...by using thick conductor wire with very low resistance for safety purposes. In other word, grounding is a connection of the neutral point of a power supply system to the earth to avoid danger during discharge of electric energy. Hazards that may occur due to failure of earthing system are electrocution, fire or explosion due to the leakage of current through undesired path and to ensure potential current carried by conductor does not rise with respect to the earth...
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...requirements in Research 1 Alubijid National Comprehensive High School Special Science Class Alubijid, Misamis Oriental January 8, 2014 Mrs. Ma. Romila D. Uy Research Adviser Abstract Battery is a device used to store electrical energy. Battery can also be called a cell in which the reaction between two different substances can be made to occur in such a way that some of the chemical energy is converted into a useful electricity. Since its invention and inception, battery has become the most common power source for many household and industries. The vinegar battery is constructed out from simple components or materials. Adding an amount of vinegar to a strip of different metals like copper, from copper wires and zinc, from nails can form a simple battery. This battery has a low amperage output which can supply power on a low amperage/low voltage device like a calculator. It is easy to construct. The following steps should be followed in constructing the vinegar battery: 1. Prepare all the materials needed like: * Vinegar * Strip of Zinc from nails * Strip of copper from copper wire * Vinegar container (non-metallic) * Multi-tester 2. Place the vinegar inside the container. Make sure that it is deep enough to suspend the two different metals on it. 3. Cut a piece of copper wire and suspend it into the vinegar container. 4. Suspend a piece of galvanized nail (Zinc) into the vinegar container. It should be apart from the copper wire. 5. Measure...
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...ENERGY TO POWER A CLOCK? TABLE OF CONTENTS RESEARCH…………………………………………………………………………...I PURPOSE…………………………………………………………………….….……II HYPOTHESIS………………………………………………………………….….…III DISCUSSION……………………………………………………………………...…IV MATERIALS AND PROCEDURES…………………………………………….......V RESULTS………………………………………………………………………....….VI CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………….….….…VII BIBLIOGRPAHY………………………………………………………….….……VIII RESEARCH • The potato battery is a battery made out of a potato • The potato is unique because it is the only known vegetable that contains both electrons and protons. These two molecules are the second and third largest ingredients in electricity • By adding electricity’s most abundant ingredient-copper-and its fourth and final ingredient-zinc-a fresh batch of electricity can be made and extracted • A potato battery is an electrochemical battery, otherwise known as an electrochemical cell. • An electrochemical cell is a cell in which chemical energy is converted to electric energy by spontaneous electron transfer • The zinc in the nail reacts with the copper wire • The potato acts as a sort of buffer between the zinc ions and the copper ions • The zinc and copper ions would still react if they touched within the potato but they would only generate heat • Since the potatoes keep them apart, the electron transfer has to take place over the copper wires of the circuit, which channels the energy into the clock ...
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...CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION a. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Vinegars had been used at home solely for cooking. Most people are not aware that it actually has other uses at home like lighting small LED bulbs. Thus, when the researchers came across this project on the internet, we grabbed the opportunity of proving whether or not this is a possibility. With the cheap and readily-available materials, this project can provide households with an alternative source of light that can easily be done and replicated. Although this may seem as a step back for advancements in technology because it makes use of household materials instead of more complicated ones, this is one step ahead towards innovation. b. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Can Vinegar be used as a battery for lighting small LED bulbs? c. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The researchers chose this investigatory project of vinegar being used as a battery for lighting LED lights for two of its possible contributions to the community: first, it can be used as a safe, better and cheaper alternative to sources of lights in case of blackouts, and second, people can use it as an alternative source of light at home to lower their power consumption. The Philippines is an archipelago surrounded by large bodies of water making it susceptible to typhoons. The last devastating typhoon, Yolanda, had left Leyte and other parts of the country in turmoil with no food, water, and electricity for not just days but for months, and...
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...NT1210 Lab 4.1 Copper Cabling Exercise 4.1.1 Why are standards so important for NICs, connectors, and media? Use your textbook and Internet research to justify your answer. Simple because Stability, Consistency, Minimization of packet errors. Exercise 4.1.2 The voltage for registering a bit of 1 on Ethernet can be as low as 2.5 volts or even 1 volt. Why is this so low when the capacity for transmitting electricity on the copper wire is so high? Use your textbook and Internet research to support your answer. Because the voltage (or current) used to transmit data needs only be high enough for the receiver to detect it. Making the voltage (much) higher would make the receiver electronics more difficult. Exercise 4.1.3 What are some applications of shielded copper cable? Why is the more expensive shielded cable used in these situations? Use your textbook or Internet research to support your answer. The extra covering in shielded twisted pair wiring protects the transmission line from electromagnetic interference leaking into or out of the cable. STP cabling often is used in Ethernet networks, especially fast data rate Ethernets. Exercise 4.1.4 Complete the entries in Table 4-1. Use your textbook and Internet research to compose your answer. The common connector for interfacing UTP wires to a computer for networking is the Registered Jack 45 (RJ-45) interface. This uses eight copper wires (four twisted pairs) to complete the connec- tion between interfaces. The pinout...
