...TIA084, Intercultural Communication Anonymous id: 41842 Intercultural communication. Cultural differences, power and ethics What are ethical norms and how do they differ from other norms? We can for an example talk about ethical norms in communication, than from reading Allwood, we would find that agent hood (give freedom), motivation (do not hurt) and rationality (give correct information) are the main universal ethical norms, or these are the basis of universal needs that we can create ethical norms from. Agent hood; when communicating with others we should give them the freedom to act according to their own will and intention by including this "brainwashing” and many kinds of propaganda are unethical. They are unethical whereas they remove the recipient´s possibilities to exercise his or her own critical judgement. Motivation; We should not hurt others, we should seek to give others joy instead of pain the golden rule would be “do unto others what you would have them do unto you”. Rationality, i.e., we should not lie or mislead. If we do that, the other person´s possibilities of obtaining the desired outcomes through the exercise of his/her rationality is radically diminished. Ethical norms differ from other norms whereas they involve the well being of others. The more serious the issue is for the well being of others, the more ethics is involved and usually the more universal the issues become. By other norms (not ethical norms, not involving the well being of others)...
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...Cultural differences in Daily communication between China and America 1. Introtion People have different lifestyle, thinking patterns, behaviors and values, which all inflect one another. In many cross-cultural conversations, misunderstanding can be caused by distinction in the understanding of a same word in the culture difference. A serious question may therefore bring great laghter, while an innocuous statement horrible anger,which caused by culture difference. Experts in sociology claimed that every single culture is distinctive. The word 'culture' is defined as follow in Oxford Advanced Learner's English Chinese Dictionary: customs,arts, social institutions, etc of a particular group or people. Among all distinctions, difference in daily life plays a special role. More details of lifes oversees are shown with the rapid development of communication and media. Facing that very difference between the Chinese and the American however, seems to have led to confusion and even further, false and unscientific evaluation, thus the eventual cultural conflict and descrimination. This paper will therefore focus on the distinction of the Chinese and American culture from the aspect of daily communication . 2.The Importance of Cross-Cultural Communication Because of various reasons, there are a lot of cultural differences between China and the U.S. This creates a barrier for cross-cultural communications. Due to globalization and social development...
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...In this assignment, I will discuss a patient scenario and reflect on cultural differences in particular how they may impact on establishing effective communication and engagement with the patient. As a nurse, my duty is to respect patients right to confidentiality; ensuring people are informed about how and why information is shared by those who will be providing their care and also about disclosing information if I believe someone may be at risk of harm (Nursing & Midwifery Council 2008). Therefore to maintain confidentiality, I will be giving the name Mrs. B to my patient. Mrs. B is a 72 year old Indian lady. She is a diabetic with poor oral intake, who also recently suffered from a stroke, which resulted in dysphasia. She is a patient who is nursed in bed due to poor mobility and unable to stand unaided. In the case of Mrs. B the main cultural differences was the language barrier. Mrs. B spoke Punjabi and no English so this posed as a challenge to caring for her and had a significant impact on my ability to communicate and engage effectively with this patient. Following her stroke, she now suffers from slurred speech, and can only speak a minimal amount of words. Although she can understand what is being said to her, she was finding it difficult to express herself at times. She refused to eat or take her medications and we had to communicate with her through her husband at times when he was present, as an interpreter was not available at the present time. Mrs...
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...Managing cross cultural communication Introduction Globalization is a phenomenon that is in vogue nowadays. In this rapidly changing world to succeed it’s imperative for an organization to adopt the phenomenon of globalization. On one hand globalization cultivates scores of benefits for the organization. On the other hand, it also generates various dilemmas for management. One of these dilemmas is of effective communication management. This phenomenon of globalization presents challenges of understanding and managing cross-cultural communications. According to Stephen Roberts: “Culture is the framework in which we communicate” This suggests that various factors give rise to the problem of cross-cultural communication. These factors include: language, environment, technology, social organization, the perception of authority and non-verbal communications. Having the ability to assess these variables is vital in ensuring for managers to convey messages and conduct business across a wide range of cultures. This paper addresses communication within multicultural project teams and the significance of leadership style in managing cross-cultural communications. The aim of this paper is to reveal different ways or skills that managers need to adopt to make the process of communication effective. Furthermore, this paper sheds lights on variegated barriers that may exist in effective communication process in a cross-culture environment. Literature review Zapf...
