...INTRODUCTION This poster presentation is about coronary heart disease and women. Along with the supporting paper I will attempt to identify women’s perception of CHD and some of the risk factors. The author will define coronary heart disease (CHD), and show its implication for women TOPIC AND RATIONALE Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the single largest killer of women in the United Kingdom (Hatchett and Thompson, 2002; Julian et al 2005; Mikhail, 2005). Women perceive breast cancer as a greater risk than CHD though 16% of all deaths in women in the United Kingdom (UK) were from CHD, in comparison to 4% for breast cancer (British Heart Foundation, 2005). It is suggested that these misperceptions may lead women to underestimate their risk for CHD and fail to seek early interventions to prevent unnecessary morbidity and mortality (Hart, 2005). I chose this topic for my poster presentation after reading an article in the newspaper regarding women’s perception of CHD. It sparked my interest as the article made me realize that breast and cervical cancer were at the forefront of my mind, with CHD rarely thought about. This perception I realized was due to the media; in women’s magazines where the campaign for breast awareness is highly visible and the general media where CHD is portrayed as the preserve of the white middle aged male. The BHF, which published the report on women and CHD, seem to perpetuate this view in their current campaign (BHF, 2006a). The campaign...
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...Introduction Coronary heart diseases (CHDs) are a common disease in the world. Coronary heart diseases are the most common disease in the United Kingdom. According to World Health Organization (WHO), 150,000 people were death from coronary heart disease in the United Kingdom per year (Martin et. al., 2011). The mortality rate of coronary heart disease is increased in Hong Kong. Heart disease is the third high mortality rate, special coronary heart disease (Anon, 2014d). Hypertension, diabetes and obesity are the high risk groups of coronary heart disease. Diet as a factor is affected the risk of coronary heart disease (Anon, 2014c). Coronary heart diseases are caused by fatty material, such as saturated fat and trans-fat. The fatty material is made the vessel lumen became narrow. The blood pressure of coronary vessel increased (David et. al., 2012). The aging of blood vessel is loss the elastic and became hard and thick. It is caused not enough blood supply to the heart. Omega-3 is a type of polyunsaturated fatty acid. It is included alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). World Health Organization suggested that 1-2 servings of fish per week and a serving need to provide 200-500 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (Anon, 2014b). Omega-3 can control many of...
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...Heart disease, also known as the “silent killer” is one of the number one causes of death in both men and women in the United States, claiming approximately one million lives annually. More die of heart disease than AIDS and all cancers combined and by 2020, heart disease will be the leading cause of death worldwide. Types of heart disease include congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathy, angina, congestive heart failure just to name a few. The most common of all heart diseases is coronary heart disease also known as coronary artery disease. What is coronary artery disease? Coronary artery disease happens when the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle become hardened and narrowed. This is due to the buildup of salt, fat, cholesterol and other material, called plaque, on the inner walls. This condition is known as atherosclerosis which leads to blockages. This process leaves the heart with a lack of oxygen and blood forcing it to work harder (high blood pressure/hypertension). As the heart continues to do this, the wall of the arteries weakens and becomes very fragile. At this stage, one of the arteries may rupture and form a blood clot that clogs up in the artery and block the pathways for blood to flow through to the heart muscle resulting to a heart attack. There are various factors that may cause the damage to the coronary artery such as smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes or an inactive lifestyle. What is the normal homeostasis of...
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...A pharmacological overview of Statin as a treatment for hyperlipidemia Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the major cause of death in elderly above the age of 65 [1]. CHD risk associated with diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and elevated cholesterol blood level [2]. Hyperlipidemia is a main cause of atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis-related conditions, like coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, and ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Hyperlipidemia (hypocholesteremia) is correlated with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) level and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) [3]. Hyperlipidemia attributes to genetic disorder and sedentary life style (physical inactivity, and diets high in saturated fat...
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...Cardiovascular disease also referred to as heart disease, is the narrowing or even blockage of the coronary arteries, which are blood vessels that supply blood to the heart. When the vessels are blocked, series of conditions may occur such as, heart attacks, strokes, chest pains, etc. However, coronary heart disease (CHD) happens slowly over time. Coronary heart disease is caused by atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is the buildup of cholesterol (usually LDL, or triglycerides) and plaque deposits on the inner walls of the arteries. The buildup of the two can constrain blood flow to the heart muscle by substantially clogging the artery, or it may even cause abnormal artery functioning. Cardiovascular disease actually starts very young, as a child. Blood vessel walls begin to display strips of fat. Over time and with age, the fat builds up, causing small damage to your blood vessel walls. The fat turns eventually turns into plaque, as time goes by, the inside of the arteries develop plaques of different sizes. (Cleveland clinic). Being overweight or obese can lead to an accumulation of plaque in arteries. A plaque can rupture, causing a clot to form, and can dangerously lead to a stroke. According to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, if you are overweight or obese, you are at an increased risk of having abnormal levels of blood fats; including,...
