...has been appointed as the examiner at the Council Meeting of the Faculty of Business and Technology Management on January 9th, 2013. ABSTRACT TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Master’s Degree Programme in Business and Technology Management DOAN NGOC, HA: Demand creation of online services for B2B and consumer market – Food delivery in Vietnam Master of Science Thesis, 75 pages, 4 appendices (4 pages) January 2013 Major: Industrial management Examiner(s): Professor Olavi Uusitalo Keywords: online service, customer demand, B2B and consumer market, online marketing, food delivery The evolution of the Internet and the dynamic of the economy nowadays have created opportunities for young companies to enter the online market. The source of these opportunities comes from the changes of customer behavior as they get used to the digital world. New Internet-based products and services are created to offer more and more benefits to customers. Interestingly, the dynamic of the market does not only come from the changes of customer behavior but also from the fast development of technology and innovative ideas. Successful products and services even shape the behavior of customer in using Internet. It can listed here the famous examples of Amazon in changing online purchasing behavior of customer or Facebook in changing the way people communicate and connect with each other. This research studies a new business model in online market, a multi-restaurants site which enables customers to...
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...Reference for International Marketing True/False 1. Confucian philosophy, taught throughout Japan’s history, emphasizes the basic virtue of loyalty to the country. ( T ) Confucian philosophy, taught throughout Japan’s history, emphasizes the basic virtue of loyalty “of friend to friend, of wife to husband, of child to parent, of brother to brother, but, above all, of subject to lord,” that is, to country. 2. The uncontrollable factors affecting international marketing are limited to political forces, economic climate, and competitive structure. ( F ) 3. Acculturation refers to the process of becoming an agent of change by innovating. (F) Humans make adaptations to changing environments through innovation. Individuals learn culture from social institutions through socialization (growing up) and acculturation (adjusting to a new culture). 4. We are less likely to evaluate a person’s behavior in terms of what is familiar to us because we use our self-reference criterion (SRC). (F) The self-reference criterion (SRC) is especially operative in business customs. If we do not understand our foreign counterpart’s customs, we are more likely to evaluate that person’s behavior in terms of what is familiar to us. 5. People from cultures with high Power Distance Index scores are more likely to have a general distrust of others. (T) People from cultures with high PDI (Power Distance Index) scores are more likely to have a general distrust of others (not those in their groups) because...
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...African Journal of Business Management Vol.6 (22), pp. 6456-6464, 6 June, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJBM DOI: 10.5897/AJBM11.2673 ISSN 1993-8233 ©2012 Academic Journals Review Key issues in cross-cultural business communication: Anthropological approaches to international business Tian Guang* and Dan Trotter Shantou University, Shantou City, Guangdong Province, Southern China. Accepted 8 March, 2012 Cultural factors have long been known to influence the communication and success potential of competition. Cultural awareness shapes how business firms behave in cross-culturally reflected international markets. It is broadly recognized that cultural factors act as invisible barriers in international business communications. Understanding cultural differences is one of the most significant skills for firms to develop in order to have a competitive advantage in international business. This paper probes some key elements of cross-cultural issues in international business communication and provides a framework for creating competitive advantage for firms engaged in international business. Culture affects many aspects of international business communication. It impacts free trade policies, localization and standardization strategy decisions, advertising, brand effectiveness, business relationships, international business management, international marketing, international negotiation, and consumer behavior. Seven themes are suggested as guidelines...
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...participation of private capital and under the general supervision of the Government of Pakistan (GOP) was taken in October 1963. Subsequently the GOP signed an agreement with Nipon electric company. Television centers were established in Karachi and Rawalpindi/Islamabad in 1967 and in Peshawar and Quetta in 1974.PTV satellite transmission is round the clock. The transmission includes ETV and PTV world transmission. The Karachi Center commenced its transmission on November 2, 1967 and was the first full-fledged station housed in its own building fully and properly equipped with better technical extensive equipment for production by electronic methods it has four main color studios, including one designed and equipped for News. Here are the channels of Pakistan television operating in different cities. PTV NEWS (News & Current Affairs...