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... Key issues in cross-cultural business communication: Anthropological approaches to international business Tian Guang* and Dan Trotter Shantou University, Shantou City, Guangdong Province, Southern China. Accepted 8 March, 2012 Cultural factors have long been known to influence the communication and success potential of competition. Cultural awareness shapes how business firms behave in cross-culturally reflected international markets. It is broadly recognized that cultural factors act as invisible barriers in international business communications. Understanding cultural differences is one of the most significant skills for firms to develop in order to have a competitive advantage in international business. This paper probes some key elements of cross-cultural issues in international business communication and provides a framework for creating competitive advantage for firms engaged in international business. Culture affects many aspects of international business communication. It impacts free trade policies, localization and standardization strategy decisions, advertising, brand effectiveness, business relationships, international business management, international marketing, international negotiation, and consumer behavior. Seven themes are suggested as guidelines for further research: Cultural impacts of markets, international versus domestic business communication, standardization versus adaptation in cross-cultural communication; cross-cultural dimensions of business...
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...James Rogers From: Eunika Phlegm To: Company Department Leaders Subject Line: Skills Summary on Cross Cultural Communication June, 13, 2016 at 8:50 am Cross-cultural communication has become strategically important to companies due to the growth of global business, technology and the Internet. Understanding cross-cultural communication is important for any company that has a diverse workforce or plans on conducting global business. This type of communication involves an understanding of how people from different cultures speak, communicate and perceive the world around them. Cross-cultural communication in an organization deals with understanding different business customs, beliefs and communication strategies. Language differences, high-context vs. low-context cultures, nonverbal differences and power distance are major factors that can affect cross-cultural communication. Cross-cultural communication is imperative for companies that have a diverse workforce and participate in the global economy. It is important for employees to understand the factors that are part of an effective, diverse workforce. With cross-cultural communication you have to remember the six principles. The first principle is the similarities or the common ground, the next one is differences or the perspective, judgment, or choice. The third principle is diversity or valuing the difference, the fourth one is respect or the basic human need. The fifth one is acknowledgment which is the recognition...
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...Journal of Comparative International Management 2009, Vol. 12, no.2, 73-89 ©2009 Management futures Printed in canada Cross-cultural Communication and Multicultural Team Performance: A German and American Comparison by Steven W. Congden University of Hartford, U.S.A. Alexei V. Matveev College of Staten Island – CUNY, U.S.A David E. Desplaces College of Charleston, U.S.A. This study builds on work by Matveev & Nelson (2004) which investigated the relationship between cross-cultural communication competence and multicultural team performance using American and Russian managers. This study examines the impact of national culture on German and American subjects. While a relationship between cross-cultural communication competence and multicultural team performance was found, it did not differ by overall national culture. Of the four dimensions of cross-cultural communication competence, only Cultural Empathy was found to be significantly different between Germans and Americans. No differences were found for the dimensions of Interpersonal Skills, Team Effectiveness, and Cultural Uncertainty. 1. Introduction Worldwide intercultural cooperation drives corporate growth and development across the globe resulting in a heightened demand for a qualified but diverse workforce. researchers have documented that the successful performance of multicultural teams is a vital and contributing factor to organizational success (Jackson, may, & Whitney, 1995; Snow, Snell, davison, & hambrick...
