...Principles of Management, v. 1.1 (Carpenter, Bauer, & Erdogan, 2013) state, “An organization’s culture may be one of its strongest assets or its biggest liability” (p. 206). This paper will examine the culture of an organization very familiar to the writer. This examination will focus on its Orginazational Culture Profile (OCP) (Carpenter, Bauer, & Erdogan, 2013) and how this profile impacts the organization. Organization Overview The organization selected possesses several dynamics that contribute to an interesting cultural mix. The combination of being a publicly traded technology company along with being a regulated telephone company (TELCO) creates a very conservative yet aggressive and outcomes based culture. Additionally, organizational growth over the last several decades by way of mergers and acquisitions creates a unique blend of cultures. Telephone Companies tend to be very conservative by nature due to multiple factors. First, as a regulated entity, they are required to abide by specific local, state, and federal regulations. These regulations expose the company to civil and criminal penalties if violated. Second, because telephone companies provide services customers expect to be in service nearly one hundred percent of the time, careful planning and redundancies must be in place. This conservative nature tends to slow progress due to legal reviews and abundant testing which is exactly what happens with this organization. The organization is also a...
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...focus on global strategic positioning, entry strategies and alliances, effective cross-cultural understanding and management, and develop- ing and retaining an effective global management cadre. The seventh edition has been revised to reflect current research, current events and global developments, and includes company examples from the popular press. In Chapter 1, we introduce trends and developments facing international managers and then expand those topics in the context of the subsequent chapters. For example, we discuss developments in globalization and its growing nationalist backlash— in particular resulting from the global financial crisis. We discuss the effects on global business of the rapidly growing economies of China and India and other emerging economies such as those in Africa, and the expansion of the EU; the globalization of human capital; and the esca- lating effects of Information Technology and the global spread of e-business. We follow these trends and their effects on the role of the international manager throughout the book. For exam- ple, in Chapter 6 we focus further on strategies for emerging markets, while also dealing with changing strategies to respond to economic decline around the world and an increasing level of nationalism in some industries; we have a section on “Using E-Business for Global Expansion” as well as discussing “born global” companies. In Chapter 7, we added a section on strategies for SMEs and a new section on “Value...
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...Introduction What makes Newcastle University London unique and worthwhile for students is a series of master classes known as Igniting Connections Masterclass where professionals are invited as guest speaker to discuss their experiences in their field of work and interact with students. I found it satisfying and amusing how each of the guest speaker from different industries have different ways of thinking, looking at different perspective of how business is managed that varies from start-up to multinational companies. Out of all the master classes, I found David Stringer-Lamarre and Marc Crouch the most interesting and relevant to myself. David Stringer-Lamarre – Culture Diversity David Stringer-Lamare is one of my favourite guest speaker due to his energetic voice and interactive presentation. Having graduated from Imperial College London he currently landed his job as founder and managing director of Fortis Consulting London, and chairman of Institute...
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...has given rise to companies pursuing more and more international operations. During the last century emerging economies such as Brazil, Russia, India and China have gained fast economic growth and the Western companies have recognized their potential. Developing long-term business relationships and acquiring market share in these economies may not be that easy. The majority of the emerging economies has substantial cultural differences and requires Western companies to acquire solid cultural capabilities and adaptations in order to build strong business relations and produce profit. The key to building more culturally intelligent companies is training those who are in the front line of international business interactions. These employees are called expatriates. (Chew, 2004) Expatriate processes must be handled effectively. The process contains several aspects to help achieve a successful expatriate assignment. The expatriate candidate should be sensibly chosen and the work assignment description has to be clearly defined. Practical matters such as making a proper contract, logistic and housing issues, and tax assistance need to be arranged. An integral part of the expatriate process is preparing the expatriate and the spouse to contend with the myriad of cultural challenges they will face. They must be offered appropriate cross cultural training or CCT. CCT strives to improve cultural awareness and behavior in situations that are characterized by cultural differences. A vital...
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...BUILD INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS NETWORK Task 1 – Report Task 2 – Theory Exam Marcos Vinicius Steluti Gulin PROCEDURE 1.a The country that I chose to import products into Australia was Brazil. The area field was food and the product is the acai berry. PRODUCT The fruit, commonly known as açaí berry, is a small, round, black-purple drupe about 1 inch (25 mm) in circumference, similar in appearance to a grape, but smaller and with less pulp and produced in branched panicles of 500 to 900 fruits. In the general Brazilian consumer market, açaí is sold as frozen pulp, juice, or an ingredient in various products from beverages, including grain alcohol, smoothies, foods, cosmetics and supplements. In Brazil, it is commonly eaten as Açaí na tigela (acai in the bowl). Information taken from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%A7a%C3%AD_palm DRIVERS OF CHOICE The reason for choosing the acai product for import into the Australian market, are: 1- Australians generally care about health and has an interest in natural products. 2- The climate of Australia is hot, making the product suitable for the Australian market. 3- Acai is an original product of Brazil, which makes it interesting and new to the Australian public. The purpose of business is to buy fruit and turn it into finished product, packaged and prepared for consumption in Brazil. And soon after that industrialization, sends him to Australia by refrigerated containers...
