...Outline the primary skills used in counselling relationships This essay intends to introduce the reader to the most important skills involved within developing and maintaining a therapeutic relationship between a client and the therapist or counsellor. The onus will be on Humanistic counselling but many of these skills are central to all counselling types. Humanistic counselling is a process whereby the eventual goal is to facilitate the client in developing a personal understanding of self, and form a realisation of their own psychological needs and desires. It is, in essence, a route to empowerment for the client. Carl Rogers, father of client-centred therapy, described the client as an ‘organism’ whose natural tendency is a need to grow and develop: "The organism has one basic tendency and striving - to actualize, maintain, and enhance the experiencing organism” (Rogers, 1951, p. 487). This ‘actualisation tendency’ can only happen with the help of the therapist and their establishment of the perfect growing conditions. It is these that help launch the therapeutic relationship between the counsellor and client: “If I can provide a certain type of relationship, the other person will discover within himself the capacity to use the relationship for growth and change, and personal development will occur” (Rogers, 2004, p. 33). There are six conditions involved in a therapist-client relationship. The first involves the client and therapist entering into a psychological contract...
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...PA theoretical exploration, both of the philosophy underpinning the Person-Centred Approach and of ‘the Approach in action in a psychotherapeutic context. Introduction Carl Rogers (1902 – 1987) is the pioneer of Person-Centred therapy. In this essay, I will discuss the approach, which revolved over 70 years of his life. His necessary and sufficient conditions which he said was all that was needed to self-actualize and become a fully functioning person. I will also talk about contributions from others and expansion of his theory and lastly, I will discuss the limitations of person-centred approach that may result in ineffective therapy. Philosophy of person-centred approach Carl Rogers developed person-centred therapy in the 1940s. He wanted to move away from therapist reliant to a therapeutic relationship where he had a more humanistic philosophy which is captured nicely by the metaphor of “how an acorn, if provided with the appropriate conditions will “automatically” grow in positive ways, pushed naturally towards its actualization as an oak.” Rogers was born in Illinois to a very strict religions family. He originally studied agriculture, then theology and finally psychology. Rogers approach was developed over four periods. The first being in the 1940s which saw the birth of “non-directive counselling”. Rogers became the leading figure in the third force of psychology known as the Humanistic psychology movement. His philosophy was that people are essentially...
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...relative to its rivals? 5. What strategi issues does the company face? To explore these questions, four new analytical techniques will be introduced: SWOT analysis, value chain analysis, strategic cost analysis , and competitive strength assessment. These techniques are basic stragic management tools be-cause they expose the ccompany’s resource strengths and deficiencies, its best market opportunities, the outside threats to its future profitability, and its compertitive standing relative to rivals. Insightful company situation analysis is a precondition for identifying the strategic issues that management needs to address and for tailoring strategy to company resources and competitive capabilities as well as to industry and competitive conditions. Organizations succeed in a competitive marketplace over the long run because they can do certain things their customers value better than can their competitor Robert Hayes, Gary Pisano and David Upton The greatest mistake managers make when evaluating their resources is failing to assess them relative to...
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...INTRODUCTION TO COUNSELLING SKILLS FOR A TRAINEE COUNSELLOR: INTRODUCTION: I am going to address some of the main points and processes that a trainee counsellor will need to understand, to use in counselling sessions. It will include the process of initiating, maintaining and developing a relationship between a counsellor and anyone using counselling for the first time. INITIATING A RELATIONSHIP: The initiating of a relationship in counselling could involve a telephone consultation to arrange appropriate appointment time and location where the first meeting will be held it will also have the name of the counsellor who will be holding the sessions. A letter could also be sent to start the initiating process between a counsellor and the client. It will contain the appointment time, location and the name of the counsellor who will be conducting the sessions. Before the initial meeting takes place the counsellor will ask the reception to inform them that the client has arrived. They will prepare the consultation room by setting the chairs in a position where eye contact can be maintained, but personal space respected. They will make sure the room is at the right temperature, if warm having a window open a little. Have tissues on the table in case they are required and check that any paper work is in the right order and the correct forms if any are required. On the arrival of the client the counsellor introduces...
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...the work gives them satisfaction. Hence, it suggests that motivation, satisfaction and performance should be integrated in the job design. According to this approach, any job can be described in terms of five core dimensions. Our group interviews MD SELIM MIA, who works as production supervisor in “Purbachal Steel Mills Limited”. Now, we assess his job’s core dimensions using job characteristics approach and describe how the core dimensions led to critical psychological states and provide outcomes. Core job dimensions Skill variety Task identity Task significance Critical Psychological states Experienced meaningfulness of the work Personal & work Outcomes Feedback Experienced responsibility for outcomes of the work Knowledge of the actual results of the work Employee growth need strength High Quality work performance High satisfaction with the work Autonomy High internal work motivation Low absenteeism and turnover Assessment of the job Five core dimensions are used in his job. The dimensions are: 1. Skill variety: He has the opportunity to apply his skills in his job. He had some knowledge about operating a machine and computer now he applies the skills in the job. 2. Task identity: He has given to supervise the production unit. So, he has to perform the activities of the identifiable portion of total work. 3. Task significance: It is the most important term...