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...diet – exercise – because - if you reduce bad fats in diet and increase good fats and you’re exercising – this helps with an increase in High Density lipoproteins (HDL’s)….which are a type of cholesterol which is good for you – prevents CHD…….seems to mop up Low Density lipoproteins (LDL’s) – which is the ‘bad’ cholesterol. If smoking – stop! (any smoking is bad for you) If drinking alcohol – cut down do government recommended levels (some studies have shown the occasional glass of red wine can ‘thin / clean’ the blood - and help prevent CHD) Try to reduce stress – eg work les hrs, take break from family chores etc – more sleep Medical Surgery – bypass surgery – remove good blood vessels (usually from leg) and ‘bypass’ the blockage in coronary arteries Surgery – angioplasty – stent –widen blocked passage with ‘balloon’ – keep ipen with stent (scaffold) – blood passes throught more freely. Anti-thrombotic drugs – prevents blood clots which can worsen any blockage – blood ‘thinning’ – warfarin drugs – rat poison Blood pressure...
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...Heart disease is a serious problem in the United States; every 33 seconds, a person dies from Cardio Vascular Disease in the United States. It is the leading cause of death for both men and women. Every 20 seconds, one person has a heart attack in the United States. Every day, nearly 2,500 people die in the United States due to heart disease. (3,4) The heart is a vital organ, pumping blood, which carries essential oxygen and nutrients all around the body. As a powerfully active muscle, the heart needs plentiful supply of oxygen and nutrients. The heart has its own specific blood supply, the coronary arteries. There are two major coronary arteries the right and left located on the aorta. The amount of blood that flows to the heart is determined...
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...Abstract Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) is the most common disease of the blood vessels. Affecting about 8.5 million people in the United States of America, PVD is more prevalent in older adults, smokers, diabetics, and people with high blood pressure. Individuals who have a family history of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and stroke are also at increased risk. In diabetics and older adults, PVD is the leading cause of disability. Although PVD can be asymptomatic, there are a few different tests which can diagnose it. There are many misconceptions about PVD. Most people, especially older adults, believe the pain associated with PVD is a sign of normal aging. Many people believe, after being diagnosed with PVD, the only treatment option involves surgery and amputation. Even though surgery is a treatment option, the use of medications and other medical...
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...Heart disease is known mainly as coronary heart disease (CHD). It is the leading cause of death in the United States among men and women. Coronary heart disease, a result of coronary artery disease, is a chronic illness that will occur when the coronary arteries narrow due to plaque buildup along the artery walls, thus constricting the blood supply to the heart. It can cause symptoms such as shortness of breath, angina, myocardial infarction, and much more. As a community, we should be aware and well educated on what harmful risks we may face and should do our best to defend ourselves from these harms. Around the world, heart disease is the number one killer among most countries, specifically, the United States, Europe, and Asia. In developed...
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...At the age of 72-years-old, Frank suffers from several health issues due to his lack of exercise. However, if Frank sat aside time each day designed for a walking program, he could potentially improve his physical and mental health. For starters, Frank had a cardiac arrest and also suffers from arthritis in his knees and several other joints. However, if Frank participated in a walking program he would be able to benefit from the cardiovascular aspects of it. For example, if Frank started walking he would be able strengthen his heart muscles and decrease his chances of getting a heart attack. He would also reduce his risk of a coronary heart disease and increase the efficiency of his heart and lungs. Frank’s muscle and bone condition would...
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...Using cigarette can cause you a different disease like; Increased heart rate and blood pressure, coronary heart Disease, arteriosclerosis, chronicbronchitis, emphysema,Asthma, cough, colds, tuberculosis and lung cancer. Please, avoid smoking to have a healthy lifestyle. #3RDYEARSILVER. Using cigarette can cause you a different disease like; Increased heart rate and blood pressure, coronary heart Disease, arteriosclerosis, chronicbronchitis, emphysema,Asthma, cough, colds, tuberculosis and lung cancer. Please, avoid smoking to have a healthy lifestyle. #3RDYEARSILVER. Using cigarette can cause you a disease like; Increased heart rate and blood pressure, coronary heart Disease,chronicbronchitis,emphysema,Asthma, cough, colds, tuberculosis and lung cancer. Please, avoid smoking to have a healthy lifestyle. #3RDYEARSILVER. Using cigarette can cause you a different disease like; Increased heart rate and blood pressure, coronary heart Disease, arteriosclerosis, chronicbronchitis, emphysema,Asthma, cough, colds, tuberculosis and lung cancer. Please, avoid smoking to have a healthy lifestyle. #3RDYEARSILVER. Using cigarette can cause you a different disease like; Increased heart rate and blood pressure, coronary heart Disease, arteriosclerosis, chronicbronchitis, emphysema,Asthma, cough, colds, tuberculosis and lung cancer. Please, avoid smoking...