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...The Globalization of Food Culture The term “food culture” describes the entire cultural landscape of nutrition; everything that has anything to do with the way we eat, what we eat and where we eat. What we seldom realize are all the aspects food influences or is influenced by: “Food is used to: 1. Satisfy hunger and nourish the body. 2. Initiate and maintain personal and business relationships. 3. Demonstrate the nature and extent of relationships. 4. Provide a focus for communal activities. 5. Express love and caring. 6. Express individuality. 7. Proclaim the separateness of a group. 8. Demonstrate belongingness to a group. 9. Cope with psychological or emotional stress. 10. Reward or punish. 11. Signify social status. 12. Bolster self-esteem and gain recognition. 13. Wield political and economic power. 14. Prevent, diagnose and threat physical illness. 15. Prevent, diagnose an treat psychological illness. 16. Symbolize emotional experiences. 17. Display piety. 18. Represent security. 19. Express moral sentiments. 20. Signify wealth.“ “Biological and cultural functions of food”, Fieldhouse, P., Food & Nutrition. Custom & Culture, New York 1986, “Preface Many of those points relate to globalization and diversity issues. Today in many countries we have a seemingly endless variety of foods to choose from: Beef from Brazil, Kiwis from New Zealand and Californian Asparagus. This all year round availability has an often underestimated impact on local, or should I say...
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...and resources. However, companies routinely exaggerate the attractiveness of foreign markets, which leads to expensive mistakes. This essay shall discuss the opportunities and risk associated with distance in international expansion. According to Ghemawat (2001), distance between two countries can manifest itself along four basic dimensions: cultural, administration, geographic and economic. Geographic distance, for instance, affects the costs of transportation and communications and is particularly importance to companies that deal with heavy or bulky products. Cultural distance, by contrast, affects consumer’s product preferences. It is a crucial consideration for any consumer goods or media company but it is much less important for a cement or steel business. Administrative distance involves historical and political associations shared by countries that greatly affect trade between them. Economic distance states that the wealth or income of consumers is the most important economic attribute, which creates distance between countries and has a marked effect on the levels of trade and types of partners a country trades with. The opportunities and risk associated with distance are based on the four dimension stated above where differences in each dimension can either be an opportunity to exploit or a risk to consider when companies decide to globally expand. For example, large economic distances between two countries can be an opportunity for companies to gain competitive advantage...
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...BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Understanding the environment within which the business has to operate is very important for running a business unit successfully at any place. Because, the environmental factors influence almost every aspect of business, be it its nature, its location, the prices of products, the distribution system, or the personnel policies. Hence it is important to learn about the various components of the business environment, which consists of the economic aspect, the socio-cultural aspects, the political framework, the legal aspects and the technological aspects etc. In this chapter, we shall learn about the concept of business environment, its nature and significance and the various components of the environment. In addition, we shall also acquaint ourselves with the concept of social responsibility of business and business ethics. OBJECTIVES After studying this lesson, you will be able to: ? explain the meaning of business environment; ? identify the features of business environment; ? describe the importance and types of business environment; ? describe the recent developments in Indian Economy that have greatly influenced the working of business units in India; ? explain the concept of social responsibility of business; ? state the social responsibility of business towards different interest groups; and ? explain the concept of business ethics. 3.1 MEANING OF BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT As stated earlier, the success of every business depends...
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...Abstract The current study sought to analyze the aspects of organizational culture found in business management. Its purpose was to prepare a methodology to measure the elements that make up the organizational culture of a company in the I-10 Industrial Zone, Islamabad. This study researched the company’s cultural profile and the most important aspects of this culture, and it suggested recommendations on which to base its strategic plan. The Barros & Prates model was used as a reference. This model proposes nine cultural traits that are present in the Pakistani business environment: Power Concentration, Personalism, Paternalism, Expectant Posture, Formalism, Impunity, Personal Loyalty, Conflict Avoidance and Flexibility. The method used was quantitative via the development and application of a closed instrument Liker type (attitudinal scale) involving the nine Barros & Prates cultural traits. The instrument was validated in terms of items and reliability. Means and correlation coefficients were used as statistics to analyze the data. The analyses were based on 27 statements encompassing the nine cultural traits, and they were answered by 30 executives who make up the company’s board of directors. The results showed a preponderance of the flexibility trait. Power concentration and personalism hawed average preponderance. The least evident traits were Personal Loyalty, Impunity, Expectant Posture, Formalism, and Conflict Avoidance. 1. INTRODUCTION One of the broadest...
