...infected with the bacteria the person infected starts to feel symptoms as soon as three to seven days after being exposed to the bacteria, symptoms include flu like symptoms such as fever, headaches, and vomiting, as well as swollen and painful lymph nodes, these swollen and painful lymph nodes tend to occur in areas closest to where the bacteria was able to break into the skin. Certain mass trade routes such as the Silk Road, which millions of people crossed that were from different places carrying different bacterias, helped lead to the quick and deadly spread of the Black Death. The Silk Road came to be because silk at that time was very valuable because of its multiple purposes, thus allowing to become a very valuable trading item. Traders during this time period were able to make fortunes carrying silk from the east to the western parts of the Silk Road. Because of this consistent trading for silk that occurred on this trade route its name eventually became the Silk Road, even though many other valuable trading goods were also carried along this route. The Silk Road because of how consistent the...
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...regulations.” This reflects that Buddhist practice within India was divided and organized into several different “sects,” each with their own master, ideas, and interpretations of the Buddha’s teachings. It illuminates and provides insight on how Buddhist practices were organized and implemented within Indian society, comprised of various institutions “constantly at variance” and at contention with one another. Additionally, this document also establishes and implies that Buddhist practices within India were evolving - the faith changing and developing as the cultural interactions and diffusion along the Silk Roads brought new ideas to Buddhism and its edicts. Writing during the 7th century C.E., Xuanzang’s accounts of Buddhist practices reflect the changes and evolving character of Buddhist practices within India as new cultures and commerce in the region affected the edicts and principles of the faith. The Silk Roads, an ancient network of trade routes that linked regions including Europe, the Middle East, and Asia, played a key role in spreading Buddhism, while also changing it as it became prevalent in places outside of its origin within India. While the Buddha had decreed that suffering was caused by desire, and the only way to attain nirvana was to stop desiring worldly things, Xuanzang’s account portrays a highly materialistic, somewhat avaricious system, in his description explaining how scholars attained recognition within their institution. According to the text...
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...them. The Byzantine Empire, although, was deeply influenced by the Roman administration after being the eastern region of the Roman Empire before the split, it also contained Greek elements due to the majority of Greek speaking citizens. The Byzantine Empire served to preserve Roman and Greek culture, allowed the spread of new religion and achievements through cultural diffusion. When the western region of the Roman Empire collapsed in 475, libraries and places of literature were destroyed under the chaos and much of the records kept by the civilization were lost. The eastern half managed to become an independent empire of its own, known today as; The Byzantine Empire. As a result, the Byzantine alone served to preserve the Roman and Greek culture in place of the diminishing western region. Among the preservation saved by Emperor Justinian, the ones that became most significant were the Roman Laws. Justinian then expanded on the law code based on the original Roman Laws to create the Justinian’s Code. The Justinian’s Code served as the governing system for numerous western countries. The occurrence of cultural diffusion also significantly impacts the Byzantine society. Not only were the capable of preserving culture, they were also able to spread ideas with other parts of the world and in exchange,...
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...time period. Meanwhile, the presence of cultural diffusion and cultural borrowing remained a continuity throughout both Asia and Europe. These changes and continuities throughout the period would serve to augment the course of history for many years to come. One of the main distinguishing changes for...
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...Trades in Indian textiles, silks and slaves established the routes for long-distance interactions from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and led to the emergence of a global awareness and globally transformative effects, as the exchange of New and Old World crops – these interactions were instrumental in the demographic and political transformations that made the modern world possible . The periods of European colonialism and imperialism offer clear examples of ‘peripheralisation’ processes, in which countries were brought into the sphere of European capitalism based on the needs of the imperial centres – many international economic and political treaties were unequal as they were designated to impose arrangements favourable to the imperial centres . Even before the Age of Exploration, interactions existed at global level. The Silk Roads, in particular, played a significant role in exchanging goods, technologies and ideas across the world – these exchanges were...
