...journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/0951-3558.htm IJPSM 24,3 Knowledge sharing among public sector employees: evidence from Malaysia Manjit Singh Sandhu Department of Management, School of Business, Monash University, Sunway Campus, Malaysia 206 Received 10 September 2009 Revised 2 April 2010 Accepted 27 April 2010 Kamal Kishore Jain Indian Institute of Management, Indore, India, and Ir Umi Kalthom bte Ahmad Implementation Coordination Unit, Prime Minister’s Department, Federal Government Administration Centre, Putrajaya, Malaysia Abstract Purpose – The main purpose of this paper is to: identify the views of public sector employees towards the importance of Knowledge Sharing (KS); identify the barriers to KS; and identify initiatives that may encourage KS. Design/methodology/approach – The design employed in this research was mainly descriptive in nature. A survey-based methodology employing a research questionnaire was used to elicit the views of public sector employees towards KS. A total of 320 questionnaires were randomly distributed and 170 were successfully collected, giving a response rate of 60 percent. Findings – The results showed that the respondents were very positive in their views towards “importance of KS” and they also strongly felt that knowledge was a source of competitive advantage. However, they were of the view that the importance of knowledge sharing was not clearly communicated and many of them were not sure whether KS strategy...
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...essential component in achieving high reliability particularly in healthcare organizations. A team consists of two or more individuals, who have specific roles, performs interdependent tasks, are adaptable and share a common goal. To work effectively together, team members must possess specific knowledge, skills and attitudes, such as the skills in monitoring each other’s performance, knowledge of their own and teammate’s task responsibilities and a positive disposition towards working in a team. Teamwork is critical for the delivery of healthcare. Physicians, nurses, pharmacists, technicians and other health professionals must coordinate their activities to deliver safe and efficient patient care. Characteristics of Effective Teams: Team Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes | Characteristics of Effective Teams (Salas, Sims, and Klein 2004) | Team leadership | Have a clear common purpose | | Team member roles are clear but not overly rigid | | Involve the right people in decisions | | Conduct effective meetings | | Establish and revise team goals and plans | | Team members believe the leaders care about them | | Distribute and assign work thoughtfully | Backup behavior | Compensate for each other | | Manage conflict well-team members confront each other effectively | | Regularly provide feedback to each other, both individually and as a team (“debrief”) | | “Deal” with poor performers | | Are self-correcting | Mutual performance monitoring | Effectively...
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...1. Three distinctive approaches to knowledge management at Toyota The automobile industry is one that is very competitive, one method of increasing market share is by staying ahead of competition through exploitation of new knowledge to deliver more efficient processes or products (Chaston, 2004). Focusing on “ The Toyota Way” case study, three distinctive approaches have been discussed below; Metanational Company; . Toyota’s attitude of learning local and acting global describes the true meaning of being a metanational organization. Through this Toyota is able to understand local needs and wants and keep strong relationships with local suppliers to sustain competitive advantages. A Metanational describes firms that creates advantages on a worldwide scale instead of being limited to the “Home-Country” (Doz et al,1997).Such organizations understand the advantages of learning from different industries and keeping relationships with suppliers strong to sustain competitive advantage. The recession, the maturity of the Japanese industry and the opportunity in emergent markets has all contributed to the creation of Toyota as a metanational organization. The essence of this manifestation is its ability in accessing, melding, and leveraging distant capabilities and market knowledge Doz et al, 1997). Additionally Doz et al (1997) explain that in most companies important knowledge resides in the workplace; factory floors, within sales etc. Therefor by employing local talents to...
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...Chapter 1 - Knowledge of objectives is a prerequisite for the design of any MCS and, indeed, for any purposeful activities – objectives do not have to be quantified and do not have to be financial - Strategies define how organizations should use their resources to meet these objectives – a well-conceived strategy guides employees in successfully pursuing their organizations’ objectives; it conveys to employees what they are supposed to be doing - Strategic control involves managers addressing the question: Is our strategy valid/is our strategy still valid, and if not, how should it be changed? - Management control focuses on execution and it involves addressing the general question: Are our employees likely to behave appropriately? Do our Employees understand what we expect of them? Will they work consistently hard and try to do what is expected of them (will they pursue the organization’s objectives in line with the strategy)? Are they capable of doing a good job? - Managers addressing strategic control issues have a focus primarily external to the organization; they examine the industry and their organization’s place in it - Managers addressing management control issues have a primarily internal focus; they reflect how they can influence employees’ behaviors in desired ways Causes of Management Control Problems 1. Lack of Direction – some employees perform inadequately simply because they do not know what the organization wants from them; therefore, one function involves...