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...CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN ELECTRONICBASED COMPANIES 1 Bibi Noraini Bt Mohd Yusuf, 2Zurina Bt Zulkifli, 3Intan Maizura Bt Abd Rashid, 4Syahida Bt Kamil, 1,2,3,4 School of Business Innovation and Technopreneurship Universiti Malaysia Perlis 1 bibinoraini@unimap.edu.my, 2Zurina@yahoo.com, 3Intan Maizura@unimap.edu.my, 4syahida@unimap.edu.my, Abstract Rapid growths in economic development and trade globalization have necessitate the number of firms to expand and extend their businesses abroad. A sizeable number of firms have been opening new plants in other countries or hiring their employees from overseas, creating a diversity of workforce. A diversified workforce will create cross-cultural differences leading to cross-cultural communication. This research aims to analyze the barriers of cross-cultural communication in electronic-based companies. The subjects for this study, comprising company operators and middle to top management were randomly selected from electronic-based companies domiciled in Northern Peninsular Malaysia. This study adopted a quantitative approach method, where questionnaires were distributed among 200 employees. Analysis of data compiled was carried out using the SPSS version 20.0 mode. Through an in-depth analysis and application of this study, there is a bigger impact of multinational firm communication in the cross-cultural communication. In addition, the dimensions of national cultures, high and low context communication, language...
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...InternationalJournal.org Business Communication between People with Different Cultural Backgrounds Livia Ablonczy-Mihályka, Széchenyi István University, Hungary Abstract At present every aspect of our social, scientific and mental life is subdued to accelerated development. In our globalised world, the amount of cross-national communication increases drastically and in recent years many researchers have emphasised the importance of awareness of different cultural norms as globalisation has brought about a growing trend to communicate with people from different cultural backgrounds. This paper argues for a revaluation of how we approach the topic of business communication and for greater emphasis on successful business communication as the goal of better understanding in global business setting. The ideas which are presented in this paper have been derived over a period of two years of our own research and through the reading of research literature. The research to be discussed in the paper is connected to one of the major research lines at Széchenyi István University, titled The dialogue of professional, organisational and national cultures. The purpose of the present paper is to present the results of a survey conducted with professionals who communicate with foreign business partners. The data were gathered by means of a questionnaire. At the root of the argument is the hypothesis that communication rules and norms between people with different cultural background have altered and...
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...Communication Theory Luz Hutchinson University of Phoenix HCS 320 Health Care Communication Strategies Professor Paul Wing March 22, 2011 Having been employed in an establishment such as that of a hospital, effective communication is definitely one of the very important aspects with regard to the care of the patients. As in any health care setting, an organization established to hospital care may stand in front of challenges when it come to communication for the reason that of gender and cultural differences, and in some cases the lack of ability to communicate effectively with the individuals obtaining service. Circumstances such as these may have an effect on how certain tasks are achieved within the organization, whether or not an individual want to continue using hospital services and how to a huge degree employees, patients, and family members interact together. Therefore, to comprehend various challenges facing this type of organization with accordance to communication we will address how gender and cultural differences does impact communication within an organization of a hospital, especially when it involves fellow coworkers, managers, patients, families, and caregivers along with improvements that can be made if any. Having work in an organization dedicated to hospital care one will come across both male and female employees dedicated to the care and health of the patients; however, one is also going to...
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...vice versa. There is not just distribution of goods but also doing business with people around the world. Enterprises enter foreign markets in order to expand the market or look for resources or reduce cost etc. However, Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) not only need to know the political, legal and regulatory environment in host country but also the culture difference which is very important to lessen the cultural problems and know how to solve it wisely. Companies may be abandoned by customers or spend a lot of money to recover their reputation if MNEs’ managers do not understand the cultures of the countries they deal with. The influence of international trade liberalization has presented not only substantial opportunities but also some challenges for domestic and international companies (Watchravesringkan 2011). The aim of this essay is to discuss the importance of culture difference to MNEs. In this essay, culture and society will be discussed in the first part. The following part is about the importance of cultural difference to international managers. Finally, it will discuss the methods to understand cultural difference. Dowling & Liesch (2009) state that culture is a system of values and norms those is shared among a group of human beings and form a pattern for living when brought together. Culture is gained knowledge that human beings use to explain experience and develop social behaviour and this knowledge forms values, generates attitudes, and affects behaviour (Luthans...
