everything right. They strive to be a world-class operator, a responsible corporate citizen and a good employer. From managing air quality to controlling greenhouse gas emissions, they are working to avoid, minimize and mitigate environmental impacts. So far, they have invested in a specialist water treatment company to help manage our operations in water scarce areas. BP is also a forward-looking company and plans to increase the proportion of natural gas in their production portfolio over the next decade. They are also a firm believer of supporting developments in societies where they work. They run programmes to help build the skills of businesses and to develop the local supply chain in a number of locations. For example, in Indonesia, they provide one-on-one business consultancy and technical assistance to local businesses to assist their participation in tender processes. They promote the use of local suppliers where appropriate. In Azerbaijan they have supported the efforts of companies to achieve international standards, to improve their competitiveness, and to increase the amount of work they get from BP contractors. Even when BP suffered societal and political backlash from...
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...been caused by a giant asteroid. This time it is not an asteroid colliding with the Earth and wreaking havoc: it is us.” Former Vice President, Al Gore, has continued his ongoing work as an environmental activist even after leaving the White House, and his biggest concern is global warming. Today, global warming is the greatest challenge our planet is facing. Global warming is the increase in the temperature of the earth’s surface air. It is one of the most current and widely discussed factors. It has far-reaching impact on biodiversity and climatic conditions of the planet. Several current trends clearly demonstrate that global warming is directly impacting on rising sea levels, the melting of ice caps and significant worldwide climate changes. In short, global warming represents a fundamental threat to all living things on earth. The greenhouse effect and global warming are issues that are talked about by geologists all the time. The greenhouse effect is a natural process that keeps the earth at temperatures that are livable. Energy from the sun warms the earth when its heat rays are absorbed by greenhouse gasses and become trapped in the atmosphere. Some of the most common greenhouse gasses are water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane. If there were no greenhouse gasses, very few rays would be absorbed and the earth would be extremely cold. When too many rays are absorbed, the earths atmosphere starts to warm, which leads to global warming. Global warming can lead...
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...Introduction Currently, climate change is one of the major environmental crises to ever happen on the planet. The planets atmosphere is extremely loaded with warmth-trapping gases which threaten massive disruptions in climate with severe consequences. The green house gases which are mainly contributed by carbon dioxide formed a blanket-like layer that prevents effective emission of radiations back into the space. When such a layer is formed, there is too much heat on the planet, hence global warming. The discussion herein looks at some of the causes, challenges, impacts and possible solutions to the problem. Causes Global warming is the general increase in the temperatures in the planet due to the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the ozone layer. With ever increasing industrialization, greenhouse gases are released on a large scale manner to the atmosphere and formed a blanket like layer that prevents the sun’s rays from being reflected back into the space. Normally, when the rays hit the ground, they are supposed to be reflected back into the space. However, with the presence of a blanket-like layer, the rays are trapped and reflected back to earth leading to increase in temperatures. Impacts of global warming Global warming has brought with it numerous challenges in the lives of both humans and animals on earthy. There have been issues of climate change associated with extreme weather conditions. For example, today there are extreme rains that cause flooding and eventually...
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...Introduction Currently, climate change is one of the major environmental crises to ever happen on the planet. The planets atmosphere is extremely loaded with warmth-trapping gases which threaten massive disruptions in climate with severe consequences. The green house gases which are mainly contributed by carbon dioxide formed a blanket-like layer that prevents effective emission of radiations back into the space. When such a layer is formed, there is too much heat on the planet, hence global warming. The discussion herein looks at some of the causes, challenges, impacts and possible solutions to the problem. Causes Global warming is the general increase in the temperatures in the planet due to the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the ozone layer. With ever increasing industrialization, greenhouse gases are released on a large scale manner to the atmosphere and formed a blanket like layer that prevents the sun’s rays from being reflected back into the space. Normally, when the rays hit the ground, they are supposed to be reflected back into the space. However, with the presence of a blanket-like layer, the rays are trapped and reflected back to earth leading to increase in temperatures. Impacts of global warming Global warming has brought with it numerous challenges in the lives of both humans and animals on earthy. There have been issues of climate change associated with extreme weather conditions. For example, today there are extreme rains that cause flooding and eventually...