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...6.0 Culture and Marketing 6.1 Marketing in a cross-cultural environment As the largest Western European country, France is a nation that takes immense pride in its history and prominent culture. Such cultural identities play a crucial role in French business culture, where appropriate conduct, mutual trust and understanding are the key to an organizations success. There are some problem to adapt the product and marketing with the people in France. That is why some intercultural marketing approach is needed. Culture Culture Management Management Organizations Organizations Communication Communication Marketer within Cross-Border Market Marketer within Cross-Border Market Figure 6.1: Marketing in a cross-cultural environment Source: Browaeys & Price, 2011 (page 229) In a company, marketing is one of important things to make sure the production’s activities are always proceeding. In a textbook written by Browaeys & Price (2011) had stated that, Wall and Rees (2004) divide marketing activities as follows: 1. Market analysis with at least three elements, which are environment analysis, buyer behavior and market research 2. Marketing strategy. Once a market has been scanned using the above tools, the company has to develop a strategy to give meaning and direction to its marketing activities. The strategies that often used are market segmentation and marketing mix. However, these approaches are no longer suitable...
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...International Marketing 1 The Scope and Challenge of International Marketing Objectives What you should learn from Module 1 What is meant by international marketing. To understand the scope of the international marketing task To comprehend the importance of the self-reference criterion (SRC) in international marketing. To be able to identify and manage the factors influencing internationalisation of companies. To evaluate the progression of becoming an international marketer. To see how international marketing concepts influence international marketers. To appreciate the increasing importance of global awareness. 1.1 The Internationalisation of Business 1.2 International Marketing Defined 1.3 The International Marketing Task 1.4 Environmental Adjustment Needed 1.5 Self-reference Criterion: An Obstacle 1.6 Becoming International 1.7 International Marketing Orientations 1.8 Globalisation of Markets 1.9 Developing a Global Awareness 1.10 Orientation of International Marketing Summary The first section of International Marketing offers an overview of international marketing and a discussion of the global business, political and legal environments confronting the marketer. International Marketing is defined as Performance of Business activities beyond national borders. The task of international marketer is explained. Key obstacles to international marketing are not just foreign environments but also our won self reverence criteria (SRC) and ethnocentrism. This...
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...decades, it is clear that many companies have an international orientation to their business activity. Many companies do business domestically, but they place a main concern on international markets also. Those companies apply international marketing strategies which fulfill the company’s needs, while at the same time satisfying clients in various markets. Business environment is characterized by regular change and unending long-term processes of globalization of the economy. Rushing economic development in recent years led to constant increase in competition within the local market and in foreign markets. Lithuania contains various industrial companies with a highly concentrated production, which try to establish and strengthen their situation in foreign markets. International business has become essential for a large number of companies in Lithuania, which has improved by the processes of globalization and by the growth of international competition. Entering European Union had a pro-found effect on companies in Lithuania. International marketing and its application represent a key part of successful corporate management of all international companies in Lithuania. Entering of a company into foreign markets demands an accurate decision making process, because there are many aspects that affect such an internationalization process. One of the most important decisions concerns the marketing mix. By developing an appropriate marketing mix, organizations can satisfy the needs of their...
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...Communications Plan Traditionally, beer is known as a critical part of Germany’s culture and directly translates to their industry practices and market behavior. According to Carroll, Preisendoefer, Swaminathan, and Wiedenmayer (1993), Germany is most notable for the highly fragmented structure of its industry, which contains many more breweries than the larger American industry. However, product concentration has not risen as expected for the market in Germany, which can be attributed to many factors including strong consumer preferences, high transportation costs, and governmental prohibitions specifically define acceptable ingredients used in German beer (Adams, 2006). Germany can increase its market share on a national level by careful and strategic expansion into other beer markets that currently have high demand for beer and less production barriers that counteract cost advantages of large-scale brewing. The most common type of product packaging used in Germany is bottling, which accounts for 60% of beer containment. Of the remaining 40% cans and kegs each makes up 20%. Canning has accelerated production capacity. Canning lines can fill 2,000 containers per minutes versus bottle lines that fill 1,100 containers per minute (Adams, 2006). The bottles used by German brewers are reusable, which adds to the high-cost of production. Expanding into new markets that support an efficient packaging mix, such as the use of canning lines will motivate German brewers to build larger...
