...directions. We review the subject as it relates to the challenges of transnational business and more specifically with reference to business operations in the emerging and transforming economies of Eastern Europe such as the newly independent regions of the former Soviet Union (FSU). The observed “globalization” of business is the precursor to the growing interdependency of peoples around the world; the development of a “Global Community.” This appears to be an inescapable and major event that is contributing to the dissolution of boundaries between customary disciplines of knowledge, information, technology, countries and peoples around the world. Associated with this phenomenon is an intensifying need to provide a strategic global approach in management education.(Mitry & Thomas, 2000) ~ In the new era of globalization, the traditional approaches with their cross-cultural impotence are too narrowly focused to provide adequate direction for management education, training and practice (Yanouzas and Boukis, 1993). ~The traditional approaches have Western culture as their underlying precept and the previous research has been largely conducted in the context of American business settings (Adler,...
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...CULTURE SPECIFIC AND CROSSCULTURALLY GENERALIZABLE IMPLICIT LEADERSHIP THEORIES: ARE ATTRIBUTES OF CHARISMATIC/TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP UNIVERSALLY ENDORSED?1 This study focuses on culturally endorsed implicit theories of leadership (CLTs). Although crosscultural research emphasizes that different cultural groups likely have different conceptions of what leadership should entail, a controversial position is argued here: namely that attributes associated with charismatic/transformational leadership will be universally endorsed as contributing to outstanding leadership. This hypothesis was tested in 62 cultures as part of the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) Research Program. Universally endorsed leader attributes, as well as attributes that are universally seen as impediments to outstanding leadership and culturally contingent attributes are presented here. The results support the hypothesis that specific aspects of charismatic/transformational leadership are strongly and universally endorsed across cultures. Deanne N. Den Hartog Vrije Universiteit-Amsterdam Representing the Netherlands Robert J. House University of Pennsylvania Principal Investigator Paul J. Hanges University of Maryland Principal Investigator S. Antonio Ruiz-Quintanilla Cornell University GLOBE Coordinating Team Direct all correspondence to: Deanne N. Den Hartog, Free University, Work and Organizational Psychology, v.d. Boechorst straat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands;...
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...GMGT 530 GMGT530 Complete Course Click below link for Answer http://workbank247.com/q/gmgt-530-gmgt530-complete-course/28010 GMGT 530 Week 1 Organizational Behavior Issues Paper ABC, Inc. is a competitor of your organization headquartered in a different country on a different continent. ABC has just announced that its shareholders approved the acquisition of your company. As the CEO in the acquired company, you have been asked to start the process of creating the changes necessary to make the merger-acquisition successful. You are being held accountable for maintaining your organization’s performance measures while dealing with the human elements of this situation. Resources: University Library and textbook readings Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper describing the key challenges that will face the organizations as they merge. To accomplish this, you must complete the following: * State the assumptions you will use for your analysis; specifically, identify the industry for both companies and the country where each company is located. In addition, identify the specific organizations you will be discussing. Select a company, for example, that will be ABC, Inc. for your specific situation. * Identify the elements of your organization’s culture and your perceptions of the importance of each element for your organization to operate effectively. * Use the text reading and at least three peer-reviewed sources from the University Library resources to identify the key...
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...THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CROSS-CULTURAL TRAINING FOR EXECUTIVES IN OIL & GAS COMPANIES WITHIN THE KLANG VALLEY A Master’s Project submitted in partial fulfilment Of the requirements for the degree of Master of Human Resource Management The Effectiveness of Cross-Cultural Training for Executives in Oil & Gas Companies within the Klang Valley ABSTRACT Cross-cultural interactions are rapidly increasing. Globalisation and cultural diverse communities are lending themselves to daily intercultural exchanges. With greater diversity, we require greater open-mindedness, tolerance and sensitivity. Those in direct contact with culturally different members are in greater need of such skills, and often require training to become more cross-culturally sensitive. Cross-cultural training program for individual going abroad, address such issues and prepare participants to work and live overseas. Cultural conflicts affect the efficiency of the employees’ performance at workplaces and it is believed that employees from different cultural backgrounds will have to improve their communication skills. An intercultural training programme is needed in order to prepare multicultural employees for surprises that could arise in complex cultural situations without being frustrated, stressed, and puzzled. TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE PAGE ABSTRACT ii ABSTRAK ...