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...Communication Theory Sharron foster HCS/320 03/26/2012 Communication Theory When working in an organization such as a hospital, effective communication is the key aspect concerning the care of patients involved. As in any healthcare organization everyone faces challenges with communication. Because of the gender differences, cultural differences, and the inability to communicate effectively, there may be some problems with communicating. Circumstances such as these could affect how certain tasks are completed and how well employees, patients, and family members interact. To understand some of the challenges facing the hospital, in accordance with communication we will discuss how gender and cultural differences influence communication within the hospital when it comes to coworkers, managers, patients, families and caregivers and improvements that can possibly be make. Gender Differences Female When working in a hospital where there are both male and female employees, one may view s different approaches between male and female employees when communicating. This occurs because females tend to be more nonverbally expressive, talk more and reveal more personal information than that of men (Axia, 2012). Female employees seem to have better communicating skills when taking care of patients, families, managers and other employees. Females are valued to be more likely to discuss problems and seek out advice before making important decisions...
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...Minh A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY OF DAILY COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE VIETNAMESE AND AMERICANS OUTLINE Introduction Vietnamese - American cross-cultural communication: 1. Theories of intercultural communication 2. Vietnamese vs. American perceptions and communication styles 2.1 Vietnamese vs. American perceptions 2.1.1 Individualistic vs. collectivistic cultures 2.1.2 High- vs. low-context cultures 2.1.3 Face-saving 2.2. Vietnamese vs. American communication styles 2.2.1 Ways of greetings 2.2.2 Topics for conversation 2.2.3 Silence and Eye contact 2.2.4 Touching 2.2.5 Other nonverbal gestures 3. Cross-cultural communication strategies Conclusion Introduction Cross-cultural encounters have long provided a great source of interest for research. Globalization has increased contact between people from different cultures, but it has not evened out cultural differences as much as expected. The divergence of perspectives continues to survive in communication between people from different cultures such as Vietnamese and American. This paper aims to address the issues of intercultural communication between the Vietnamese and Americans in daily life. By juxtaposing the main traits of the two cultures while some common cultural misinterpretations are listed, I wish to give a comprehensive look at the Vietnamese- American daily communication, meanwhile improve...
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...Article 2: Communication in international business- to- business marketing channels Does culture matter? This article deals with the question if and how cultural variations influence channel communication . Finding show that there is a relationship between culture and channel communications in international channels. The autor , Bert Rosenbloom, described Hall’s (1976) proposed high-contex versus low- contex dichotomy to explain the different cultural orientations. It is a simple two category basis for grouping the cultures of many different countries to help understand the hidden codes in communication, stemming from „cultural distance“. The expressions "high context" and "low context" are labels which shows the cultural differences between societies. High-context and low-context communication refers to how much speakers rely on things other than words to convey meaning. First, Hofstede's cultural model and the model approaches Hall presented, where the main cultural differences are described. The cultural model of Hofstede with its five dimensions and the corresponding index values provides information about cultural differences and their possible impact in intercultural cooperation. The five dimensions in Hofstede's cultural model, "power distance", "collectivism versus individualism," "femininity versus masculinity," "uncertainty avoidance" and "long-term versus short-term orientation". Together, the five dimensions of a cultural model in which differences can be measured...
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...Coutler (2009) defined that communication refers to the course that the information, idea and emotion is delivered among individuals or groups in order to achieve a preset target and achieve a consensus agreement . Communication is the lifeline of the organization; it can connect various kinds of attributes together to enhance the organizational efficiency. It ensures the meticulous running of the organization (Rogers and Rogers, 1976). Management communication is the necessary countermeasure to associate different systems of the organization, alleviate the conflict and contradictions in the organization (Robbins and Coutler, 2009). However, in daily organizational communication, there are many communicative barriers, which affect staffs’ information delivery, and affect the enhancement of the company’s performance, affecting staffs’ personal career development (Klein, 1996). For example, in the management field, there is a famous dual 50% theorem that managers use more than 50%'s time in communication; however, more than 50% of the barriers in management is generated in communication. This essay will identify some barriers to communication in organization. Additionally, this essay will put up some useful methods for improving communication based on the case of Hewlett-Packard Co. Ltd. The company's information delivery chain in different position levels, the company's scale, staff position and title as well as cultural difference may bring in communication barriers for the company...
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