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...Summary Global Marketing A market-responsive approach Svend Hollensen Second Edition 2001 ISBN 0-273-64644-3 -1- PART 1 Chapter 1 THE DECISION WHETHER TO INTERNATIONALIZE Global marketing in the firm SME: small medium sized enterprises LSE: large scale enterprises Companies wit little international experience and a weak position in their home market have little reason to try to perform on global markets. Instead they should try to establish a stronger position on their home market. A firm that finds itself as a dwarf on the global market may seek ways to increase their net worth by seeking partners, suited for a buy-out on longterm. If a firm already has international competences, it can overcome some of it’s competitive disadvantages by going into alliances with companies representing complementary competences. If you are ready for global marketing or not is bases on two things: 1. The industry of your business (how global is / can it be) 2. The preparedness for internationalisation 1 can be divided into mature; adolescent; immature 2 can be divided in local; potentially global; global Given the character of a company in both segments, one of the nine possible strategies can be chosen. You can find these in figure 1.1 on page 4 of Global Marketing. Difference between management styles of LSE and SME: Many LSE have begun downsizing their companies operations, so in reality, many LSE act like a lot of small differ operations. It can be...
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...International Marketing Word Count: 2500 [Name of the Writer] [Name of the Institute] Introduction The advancement in technologies has also enhanced the procedures and methods of marketing. The organizations are now adopting the global integrated marketing communication to reach the greater number of targeted customers. The organizations do not need to design marketing plan for each country rather they could look to adopt a standardized approach or can opt for an adapting strategy in order to meet the cultural, countries, communication and economic differentiations. The purpose of this essay is to understand the significance of global integrated marketing communication and to recognize the factors that should be considered in order to adopt standardization or adaptation approach for communication in international market. Standardization According to Kustin (2004), presenting the similar marketing strategies internationally is said to be the standardization approach. As stated by Vrontis & Thrassou (2007), the needs and wants of the consumer does not fluctuates among many of the countries. Moreover, the globalization has playing a great part in escalating the similarities and reducing the differentiations. However, adopting the standardization approach lower down the costs of the organization. Moreover according to (Lundeteg, 2012), standardzied strategy could also be termed as the one size fits for all strategy. The giant organizations and multinational organizations...
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...Running Head: Marketing The Rubric’s Cube Marketing The Rubik’s Cube Teresa M. Taylor Principals of Marketing Business 330 Instructor, Garlyn Lewis November 26, 2014 Running Head: Marketing The Rubrik’s Cube Marketing across cultures around the world is increasingly becoming a thriving business with the fast-speed globalization nowadays. The Four ‘Ps’ of marketing, namely product, price, place and promotion, include most of the elements of marketing decision-making. However, socio-cultural factors, in considering the combination of marketing strategies, will always run through them. Socio-cultural factors have a huge influence in people's concept of product and buying behavior. Lack of cultural awareness not only can lead to a decrease of product sales, but can even collapses the company’s whole international image. In this sense, understanding cultural differences plays an incredibly significant role in process of developing marketing strategies. The partnership should be cohesive and be aligned with one another’s future endeavors and goals. Demographics, psychographics, and data from general areas in a given target market are beneficial information that is useful in developing marketing strategies. It assists with the marketing decisions that are results of the four P’s. When deciding if a company should expand business into a global market, it is important to conduct market research. Global market research gathers and collects data and information and identifies...
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...How to build a strong employer brand? In the competitive business world, companies strive to protect their most precious asset, talent. Talent shortage is a major challenge across industries where employees with suitable technical competencies and qualities are difficult to obtain and retain in the competitive employment market. In addition, as Baby Boomers who possess substantial valuable experience for the companies retire, Generation Y became increasingly vital in the company’s workforce; study has shown that 1 in 5 worker will be above 55 years of age by 2021 compared with 1 in 7 in the year 2005. Companies not only struggle to replace the positions of the retired workforce with younger candidates with similar capabilities, they also realize that the two generations have different workplace expectations and values. Candidates are looking beyond the basic wage and benefits; factors such as career prospect, reputation, international mobility and company values also play a significant role in candidate decisions. Therefore companies need to adjust their conventional hiring method to position themselves strategically in order to capture the awareness and commitment of the top candidates. In order to attract and retain young talents, companies need to differentiate themselves from their competitors with their employer brand. Unlike product brand names that can be managed with marketing to manipulate consumer perception, employer brand needs to be cultivated through time...