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...1 Online vs. Traditional Education COM/156 June 3, 2012 2 Climate Cylcles Inexplicable weather changes, devastating tsunamis, earthquakes in unusual places, seasons seemingly being skipped or prolonged, floods amongst several other abnormalities in the way the world we know have been occurring more frequently, more powerfully and more frighteningly. As humans, naturally we question, fear and seek to explain all of these deadly and destructive anomalies. Some claim an apocalypse is coming, some say we are heading toward an ice age, some believe we have accelerated a change in the Earth’s climate cycles by our own actions. Any view taken, is one of fear and trepidation. As a factual and unbiased paper, we will not take the Apocalypse theory into account for the fact that there are concrete facts or evidence. Regardless of why we believe something is wrong or changing, it is undeniably fact that the world is changing on many levels. The purpose of this paper is explore and attempt to find the reasons why this is happening, and what we, as mankind, can do to be prepared, and to attempt to mitigate any effect we may have on the acceleration of these changes Pollution and human consumption of fossil fuels, trees and other natural resources have been the scapegoat for “global warming” for several years now. How is it that, specifically, carbon emissions from vehicles allegedly has caused or sped the rate of global warming? Carbon emissions have been in existence since...
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...contribute to CH4 emissions [2]. Full responsibility for emitting these two key greenhouse gases cannot be pinned to just one country. It all comes down to basic supply and demand: the relationship between demand and supply underlie the forces behind the allocation of resources [3]. In efforts to play a role in controlling emission, too many consumers (i.e. USA, European Union, among others) want these emission-reducer recourses--causing the primary supplier (China) to not only attempt to supply more but also face its own increase in emission. This report will discuss the following sections: (a) economic & population growth, (b) greenhouse technologies, (c) human exploitation, and (d) conclusion. Economic & Population Growth Despite a growing economy and growing population, the energy consumption in the United States is not expected to rise at a high rate over the next few decades. Due to the major advancements in energy efficiency that the United States has taken thus far such as: improving the insulation of buildings, traveling in more fuel efficient vehicles as well as electric vehicles, more efficient energy use in industrial processes, a more educated public on climate change, among other factors; are the primary reasons we can...
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...implies that the economy is maturing, moving towards the secondary and tertiary sectors. However, farming remains vitally important to the economy with 638 000 people formally employed (Statistics SA, 2012 Q2) – although it’s estimated that around 8,5-million people are directly or indirectly dependent on agriculture for their employment and income. However, global climate change will affect the government’s efforts to alleviate poverty and fast-track development in rural areas. Definition of terms Global warming: refers to the increased temperature of Earth's surface, including land, water and near-surface air. Climate change: means a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods (UNFCCC). 2. Causes of Climate Change Any factor that causes a sustained change to the amount of incoming energy or the amount of outgoing energy can lead to climate change. They are factors that operate in favour of climate change; these factors that cause climate change can be divided into two categories. Those related to natural processes and those related to human activity. 1|Page...
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...Outline for Climate Change Introduction: Why does climate change matter? Biochemically speaking, why is temperature so important? Temperature is critical to biochemical reactions, because it determines the effectiveness of the enzymes controlling the reactions. What is an ectotherm? ectotherms, organisms whose body temperature depends on the surrounding environment. What is the connection between performance and temperature in ectotherms? For these organisms, how fast they grow,1 how quickly they move,2,3 and almost everything else about their behavior and functioning is affected by external temperatures. What is the Goldilocks principle? And to what can it be applied when it comes to temperature? Goldilocks principle when the temperature is just right, enzyme activity is maximized. It is the optimum temperature, where an enzyme or things work at its best. Can be applied to enzymes, performance, population growth rates. How does temperature relate to species richness? As temperature increases the species richness (the number of species in a given area) increases So, what’s the big deal? many biological processes exhibit the same basic hump-shaped relationship with temperature, in which temperatures that are too low or too high impair or sometimes even terminate critical biological processes.1This is why climate change is the focus of so much scientific research. Part 1: Detecting climate change What is the difference between weather and climate? How is this...
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