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...A Study of Online Film Reviews’ Reliability and Watching Film’s Intention INTRODUCTION Today myriads of people search for information online rather than non-internet channels. According to the statistics reported by clickz.com (2005), the quantity of netizens has reached nine million in Taiwan. They make use of the internet to gain knowledge and search for information. Moreover, they also take advantage of the internet to browse the film reviews on film reviews’ websites. Among those netizens, a part of group is made up by college students. However, the deficient reliability of websites was found by college students. What exactly college students would have that thought in mind was the research purpose. As the computer technology grows rapidly, people are bombarded by a large reservoir of information which offers the marketers a challenge because “… as consumers adopt new technologies, their behaviors change” (Zinkhan, 1998). When college students want to see a movie, they check the online review website before they really go to that movie. Yet some of online comments are not matched to the reality. Because the comments on the film review website said the movie was good, the college students didn’t like the “good movie” which was commented on the website. Because of this situation, some people trust the comments on online film review but some do not. Within the extensive literature on the influence of online film review, little research has been done on...
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...THE STUDY OF THE EFFECT SOCIAL MEDIA FACEBOOK AND ITS MOBILE APPLICATIONS ON THE PURCHASING INTENTION OF FASHION APPAREL PRODUCTS TOWARDS THE GENERATIONS Y CONSUMERS IN HONG KONG SIN KIT YING, EMILY BA(Hons)Scheme in Fashion and Textiles (Fashion Marketing and Merchandising Management) INSTITUTE OF TEXTILES & CLOTHING THE HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY 2015 THE STUDY OF THE EFFECT SOCIAL MEDIA FACEBOOK AND ITS MOBILE APPLICATIONS ON THE PURCHASING INTENTION OF FASHION APPAREL PRODUCTS TOWARDS THE GENERATIONS Y CONSUMERS IN HONG KONG A Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Bachelor of Arts (Honours) in Fashion & Textiles (Fashion Marketing and Merchandising Management Specialism) under the Supervision of Dr. CHANG M.T. Jimmy by Emily, Kit Ying SIN Institute of Textiles & Clothing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University May 2015 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I hereby declare that this thesis is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it reproduces no material previously published or written, nor material that has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma, except where due acknowledgement had been made in the text. _____________________________________________________(Signed) __________________________________________________(Name of student) ABSTRACT Summary of the contents and finding of the thesis briefly LIST OF TABLES ...
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...Dennis G. Erwin studied critical factors influencing individual resistance to organizational change based on the literature review of the previous studies. The main objective of the current study is to give some directions to change agents and management team in the organization in order to effectively manage the resistance to change. The selected studies that the author used as the literature review combined a variety of organizational types in both different regional context and change environment. According to the previous studies, the author categorized resistance to change into three dimensions which included behavioural, cognitive and affective dimensions. Firstly, the behavioural dimension works with the way each individual reacts against the change implementation. This behavior can be shown in either positive or negative way of resistance when he or she responses to change. In this respect, this might depend on the degree of individuals’ receptivity (‘readiness’), readiness (active or passive), openness (covert or overt) and support (supportive or resistant) to change initiatives. Secondly, the cognitive dimension involves each individual’s attitude toward the change. According to his study based on those findings, change commitment and evaluations can lead to negative cognitive attitudes toward change. It’s not quite clear whether he mentioned the commitment from management team in the organization or employee commitment, and it’s about the evaluations from previous...
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...Examining the effect of leadership behavior and organizational culture on knowledge management Introduction: From 1993 knowledge was an important economic resources and to gain the competitive advantage organization should have emphasis on knowledge. Now a day its knowledge based economy in which knowledge based organizations have focus on the process of knowledge management which is knowledge creation, knowledge acquiring/learning, knowledge sharing and knowledge transferring. Organizational knowledge has two types tacit and explicit knowledge. Tacit knowledge basically subjective and experiential based which cannot be express in words while explicit knowledge based on objective and rational knowledge which can be express in words. According to Maggie Haines, NHS Acting Director of KM “Knowledge management is a process that emphasizes generating, capturing and sharing information know how and integrating these into business practices and decision making for greater organizational benefit.” Leaders play important and significant role in developing and maintenance the culture in an organization. An effective leader should be have understanding of organizational culture so that they can implement knowledge management effectively (S.K. Sharma & A. Sharma, 2010). Organizational culture means believe and value structure in an organization. We have taken two approaches of leadership; transformational and transactional leadership behavior. Problem statement: In developing...