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...How Does Leaders Communication Style in Multinational Organization Impact Upon the Achieving of Goals Table of Contents Introduction 3 Universal Leadership in Multinational Companies 4 Interpersonal Acumen and Leadership Communication in MNCs 4 Various Dimensions of Societal Culture and Effective Leadership 5 Cross-Cultural Dimensions of Leadership Communication in Achieving Goals 9 Recognition of Cross-Cultural Leadership for Attaining Goals 9 Conclusion 10 References 12 Introduction Business scenario at present is changing. This change in business environment has been dealt from different aspects in the form of emerging markets, globalization, exponential rate of change, different competitors, new technologies and many such. In short, it is to be identified that all these aspects lead to development of the concept called multiculturalism. Multiculturalism surely affects multinational companies and ultimately people and business worldwide. Due to changing business environment considerable changes in leadership communication styles have also taken place to cope up with the dynamic market trends. There had been a significant change in management and control focus to that of alignment focus. Also, significant change has occurred in the communication styles as different modes of communication and system of close interaction between the management and the rest of the organization are being introduced. As an inevitable consequence, the culture in multinational...
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...International Journal of Cross Cultural Management http://ccm.sagepub.com A Cross Cultural Perspective on Perceived Leadership Effectiveness Jun Yan and James G. Jerry Hunt International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 2005; 5; 49 DOI: 10.1177/1470595805050824 The online version of this article can be found at: http://ccm.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/5/1/49 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for International Journal of Cross Cultural Management can be found at: Email Alerts: http://ccm.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://ccm.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations (this article cites 6 articles hosted on the SAGE Journals Online and HighWire Press platforms): http://ccm.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/5/1/49#BIBL Downloaded from http://ccm.sagepub.com at N E Wales Inst of H E on February 28, 2007 © 2005 SAGE Publications. All rights reserved. Not for commercial use or unauthorized distribution. CCM International Journal of 2005 Vol 5(1): 49–66 Cross Cultural Management A Cross Cultural Perspective on Perceived Leadership Effectiveness Jun Yan California State University, USA James G. (Jerry) Hunt Institute for Leadership Research, Texas Tech University, USA ABSTRACT We propose a theoretical model to explain how societal/cultural settings may influence the leadership perception processes of followers...
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...Cross Cultural Management of Japan & United States One concern of the merger between these two companies involves group interaction and sense of space. People in the United States take great pride in themselves on individualism and informality. The Japanese culture values groups and formality. People in the United States admire a person who excels above everyone else. If this merger takes place and it makes the price of stock to rise, the American company might want to buy more stock and the Japanese might not agree with this and be more cautious which could result in a cross-culture conflict. Cultural differences and cross culture conflicts is the biggest challenge in terms of cross-cultural management that will arise in the merger of these two companies (Chen, 2013). Due to differences in culture in terms of beliefs, priorities and lifestyles, management of cross culture operations will be difficult for both companies. It is because cultural differences affect the human thinking, feeling, acting and behavior that can result in cross culture conflicts within the organization (Adekola and Sergi, 2012). For example, in terms of language, religion, value, and attitudes, there are several cultural differences in both countries: U.S. and Japan, which can affect decisions and choices of employees or people from these countries and can cause to cross culture conflicts (Yoder, 2011). The women who are employed at Tokyo Electron worry that their jobs might be eliminated...