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...Article Review on: Toward Culture Intelligence: Turning Cultural Differences into a Workplace Advantage. The article under review is entitled as "Toward Culture Intelligence: Turning Cultural Differences into a Workplace Advantage." by Earley, P. Christopher, and Elaine Mosakowski. This article has been acquired from the journal, Academy of Management Perspective, Volume 18, Issue No. 3 and was published on August 1, 2004. The article attempts to explain the traditional approaches that were used in understanding and explaining the differences among people who belonged to diverse backgrounds and have a different culture. It then focuses on the recent development of a newer approach that is cultural intelligence, its framework and different managerial profiles that can be helpful for competing with other organizations in this era of diversity and globalization. The authors have described two traditional approaches in this article that were used to study cultural diversity. The first approach is, the aggregate approach, in which the researchers identify and ascertain the values and beliefs of people in a particular region or a country and then they associate those beliefs and values to those set of people. This approach is more generalized and therefore it does not account for the differences among individuals from the same cultural background. The second approach is, the individual approach, in which the researchers do not focus on the culture to which the individual belongs...
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...Title | رقم المقرر | 301723 | Course Number | المتطلب السابق | - | Prerequisite Course | Course Objectives | This course aims to highlight the role and functions of multinational / global corporations and governments in international business. This is achieved through helping students be able to: * Define globalization and international business and show how they affect each other * Understand why companies engage in international business and why international business growth has accelerated * Discuss behavioral factors influencing countries’ business practices * Discuss the philosophy and practices of the legal system * Describe trends in contemporary legal systems * Profile the characteristics of the types of economic systems * Examine corporate responses to globalization in the form of codes of conduct, among other things * Understand why production factors, especially labor and capital, move internationally * Grasp company strategies for sequencing the penetration of countries * Discern the major opportunity and risk variables a company should consider when deciding whether and where to expand abroad * Understand the major motives that guide managers when choosing a collaborative arrangement for international business | International Business is an authoritative and engaging voice on conducting business in international markets. The...
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...Being “learned” becomes the gauge of being able to live and survive. Therefore, men struggles to be able to put himself/herself to Institutions that would get him ready to face the adversities of life. The University of Cagayan Valley is one among the Institutions that provides the claim of men to be learned. Its existence of almost 70 years has proved its immense assistance of helping individuals “survive” life. It has produced thousands of graduates that have made their own niches in all fields. But the most important factor to be taken in consideration is that it has become an instrumental of giving aid to individuals in stressing the need to survive. Survival in the context mentioned is the ability of men to be employed in companies, institutions, agencies or establishments that shall be his/her means of living. The “employability” therefore of an individual is at most the crucial aspect to be seen. In the corporate world, the employability of a person depends on a lot of factors. Nonetheless, the employability is gauged on an individual’s competency, adaptability, efficiency, and productivity that shall make these individual ready to face the real world. Educational Institutions such as the University of Cagayan Valley adheres to creating “employable” graduates. It focuses not only on...
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...Cameron.ffirs 10/11/05 1:46 PM Page iii Diagnosing and Changing Organizational Culture Based on the Competing Values Framework REVISED EDITION The Jossey-Bass Business & Management Series Cameron.ffirs 10/11/05 1:46 PM Page i Diagnosing and Changing Organizational Culture Cameron.ffirs 10/11/05 1:46 PM Page ii Kim S. Cameron Robert E. Quinn Cameron.ffirs 10/11/05 1:46 PM Page iii Diagnosing and Changing Organizational Culture Based on the Competing Values Framework REVISED EDITION The Jossey-Bass Business & Management Series Cameron.ffirs 10/11/05 1:46 PM Page iv Copyright © 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by Jossey-Bass A Wiley Imprint 989 Market Street, San Francisco, CA 94103-1741 www.josseybass.com No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, or on the Web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department...
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...1. Provide a brief description of your company, its origins and its operations (Size, industry, products, etc.) and give reasons for your decision to go international 2. Decide on an appropriate country in which to operate and give your rationale for this 3. Give a precise cultural profile of the local area you will be operating in abroad. What are the workers going to be like? What kind of reception do you anticipate? How does this profile differ to your own and what do you have to be especially careful about? 4. Elaborate on which cultural variables will influence the communication process the most between employees from your home and host country. Explain how you plan to overcome them. 5. Which differences in non-‐verbal behavior do you have to be conscious of in your international venture? 6. Draw up an organizational chart showing the company and its overseas operations and describe...
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...indirect language and metaphors rather than get straight to the point Avoid taking risks American readers are probably scratching their heads: what kind of a leadership profile is this? How can a leader ignore his direct reports when making key decisions? What happens to credibility when you’re constantly massaging the message? The brief profile above came from a survey of Chinese managers as part of the research program called the GLOBE project. Of course, there are also parts of the Chinese ideal leadership profile that are similar to the American profile, but it’s usually the differences that get managers in trouble. In a recent survey of senior executives in 100 global corporations, conducted by Worldwide ERC, 95% of the respondents reported that national cultures of the places they do business in play an important or very important role in the success of their business mission. So much for a “flat world.” In any part of the world, leadership is about influence. There are many ways to influence others: Directing them, rewarding them, inspiring them, or giving them ownership of the decision are but a few examples. The leader’s task in a multicultural world is to influence direct reports, project teams, supply chain partners, client organizations, and regulatory agencies that have different cultural, political, and institutional backgrounds. But there’s a disconnect. In most societies, ordinary citizens are socialized to learn how to work with people who are like...
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