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...Introduction Kenya has a vibrant entrepreneurial base with the potential of becoming competitive globally. There is a shift from manufacturing to a flexible labor based economy, a phenomena commonly referred to as knowledge based economy (Formica, 2005). Entrepreneurship as a whole contributes to social-economic wealth by creating new markets, new industries, new technology, new institutional forms, new jobs, and net increases in real productivity (Ngugi, 2014). Despite the vital role entrepreneurship plays in the economy, there are numerous challenges facing entrepreneurship development. The Micro and Small enterprises bear the brunt of it all (Pike 2007). It is estimated that as many as 75% of small enterprises started in Kenya fail within three years of their birth. Indeed an enterprise that is more than three years old is regarded as having achieved some measure of success. Therefore, there is the need to strengthen entrepreneurship to nurture nascent entrepreneurs and achieve the goal of enterprise development. The following are methods of strengthening entrepreneurship in Kenya: Strengthening financial systems The biggest challenge to entrepreneurial ventures is lack of capital to realize entrepreneurial dreams. A lack of resilient financial systems has been a hindrance to development of MSEs and hence entrepreneurship. A sound financial system therefore improves the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Private equity and venture capital are an important source of seed money...
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...uk SCOTTISH JOURNAL OF ARTS, SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES VOLUME 6, ISSUE I NOVEMBER, 2012 Articles The Mediating Effect of Knowledge Management Processes on the Relationship Between The Dimensions of Organizational Culture and Knowledge Management Performance 3 B. Cagla Garipagaoglu 3 Institutional Responsibilities of Social Housing Provision in Nigeria Charles Asenime Ph.D Oni, S. I; Ege, E. E; Ekop, Godwin; & Oke, S. O. 25 25 25 Ain Skhouna’s (Algeria) Wet Ecosystems Ecological Characters And Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (L.C.Z) Reservoir Dynamic 39 S.Belgat, A.Benmahdi A.Ikhlef, Y.Rahou A.Kebaili, M.Baghdad, L. Houti 39 39 39 Comparative Effect of Chrysanthemum Macrocarpum and Stachys Mialhesi on the Rats Aorta Exposed to Homocysteine with B Vitamins 54 Zerizer S Kawther S. Zaher Boutaghane N. Laggoune S. Kabouche Z. 1 54 54 54 54 54 Scottish Journal of Arts, Social Sciences and Scientific Studies - ISSN 2047-1278 http://scottishjournal.co.uk Producing Better and Effective Community Leaders Dr. Mohammad Shatar Sabran Dr. Seri Rahayu Kamat Norhidayah Hashim Dr. Isa Halim Siti Aisah Mustapa 65 65 77 77 77 77 Strength Capabilities and Subjective Limit of Repetitive Manual Insertion Task 77 Teacher support in the classroom: The impacts on students’ attitudes toward Mathematics 95 Mohamad Ali Roshidi bin Ahmad Mohd Yahya bin Mohd Hussin Fidlizan bin Muhammad Ting Jing Jing 95 95 95 95 Academic achievement at the...
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...INDIVIDUAL PREFERENCES TOWARDS KNOWLEDGE CREATION AND KNOWLEDGE SHARING: FIRST EMPIRICAL RESULTS FROM KNOWLEDGE-INTENSIVE COMPANIES Author: Tatiana Andreeva Graduate School of Management, St.Petersburg State University, St.Petersburg, Russia Abstract: Both knowledge-creation and knowledge-sharing are viewed as very significant for competitiveness of an organization in modern knowledge economy. Contemporary literature usually treats these two processes as either independent or positively related. However, analyzing various organizational conditions for efficient course of these processes, we proposed that in some cases they may contradict each other. Thus on micro-level of analysis we hypothesized that there were two distinct non-overlapping groups of individuals – those more disposed towards knowledge creation, and those more disposed towards knowledge sharing. This hypothesis was examined with empirical data from employees of 5 knowledge-intensive companies. Author contact information: Tatiana E.Andreeva, Ph.D. Senior Lecturer, Organizational Behaviour and Human Resources Management department, Graduate School of Management, St.Petersburg State University 16, Dekabristov per., St.Petersburg, Russia, 199155 Phone: (7-812) 350-8155 Fax: (7-812) 350-0406 e-mail: andreeva@som.pu.ru 1. INTRODUCTION Managing knowledge-related processes in organizations is one of the hotly discussed themes of the last decade. Both management practitioners and academics ...