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...organizations, regardless of their type, is hardly possible without conscious efforts to realign operational priorities with the demands of the changing environment. Thus, successful achievement of the fundamental objectives of organizations is highly dependent on their ability to attune their operational focuses to the realities on the ground. Cognizant of this fact, Somali regional state capacity building bureau has recently embarked on an initiative aimed at redefining its major businesses in light of the objective demands. The bureau envisions bringing about radical change in its performance by applying Business Process Reengineering as a main tool. To this end, the existing Human Resources Development (HRD) core process has been identified to be an important candidate for the reengineering initiative. An existence of a HRD system which systematically coordinates the continuous human resource development, motivates civil servant to high level of performance, and ensures that they continue to maintain their commitment is essential to the successful achievement of the regional institutions mission and vision. However, because of traditional operational focuses, the existing HRD system of the bureau has for long been engulfed with a number of managerial and functional inefficiencies. In view of this, the bureau has assigned team consisting of four members to assess the basic features of the existing HRD system and redesign a new...
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...Maria Pavlovski Page 1 Assignment No. 1 Theoretical approaches in the use of counselling skills 1.1 Key characteristics and concepts of: Humanistic theory, The humanistic theory was developed by a group of American psychologists (Maslow, Rogers, Fritz Perls and others) who were disillusioned with the psychoanalytical approach in the 1940’s and 1950’s. Carl Rogers developed the person-centred approach based on the concept that the client was at the centre of the helping process and that they had their own self- healing capacity within themselves. He theorized that by creating a safe, confidential, non-judgemental and un-biased safe environment,and that the counsellor is open and genuine towards the client then the client will use their own wisdom in healing themselves in the way that’s right for them. The Humanistic theory is one of growth and development, it explores creativity, encourages self-awareness and self-development. Maslow theorized that people are always striving towards self-improvement, to grow and develop to their full potential. He called this self-actualization. He also theorized that people are always growing and changing in their life and he called this process actualization. Rogers theorized that people grow up developing behaviour which they feel is expected from them by family and society and that sometimes this behaviour is in conflict...
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...Antonio Hidalgo Nuchera Departamento de Ingeniería de Organización, Administración de Empresas y Estadística Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales Universidad Politécnica de Madrid vlopezr@etsii.upm.es; ahidalgo@etsii.upm.es Abstract Taking into consideration that work motivation can be enhanced not only by increasing the levels of responsibility, meaningfulness and feedback that are built into job (intrinsic motivation), but also by improving the workers relationships, the working conditions, and the incentives (extrinsic motivation), four groups of concrete motivators have been introduced in our motivational model. For these groups of concrete motivators, a number of core dimensions have been derived, measured and evaluated given us the opportunity to establish the relationship, in terms of indicators, between the installed technology and the motivation it inspires. There have been carried out two applications of the proposed model: one in the conditions of a university in Cuba and the other in several Mexican institutions. The results obtained show the validity of the model for determining the motivational quality of working environments. Resumen Tomando en consideración que la motivación en el trabajo puede mejorarse no solamente por el incremento de los niveles de responsabilidad, significado y retroalimentación que están incorporados en el trabajo (motivación intrínseca) sino también por el mejoramiento de las relaciones entre los trabajadores, las...
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...interdisciplinary approach of health services, biostatistics, and epidemiology are incorporated in public health. The purpose of this paper is to describe Center of disease control and prevention (CDC) as a public health agency and how it contributes to the core functions of public health. This paper will also examine the specific ways CDC influences the health care organizations and provider and will also discuss the roles of the agency workers including specific responsibilities, competencies, and skills. CDC as an agency and its contribution to the core functions of public health. CDC is the lead federal government public health agency and a key operational element of the Department of Health and Human Services. The CDC manages a variety of programs intended to control and prevent specific disability risks, injury, and disease on a national level through dissemination activities, program development, research, epidemiologic surveillance, and investigation. “CDC employs more than 15,000 employees in more than 50 countries and in 168 occupational categories” (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010. para. 4). CDC focuses on the protection of the health of all people along with scientific excellence. CDC has the core values of accountability, respect, and integrity. The agency collaborates with many national,...
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...the same strategy and the resources are heterogenic and mobile so the competitive advantage are not long lasting. Where as resource based model states that resources are immobile as well as heterogenic and can have long lasting competitive advantage. Firm resources are categorized into three types – physical capital resources, human capital resources and organizational capital resources. Some of the attributes of this resources can be used for developing strategies for increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of a firm. We need to specify conditions under which we can select resources which can be used as an competitive advantage. Competitive advantage means that a firm as a value added strategy over others and competitive advantage can only be sustainable if the other firms cannot duplicate that strategy. Once the strategy is being duplicate depending upon the strategy of the competitors or due to change in economic condition it is not longer sustainable. In an industry where firms have similar resources I,e resources are homogenous and mobile, it is not possible to have sustainable competitive advantage as they apply the same strategy to gain more efficiency and effectiveness. There can be a fast mover advantage of one firm over the other as one firm can develop the strategy quickly and can have control over the distribution channels and customer much earlier than others still the other firms will be able to...