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...Running Head: Developing cross cultural capability Developing cross cultural capability [Name of the student] [Name of the institute] Developing cross cultural capability Introduction In the field of research, the challenge of international cooperation increasingly intense led in 1993 to further reflection on the concepts of intercultural management. With the work of Hofstede (1980) and Ouchi (1981), comparative research on management has been very stimulating. Then this research have specialized on topics such as intercultural management or Eurocentric. The axis emerges clearly in the Europe of the Common Market; it is learning to cope with unique challenges issued to management. Once the recognized need, the way chosen to advance in this area, is the course of this study: we sought to describe the practices, including their advantages and disadvantages, using existing typologies willingly. In this case the eye is focused on large tourism companies, but is not always clearly stated. In these large tourism companies, one can discern various articulations of intercultural management. Schreyögg, for example, distinguishes between corporate cultures and global polycentric (1991). Polycentric, are those which, in different countries, come in different forms, thus focusing on "indigenous constructs", those that are global, over national borders, are a unique brand image with a single form articulation, thus settling on "indigenous constructs"...
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...Counties vary from one to another based on many factors. This is the reason why subject like International Business were introduce. While doing business in one country along with knowing their culture it is also very important to know about their leadership pattern. It will help to manage their human resource well. If we go for a cross cultural analysis about the four given countries (Japan, United States of America, India and United Kingdom we will find varity and similarity in case of leadership issues along with other factors. Japan “Business leadership is at the core of Asian economic development”, says HBS professor D. Quinn Mills. The rapid economic development of Asia in recent decades is one of the most important events in history. Compared to western countries Asian countries always lag behind in case of resources, except one. And that was human resource. Japan realized that and converted it into their competitive advantage. In case of industrialization Japan stands in one row with many other developed countries in the world. How they reach this position to know that we have take a look in the inside of their organization. Japan has contemporary hybrid culture, which combines influences from Asia, Europe, and North America This makes Japanese are a very collectivist society, where the culture is to respect, working together and being a good member the group he or she belongs. This is the reason why they tend to follow participative leadership approach. The participative...
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...Table of Contents Introduction 3 Part 1: Porter's National Diamond Analysis 3 Part 2: Contemporary Management Issues 7 Part 3: Market Entry Strategy 11 Recommendation to the Board of Directors…………… ……………………………… ….13 Appendices 14 References 15 Introduction This report has been written by the Boston Consulting Group and uses Porter’s national diamond analysis model to evaluate the attractiveness of investment opportunities in the Tunisian wine industry. Also discussed are two key management issues that need to be taken into account before developing operations in Tunisia followed by recommendations on two strategies for entry into the Tunisian wine industry market. In terms of background to this report, it should be noted that the global market for wine industry is changing significantly with substantial differences in the structure of the wine industry around the world. For instance, there are 232,900 wine producers in France but the top 10 brands control only 4% of the market. In contrast, four firms control over 75% of the Australian wine market. Hence there is a marked difference in industry structure when comparing the “New World” producers (e.g. Australia, Chile, United States) to the “Old World” firms. These structural differences are driven by institutional diversity and contrasting patterns of historical development in countries. However, they are also driven by the competitive strategies employed...
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...ANRV296-PS58-19 ARI 17 November 2006 1:33 Annu. Rev. Psychol. 2007.58:479-514. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org by University Of Maryland on 12/11/06. For personal use only. Cross-Cultural Organizational Behavior Michele J. Gelfand,1 Miriam Erez,2 and Zeynep Aycan3 1 Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742; email: mgelfand@psyc.umd.edu 2 Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, Israel 32000; email: merez@ie.technion.ac.il 3 Department of Psychology, Koc University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey 34450; email: zaycan@ku.edu.tr Annu. Rev. Psychol. 2007. 58:479–514 Key Words First published online as a Review in Advance on October 17, 2006 culture, management, organizations, work The Annual Review of Psychology is online at http://psych.annualreviews.org Abstract This article’s doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085559 Copyright c 2007 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved 0066-4308/07/0203-0479$20.00 This article reviews research on cross-cultural organizational behavior (OB). After a brief review of the history of cross-cultural OB, we review research on work motivation, or the factors that energize, direct, and sustain effort across cultures. We next consider the relationship between the individual and the organization, and review research on culture and organizational commitment, psychological contracts, justice, citizenship behavior...