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...teams work together for a meaningful length of time. (Tenure). 5. Authority to manage own work and internal processes. Teams operate in larger social system context. (Larger organization) A working group by contrast, consists of people who learn from one another and share ideas but are not interdependent in an important fashion and are not working towards a shared goal. Help others but maintain the goal of achieving independent goals. 4 Challenges proving importance of teams: 1. Customer Service- Transactional models of teamwork are characterized by discrete exchanges, are short term in nature and contain little interactions between customer and the vendor. In contrast relational models of teamwork occur over time , are more intense, and are built upon a relationship between the people involved. 2. Competition- Industry leaders often enjoy vast economies of scale and earn tremendous profits. Teams withing organizations need to work even harder to compete with industry leaders and even often to specialize more. 3. Information Age- In the knowledge era employees are knowledge workers and teams are knowledge integrators. Managers have a new role to identify key resources that will best implement the team’s objectives and then to facilitate the coordination’s of those resources for the company purposes....
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...The School Culture Attitudes and Beliefs Attitudes Toward Change Cultural Norms Cultural Norms that Facilitate School Improvement Relationships The term culture has been defined in various ways by many authors as discussed earlier in this paper. Here the culture of the school will be viewed as the existence of an interplay between three factors: the attitudes and beliefs of persons both inside the school and in the external environment, the cultural norms of the school, and the relationships between persons in the school. Each of these factors may present barriers to change or a bridge to long-lasting implementation of school improvement. It bears repeating, however, that the interrelatedness of these facets of the school most strongly affects the efforts of those seeking to improve schools. As Fullan (1991) notes, factors affecting implementation "form a system of variables that interact to determine success or failure" (p. 67). The Impact of Culture An examination of school culture is important because, as Goodlad's study (1984) points out, "alike as schools may be in many ways, each school has an ambience (or culture) of its own and, further, its ambience may suggest to the careful observer useful approaches to making it a better school" (p. 81). Krueger and Parish (1982), in their study of five districts implementing and then discontinuing programs, postulate that the key to program implementation and continuation is "the interactive relationships that teachers...
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...CRITICAL REVIEW ON STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ON HUMAN CAPITAL IN NEW ECONOMY Zubaidah binti Haji Harun Email address : zupian@yahoo.com PhD Candidate,Faculty of Business Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam,Selangor ABSTRACT New economy can be meaning of many way. It can be defines knowledgebased economy, globalize economy, digital economy. When economy need knowledge more than other tangible assets, the human resources are become the vital resource and assumed as an asset to an organization. Knowledge workers or called human capital have different characteristics contrast to non-knowledge workers. To be competitive advantage in present marketplace, human capital should be treat as a capital to an organization and must be managed significantly and neatly. Human Resource Department becomes an important part to deal with a lot of challenges in managing human capital in new economy. Keywords : New economy; Knowledge – based economy; Human capital; Knowledge Management; Intellectual Capital INTRODUCTION In this 21st century, the global economy was shift to new economy or be known as knowledge – based economy (k-economy) There is no longer agricultural and industrial economy but we are now entering to knowledge society which is work is linked to knowledge and learning. The rise of the new economy, the knowledge component of products and services has increased dramatically in importance and has become the dominant component of customer value. There are two types...
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...competitive market. Stress can be brought about by pressures at home and at work. Employers cannot usually protect workers from stress arising outside of work, but they can protect them from that which arises from work. Stress may be defined as "a state of psychological and / or physiological imbalance resulting from the disparity between situational demand and the individual's ability and / or motivation to meet those demands." Dr. Hans Selye, one of the leading authorities on the concept of stress, described stress as "the rate of all wear and tear caused by life." Stress in an organisation can also be refer to us the response people or workers may have when presented work work demands and pressures the are not matched to their knowledge and abilities and which challenges their ability to cope Sources of Stress, Factors that cause stress are called "Stressors." The following are the sources or causes of an organisational and non-organisational stress. 1. Causes of an Organisational Stress The main sources or causes of an organisational stress are:- Career Concern : If an employee feels that he is very much behind in corporate ladder, then he may experience stress and if he feels that there are no opportunities for self-growth he may experience stress. Hence unfulfilled career expectations are a major source of stress. Role Ambiguity: It occurs when the person does not known what he is supposed to do on...
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