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...chemical energy to electrical energy. Each cell contains positive terminal, cathode and negative terminal, anode. There are many ways to construct a battery, as well as ways to control its generated output. Each component is highly needed to produce the expected outcome of the endeavor. It shows that searching new ways of producing electricity is not possible. It’s also impressive to know how vinegar can produce electricity and how it will help the environment. With this research, each individual’s curiosity will be captivated. II. Statement of the Problem 1. What is more convenient, commercial battery 2. qor vinegar battery? Explain why. 3. What is more reliable? Commercial battery or vinegar battery? Explain why. 4. Do you think vinegar battery can avoid our environment from destroying or harming it? Explain why. III. Formulation of the Hypothesis * Vinegar battery, because its materials like copper wire can be found in our home. In copper wire, we can use the copper wire on our old TV so that we don’t need to buy commercial batteries. * Vinegar...
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...School Department Surigao Education Center Km. 2, Surigao City _______________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Physics IV _______________________________________________ By: Edradan, Jefferson Galos, Jancirfil Jimena, Rimar Villarojo, Kerr Yaun, Mary Allyssa March 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page i Approval Sheet ii Acknowledgement iii Abstract iv Table of Contents vi CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Introduction Review and Related literature Statement of the Problem Significance of the Study Scope of Limitations Definition of Terms CHAPTER II: METHODOLOGY Research Design Materials General Procedure Observation Collection of Data Tabulation Evaluation Conclusion Flow Chart of Methodology CHAPTER III: RESULTS AND ANALYSIS CHAPTER IV: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION Summary Findings Conclusion Recommendation References APPENDICES CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Introduction We all know that the world is now facing an energy crisis and everyone is trying to do something about that. Now you can show everyone that electrical energy or electricity can be made from air and vinegar. After all, vinegar are freely available everywhere. Battery is a device that converts chemical energy directly to electrical energy. It consists...
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...After a lot of thought, our group decided to use one of the objects that is almost always present in our daily lives: fruits and vegetables. Will these everyday materials such as apples, bananas, oranges, lemons and potatoes conduct electricity? Well, let’s see about that. C. Hypothesis A circuit is made up of a path, a source and a load. We believe that we should connect them with a (+) and a (-) wire so that the flow will be even with no reverse polarity. The load we thought of using was a battery- operated clock, one of the most common materials found in almost everyone’s household. We believe that it would work because the organic materials we will use have electrolytes that flow freely on its own. Thus, it will flow into conductors to make a decent circuit. Our thoughts on which will be the best conductor were different. Some said that the lemon is the best conductor due to its acidity. Some say it’s the banana due to its efficiency. Yet some also say it’s the orange due to its fame as a fruit. D. Significance of the Study Our main reason for making this research is not only to make a variation on the commercial DC...
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...thought, our group decided to use one of the objects that is almost always present in our daily lives: fruits and vegetables. Will these everyday materials such as apples, bananas, oranges, lemons and potatoes conduct electricity? Well, let’s see about that. C. Hypothesis A circuit is made up of a path, a source and a load. We believe that we should connect them with a (+) and a (-) wire so that the flow will be even with no reverse polarity. The load we thought of using was a battery- operated clock, one of the most common materials found in almost everyone’s household. We believe that it would work because the organic materials we will use have electrolytes that flow freely on its own. Thus, it will flow into conductors to make a decent circuit. Our thoughts on which will be the best conductor were different. Some said that the lemon is the best conductor due to its acidity. Some say it’s the banana due to its efficiency. Yet some also say it’s the orange due to its fame as a fruit. D. Significance of the Study Our main reason for making this research is...
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...the Southern California area. P&T Metals offers efficient professional industrial and commercial pickup service and provides all types of scrap metal storage containers, including roll off bins to our customers at no charge. With 45 years in the scrap recycling business. ALUMINUM Aluminum Clips & Solids Aluminum Turnings Extruded Aluminum | Painted Aluminum Cast Aluminum Aluminum Litho Plates | Aluminum Wheels Aluminum Radiators Aluminum Auto Part | INSULATED WIRE Power Cable House Wire Communication Wire | Romex Computer Wire C.A.T.V. Cable | Aluminum Wire Lead Wire | HIGH TEMP ALLOYS Alnico Hastalloy Haynes Inconel Invar Kovar | L-605 Mallory Maraging Molybdenum Monel Nickel | Rene Stellite Titanium Tungsten Alloys Tungsten Carbide Waspalloy | COPPER Bare Wire Burnt Wire Tubing | Motor Windings Sheet & Plate Turnings/Chips | Radiators Castings/Forgings | BRASS Yellow Brass Plumbing Brass Red Brass | Foundry Brass Clips Brass Turnings | Brass Radiators All types of Bronze | Sun-Lite Metals, Inc.2210 East 85th StreetLos Angeles, California 900011721 S. Bluff Rd. Montebello, California 90640Business: 323-581-7772Toll-Free: 800-529-7772Fax: 323-581-0806info@sunlite-metals.com Industrial Account...