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...hand. There are several diseases that can be caused when a person does not control the level of stress they have in their life. An unhealthy lifestyle consists of stress, depression, eating high fat foods, and not exercising enough. The more a person knows about how to control their stress levels will help them to deal with some of the diseases that they might get and will also help them to live healthy to control the risk of getting any unhealthy diseases. In this paper I will strive to describe what the multifactorial model is and how it relates to the diagnosis of illnesses. I have also selected two health problems which I will explain what role psychology has played in understanding and managing these problems. The health problems that I have selected are coronary heart disease and menstrual problems. The multifactorial model is described as the belief that health and illnesses are a function of several factors that involve biological, psychological, and cultural domains, and how they interact with each other (Nevid & Rathus, 2005). People might wonder how some people become ill easily and some don’t, or maybe why some people are affected by health problems while others are not. According to the multifactorial model there isn’t one answer to why this happens. There are many factors that include genetics and lifestyle choices. Genes play a role in a person having a chance of getting certain diseases, but they do not guarantee that the disease will be passed down from...
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...Introduction In the following easy I will be discussing how stress can cause health issues. This is one of the leading causes of health issues. Stress causes many problems in our bodies and has continued to grow on day to day bases. While there are many way to cope with stress not all can ease it. There has been study that stress causes heart disease. Stress has been known to cause heart attacks, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and Coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease is the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in North America (Myers, 2011). While stress can control our daily life there are ways to help keep our stress level stay down. Many of time just a simple work out can help relieve stress or just taking a ride on a bike. I choose to use martial arts to help relieve my stress. Since I own a martial arts school it’s very easy for me just to hop in my car and go punch on a bag to help my stress level. Stress can also cause anger problems; if we let our stress bottle up and don’t find ways to release it then eventually we will come (unglued) as a call it. When we are easily angered, verbally aggressive, and anger prone this is what Friedman and Roseman’s call Type A (Myers, 2011). The ones who are easygoing and relaxed people Friedman and Roseman’s call Type B (Myers, 2011). Stress can also cause us to come down with illness or break out with rashes. ...
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...lot of diseases which affect our communities. These diseases end up causing a lot of deaths. It is therefore important that nurses come up with a strategy of managing these deadly diseases. Examples of these deadly diseases are the heart diseases and stroke. Heart diseases are the leading causes of deaths in America. Stroke is ranked the third most cause of death in America. A combination of the two diseases poses a great threat to the communities of the United States. An advantage which people have over these diseases is that, these are also the most preventable diseases. They are caused by various factors which may include diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking cigarettes, obesity and overweight. These diseases are controllable by one managing their own lifestyles and living a healthy life. The issue being looked in this context is to reduce the community health problems. (Kvan, 2008) The goal of the nursing assessments is to improve the various health care systems in various communities and hence improve the quality of life. This is done through treatment of risk factors which cause heart diseases. The only hope about heart diseases and stroke is that, an early detection of any cardiovascular diseases can be easily treated. The community development programs prevent the reoccurrence of repeated cardiovascular diseases.(Lloyd, 2010) However, this is not an easy task. First, controlling the factors which majorly contribute to stroke and heart diseases...
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...magnificent as the heart. It seems interesting that it is also placed at the center of our bodies. Without this amazing muscle made of involuntary striated muscle cells, we would not be able to live. It is a mean machine! It only takes about 20 seconds to circulate the blood through the entire body. An adult heart pumps approximately 2,000 gallons of blood throughout the body. However, there are plenty of other organs in our bodies that we can do without and they do not necessarily sustain our wellbeing. For example, we can live just fine with only one kidney. Also, our spleen, tonsils, appendix and gallbladder can be removed, but that is not the case for our heart. We need its’ life sustaining abilities in order to live. The heart is not only associated with our physical well- being, but it also is strongly linked to our emotional well being as well. “The Greeks believed the heart was the seat of the spirit, the Chinese associated it with the center for happiness and the Egyptians thought the emotions and intellect rose from the heart.” (Condron, 2011). The heart is so much more than just an organ that pumps blood throughout the body. It is a key factor to life. When the heart has issues, it is a domino effect in the body and other body systems are affected too. There are a multitude of problems that can arise with the cardiac system. One of these problems is angina. Key Principles Angina can be defined as a discomfort or pain in the area of the heart or chest...
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