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...Multinational companies increasingly use expatriates on short-term and long-term international job assignments for a variety of purposes, such as to acquire and transfer knowledge, to manage a foreign subsidiary, to fill a staffing need, to maintain communication, coordination, and control between subsidiaries and corporate headquarters, and to develop global leadership competence. Given this, successful expatriate assignments are indispensable to Multinational companies for both developmental and functional reasons. Training: An expatriate’s success in the host country is largely determined by his or her cross-cultural adjustment to the host country. While immersed in the new culture, expatriates are ‘removed from the comfortable environment of their parental culture and placed in a less familiar culture’ and are susceptible to adjustment problems because of numerous challenges that inhibit their cross-cultural adjustment like the need to speak the foreign language, to cope with culture shock, to understand different laws and customs, and to interact with local nationals. Scholarly research that has been conducted in recent years suggests that expatriates who are not prepared to confront the challenges (e.g., to cope with culture shock) find it difficult to adjust and hence incur, and impose on others, costly implications. For example, expatriates who are unable to adjust are more likely to perform poorly. Poor performance on the assignment has costly implications for...
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...Date: International Business Strategy Introduction There has been growing concern for the economic interdependence of nations on a global scale. As a result, companies have stepped up the cross-border business transactions in the recent past. Widespread sharing of technology, global economic shifts, and international governance among others, have been the enabling factors. Visionary business leadership has transformed national-level firms into robust multinationals that dispense a wide variety of goods and services to a scale never witnessed before. As many companies yearn to take their business internationally, they face ever-present challenges in the new business arena. Managers, therefore, need to take a keen interest in assessing the corporate strategies to fit the demands of international business so as to maintain their competitive edge and suitably serve the culturally diversified individual and institutional customers. This report analyses a myriad of aspects that multinational companies face in the global provision of goods and services. In its deliberations, the reports deeply evaluate the National Double Diamond model and its later improvement as well as the SAFe criteria that are essential to business leaders in effectively engaging in international business. It gives insight on how the varied features of the international business impact on the business strategy. Additionally, it also highlights the best approaches the corporate...
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...Date: International Business Strategy Introduction There has been growing concern for the economic interdependence of nations on a global scale. As a result, companies have stepped up the cross-border business transactions in the recent past. Widespread sharing of technology, global economic shifts, and international governance among others, have been the enabling factors. Visionary business leadership has transformed national-level firms into robust multinationals that dispense a wide variety of goods and services to a scale never witnessed before. As many companies yearn to take their business internationally, they face ever-present challenges in the new business arena. Managers, therefore, need to take a keen interest in assessing the corporate strategies to fit the demands of international business so as to maintain their competitive edge and suitably serve the culturally diversified individual and institutional customers. This report analyses a myriad of aspects that multinational companies face in the global provision of goods and services. In its deliberations, the reports deeply evaluate the National Double Diamond model and its later improvement as well as the SAFe criteria that are essential to business leaders in effectively engaging in international business. It gives insight on how the varied features of the international business impact on the business strategy. Additionally, it also highlights the best approaches the corporate...
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...What is force field Analysis? Force field analysis is a management technique developed by Kurt Lewin, a pioneer in the field of social sciences, for diagnosing situations. It will be useful when looking at the variables involved in planning and implementing a change program and will undoubtedly be of use in team building projects, when attempting to overcome resistance to change. Kurt Lewin assumes that in any situation there are both driving and restraining forces that influence any change that may occur. Driving Forces: Driving forces are those forces affecting a situation that are pushing in a particular direction; they tend to initiate a change and keep it going. In terms of improving productivity in a work group, pressure from a supervisor, incentive earnings, and competition may be examples of driving forces. Restraining Forces: Restraining forces are forces acting to restrain or decrease the driving forces. Apathy, hostility, and poor maintenance of equipment may be examples of restraining forces against increased production. Equilibrium is reached when the sum of the driving forces equals the sum of the restraining forces. In our example, equilibrium represents the present level of productivity, as shown below. Steps involved in Force Field Analysis Step-1 : Prepare the statement of the problem or issues under study (note : make sure that the statement is indicative and provide clear understanding and perspective regarding the cause variables). Step-2...
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