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...Different Varieties of Vinegar as an Alternative Source of Energy Camille Janicha Lopez, Clyde Jireh Masigan, Mark Jener Ornopia, Jonathan Paul Group 4 Wednesday/10:30 AM-1:30 PM/OZ 308 Physics Department, Adamson University, Ermita, Manila Abstract The experiment aims to widen our knowledge about other source of electrical energy, demonstrate parallel and series connection with the alternative source, and illustrate the basic principles of positive and negative charges. A battery converts chemical energy to electrical energy, which each cell contains positive and negative terminals. The larger amount of the vinegar, the higher the current and the brighter the bulb. Introduction As people continue to prosper the knowledge of producing electricity which resulted on inventions of electricity-producing products. It has become the most common power source for many people in terms of households or industrial applications. A battery converts chemical energy to electrical energy, in which, each cell contains positive terminal or cathode and negative terminal or anode. There are many ways to construct a battery, as well as ways to control its generated output. It’s impressive to know how vinegar can produce electricity and how it will help the environment. This experiment is conducted to widen our knowledge about generating new source of electrical energy; the researches come up with an idea to show other alternative basis of electricity, which arrived to ascertain the vinegar battery...
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...Do the disadvantages of copper mining outweigh the advantages of the metal to society? Copper is one of the most important, irreplaceable metals implemented in today’s society. It has an atomic number of 29 (29 protons, 29 electrons, 35 neutrons), a relative atomic mass of 63.546 amu (see Figure 1), a melting point of 1084.62°C and an electron configuration of [Ar] 3d10 4s1 (see Figure 2). Copper is a tough, ductile, malleable metal that possesses extremely high thermal and electrical conductivity. The fundamental reason why copper can so effectively conduct electricity is due to it’s delocalised electrons. Electrical conduction is caused by valence electrons breaking free of their atoms and moving around, and copper only has one delocalised...
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...Visit us at www.pro-base.eu - 1 - HOMEMADE BATTERIES Making and evaluating homemade batteries Author Ken Gadd, 4science, Stratford sub Castle, SP1 3YP, UK; ken@4science.org.uk Languages available English, Slovenian Summary Batteries power most of the portable electrical and electronic devices we use. Different types are available, suited for different uses. Batteries convert chemical energy into electrical energy. You can make a battery from a lemon, a piece of zinc and a piece of copper. So why don’t we use this instead of buying batteries from shops? In this activity you find out. You also explore other homemade batteries, including a seawater battery made by scientists in the BBC TV programme Rough Science. The purpose is to explore the potential of low technology homemade batteries as emergency power supplies. Activity type H Use of scientific knowledge and understanding to solve problems Working in teams to solve problems Communication Resource/budget management Time and workload management Techniques Field Electrochemistry Visit us at www.pro-base.eu - 2 - Time Practical lessons: 600 minutes Theory lessons: 120 minutes Out of class time: 360 minutes StandardBase procedures None StandardBase techniques None Other resources Zavod za šolstvo, Ljubljana (The National Education Institute of the Republic of Slovenia), http://www.zrss.si/ Other resources are listed in the activity...
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...Since this is the oldest form of networks I will do some research on POTS and its different components. Keywords: POTS, Local loop, Central office, Local exchanges, POP, Long distance system, Fixed line, Cellular phones, Telephone network topology, Cable TV, Telecommunications Service, Cloud Computing Plain Old Telephone Service Plain old telephone service, or POTS is the original and oldest means of transferring data available today. POTS is made up of 6 components, Local Loop, the Central Office, the Local Exchange, POP, Long Distance Systems, and Fixed Line. Our system is a POTS and in this report I will explain these components. I will also define and describe the different Telecommunication network components in their relationship to POTS system. Local Loop. The local loop is the two copper wires that connect the telephone to the central office and back to the telephone. Since it makes a complete loop from beginning to end it is referred to as the local loop. The two copper wires are twisted together and are referred to as a twisted pair. Central Office. The central office services a group of people in a given area. With the possibility of servicing up to 10,000 customers at a time. Like zip codes you are identified by a set number, in this case the first three digits of your phone number (not the area code). All customer communications pass through the central office via copper cables. Local Exchanges. These are run by individual telephone...
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...Copper Industry The Copper Industry is a globally attractive industry due to the great demand for the resource as well as the striking economic value. The copper industry is a multi-billion dollar global market. With mines all across the world, drillers are constantly pushing to get their hands on a bigger piece of the market. Copper is an extremely valuable resource due to its corrosion resistance, high conductivity, and ability to alloy with other metals. The electrical, electronic, and communications industries account for the most usage of this attractive metal. The metal is also frequently used in the construction industry for water pipes and wiring. With such a global demand on construction and infrastructure, this resourceful metal has a strong future growth potential. The copper industry is very prosperous and has a solid future due to the growth in global capital expenditures and as well as the attractive properties. The copper industry is of strong interest of myself due to the fact that I am highly involved in the construction industry. I have a high interest in researching cleaner and more useful resources to use in new developments. The properties of the copper metal are of high praise because of its multiple uses within the building industry. Copper is used for gas lines, water lines, electrical wires, roofing, cladding, energy efficient heating systems, and even rain water systems. Copper is strongly encourage to be used in the construction industry because...
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