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...There is a vital interplay between the challenge a brand faces and the culture of the corporation that owns it. When brand and culture fall out of alignment, both brand and corporate owner are likely to suffer. The brand’s distribution channels were as unconventional as its promotions. Initially Snapple had very little supermarket coverage. Instead, it flowed through the so-called cold channel: small distributors serving hundreds of thousands of lunch counters and delis, which sold single-serving refrigerated beverages consumed on the premises. Small as the individual distributors were, they aggregated into a mighty marketing force. But replicating Gatorade’s success was more than an objective—it was a matter of corporate survival. With only one brand in its beverage portfolio, Quaker was at a serious disadvantage to larger players that could use their broader lineups to capture economies of scale. To stave off acquisition by one of those larger competitors, Quaker needed to add a second brand that could capture similar economies. Acutely aware of the make-or-break nature of the acquisition, Quaker’s executives formulated a marketing plan that sought to minimize or eliminate risk. As it happened, though, Quaker’s very risk aversion turned out to be the greatest risk of all. It’s tempting to say that Triarc’s executives understood and embodied the quirky spirit of the Snapple brand in a way that Quaker’s marketing team never did, and Triarc’s executives aren’t inclined to disagree...
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...SWEDISH BUSINESS CULTURE FIELD REPORT – NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2010 [pic] [pic] [pic] SWEDEN FACTS AND FIGURES (2009 -2010) : Full name : Kingdom of Sweden (Sverige (SE), Ruotsi (FI) ) Capital :Stockholm ( 5 m inhabitants) Major language :Swedish Major religion : Christianity Land Area 449,964 sq.km (173 732 sq miles) Population: 9,3 m (=0,14 % of world´s population) Foreign born inhabitants : 13,8 % Population density: 20 sq. km Life expectancy: Men 80 years , women 84 years Adult literacy: 99% Average per household 2.1 Divorces per1,000 : 2.1 Internet domain : .se International dialing code :+46 Currency : Swedish Krona ( 9, 1310 Kr ~1 €) Parliament: The Riksdag, with 349 members in a single chamber National Day: June 6 Education: Nine years of compulsory schooling, but most pupils continue to the three-year upper secondary school. Around one third go on to higher education at universities and colleges throughout Sweden Working hours: Standard work week is 40 hours, minimum paid vacation is 5 weeks Labor force participation: Men: 74.0 %. Women: 68.3 % Employment (% of total): Agriculture 2%, industry 23%,services 75%,unemployed 9 % Longest north-south distance: 1,574 km Longest east-west distance 499 km Agricultural land: 8 % Forests: 53 % Marshland: 9 % Grasslands: 7 % Bare rocks and mountains: 12 % Lakes and rivers: 9 % Highest mountain: Kebnekaise (2,103 m) Biggest lake: Vänern (5,650 sq km) Natural resources: forest, ore, water power (see...
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...ABDT 3213 – International Marketing Week 2 Tutorial 1: Introduction to Global Marketing SECTION A: Coursework Briefing SECTION B: Discussion Questions 1. What are the basic goals of marketing? Are these goals relevant to global marketing? 2. What is meant by “global localization?” Is Coca-Cola a global product? Explain. 3. Describe some of the global marketing strategies available to companies. Give examples of McDonald that use the different strategies. 4. Describe the difference between ethnocentric, polycentric, regiocentric, and geocentric management orientations. 5. Define leverage and explain the different types of leverage utilized by companies with global operations. 6. What is “global marketing” and how does it differ from “regular marketing?” Giving examples of at least one major corporation explain these differences. SECTION C: CASE STUDY CASE 1-3: Acer Inc (page 57) 1. How did the “global markets-local markets” paradox figure into Shih’s strategy for China? 2. Can Acer become the world’s third largest PC company, behind Dell and Hewlett-Packard? 3. Growth in the U.S. PC market has started to slow down. Despite strong competition from Dell and Hewlett-Packard, Acer’s U.S. market share increased form 1 percent in 2004 to 3.3 percent by the end of 2006. What are Acer’s prospects for gaining further share in the United States? ABDT 3213 – International Marketing Week 3 ...
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