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...Firstly it is to become aware about one’s own assumptions on behaviour, values, notions and limitations; becoming more self-aware. Secondly, is trying to understand the worldview of a client with a differing cultural background without any negativity. Finally, a culturally skilled counsellor acquires and puts into practice suitable strategies and skills while working with diverse clients. Since the publication and adoption by the American Counselling Association of the Sue, et al. (1982) multicultural counselling competencies (MCC) model, there has been some criticism that there had been little empirical research undertaken for the model (Chao, 2012). With a small amount of research being conducted this reduces the reliability of the results found. More research needs to be conducted in order for the model to be put in to use. Isom, Evans & Burkhalter (2015) state that the, “nature of self-awareness as a construct that informs multicultural competency is absent in the research literature” (p. 1). Again, this shows that the three areas introduced by Sue and Sue (1990) is lacking with the...
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...Human Resource Planning Definition * HRP is the process for identifying an organizations current and future human resource requirements, developing and implementing plans to meet these requirements, and monitoring their overall effectiveness. * HRP is putting right number of people with right skills at right place at right time to implement organizational strategies in order to achieve organizational objectives. * Planning is critical to strategy because it identifies gaps in capabilities which would prevent successful implementation Perspective of Human Resource Planning * MACRO HRP * Assessing & forecasting demand for & availability of skills at national / global level * Predict the kinds of skills that will be required in future & compare these with what is / will be available in the country * MICRO HRP * Process of forecasting demand for & supply of HR for specific organization * HRP Process - Determination of Quantity of Personnel Organisational Objectives HR Programming HR Needs Forecast HR Supply Forecast HRP Implementation Control & Evaluation Surplus - Restricted Hiring, Lay Off, VRS, Reduced Hours Shortage - Recruitment & Selection * Organizational Objectives & Policies involves: * Downsizing / Expansion * Acquisition / Merger / Sell-out * Technology upgrade/ Automation * New Markets & New Products * External Vs Internal hiring * Training...
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...TREATMENT There isn’t any known cure for autism; however there are treatments and training approaches that can deal a portion of the difficulties related with the condition. Intervention can help to tone-down disruptive behaviours and education can teach self-help skills for greater independence The objective of intervention is to enhance social correspondence and other dialect weaknesses and modify behaviours to improve an individual's quality of life and increase social acceptance. Basic results focus on improvements in social correspondence that affect the individual's ability to develop relationships, function adequately and actively partake in everyday activities. Treatment Strategies Individuals with ASD have unique requirements concerning...
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...the individuals, families, communities, and populations.” (American Nurses Association, 2004, p. 7) There is a lot of work in nursing. There are lot of cores, focuses, visions, and philosophies of nursing. In my opinion there are a lot of cores of nursing. So, I will be discussing a few different cores of nursing. One core of nursing is delivering quality care to the needs of the patients and families. You can do this through education, teaching and listening. The second core of nursing is patient education. “Patient teaching regardless of what medical condition or injury a patient is being treated for the success of the recovery process will be greatly affected by how well educated the patient is about what they are suffering from. (Right Health Community, 2008) Nurses should teach the patient about medications, and how to manage their daily living. The last core of nursing is love and passion for others. Why is one in nursing if they do not have love and passion for others? Without love and passion, patient outcomes are affected. You can show love and passion in a variety of ways. One way of showing love and passion could be taking the time to talk to a patient who does not have visitors or family. Love and passion helps the patient know that you care and will be with them in their time of need. These are some great cores of nursing to go by. There are a couple different focuses of nursing. One focus of nursing is helping the staff and getting all work done. Another focus...
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...THE PROCESS OF STRATEGIC PLANNING ARTICLE #1 OF 10 INTRODUCTION TO STRATEGIC PLANNING Strategic planning is to a business what a map is to a road rally driver. It is a tool that defines the routes that when taken will lead to the most likely probability of getting from where the business is to where the owners or stakeholders want it to go. And like a road rally, strategic plans meet detours and obstacles that call for adapting and adjusting as the plan is implemented. Strategic planning is a process that brings to life the mission and vision of the enterprise. A strategic plan, well crafted and of value, is driven from the top down; considers the internal and external environment around the business; is the work of the managers of the business; and is communicated to all the business stakeholders, both inside and outside of the company. As a company grows and as the business environment becomes more complex the need for strategic planning becomes greater. There is a need for all people in the corporation to understand the direction and mission of the business. Companies consistently applying a disciplined approach to strategic planning are better prepared to evolve as the market changes and as different market segments require different needs for the products or services of the company. The benefit of the discipline that develops from the process of strategic planning, leads to improved communication. It facilitates effective decision-making, better selection of tactical options...
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