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... rests on the human capacity to think symbolically. Language, perhaps the most important feature, is a symbolic form of communication. The word table, for example, is nothing other than a symbol for the actual thing, a table. Language is a form of communication. Without language, culture could not be transmitted, people could not learn from one another across generations, and there would be no cultural continuity. Simply because culture is transmitted through symbols whose meanings remain more or less constant doesn't mean that cultures are static and don't change. On the contrary, cultures are never truly static. Which of us does not remember a grandparent comparing life today with the one s/he grew up in? The changes that took place between his/her lifetime and ours represent subtle cultural shifts in values, the things we use, and the way we use language. What causes cultural change? Outside influences, through a process known as cultural diffusion, may stimulate cultural change. An example of this is commercial or cross-cultural contacts like the Silk Road, which brought silk to the West and Buddhism into China. Inventions and technological developments from within a...
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...The Contributions of River Valley Civilizations Document-Based Question By: Krupa Patel The ancient River Valley Civilizations of Egypt, China, and Mesopotamia all made key contributions to future societies. Two contributions made by the Mesopotamian civilization, are introducing a complete set of laws and creating the world’s first written language. In Document 1, it states how Sumerians created cuneiform script over 5000 years ago. They used this writing system to keep track of business deals far away, to pass on new ideas to each generation, and to keep records. Cuneiform is what initially started languages all over the world; it was a form of communication that evolved differently in each society. Future civilizations would establish their own languages, gradually making its way to the modern century. In addition, the Mesopotamian civilization developed Hammurabi’s Code, the most complete set of laws that has survived. Document 2 supports this reasoning, by stating that these set of rules were important because they helped govern a civilization while trying to protect people even if they had little political power. From this, future civilizations would begin to make their own laws to have a more organized society. The Code of Hammurabi, however, also brought forth the idea of class. For instance, punishments were based on the class of the lawbreaker and the victim of the crime. The Mesopotamian civilization contributed two major things that even impact the world today:...
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...efficient. The hardships of crossing through the desert made it hard to cross and so that's where camels played a big part in the trade.Camels were used for transportation, because they could adapt to desert conditions, camels can go days without water and carry heavy loads.So they were perfect for the desert. A large amount of camels usually consisted of thousands of camels.Trade was primarily located in northern part of African cities that were developing around the Trans-Saharan trade route that resulted in thriving population and large amounts of growth. Popular exchanges had consisted of; spices and Iron from Kush and India, tools, ceramics, silk and beads from Europe and Asia. Spices and slaves were locally among the empires empires prospered under the Saharan trade and as an outcome migrations, linguistic diffusion and cross-cultural exchanges occurred.The trade route was also used for trading gold. The biggest trade was the “ Gold Trade and the Mali Empire “. It all started around the time of 1050 A.D. when Ghana was strong enough to assume control of the Islamic Berber town of Aoudaghost. But the strength didn’t stay with them it soon left them around 5 years later. After this part of the trade route started to close so did the rest. The journeys around the West African coast opened up new avenues for trade between Europe and West Africa. By the early sixteenth century, European bases were being built on the coast and trade and with the wealthier Europeans they soon became...
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...1. What is globalization, and what are some of the traditional international trade theories that support the concept of globalization? * Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being in societies around the world. Globalization is not new, though. For thousands of years, people—and, later, corporations—have been buying from and selling to each other in lands at great distances, such as through the famed Silk Road across Central Asia that connected China and Europe during the Middle Ages. Likewise, for centuries, people and corporations have invested in enterprises in other countries. In fact, many of the features of the current wave of globalization are similar to those prevailing before the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.This current wave of globalization has been driven by policies that have opened economies domestically and internationally. In the years since the Second World War, and especially during the past two decades, many governments have adopted free-market economic systems, vastly increasing their own productive potential and creating myriad new opportunities for international trade and investment. Governments also have negotiated dramatic...
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...AP World History Survival Guide Name ________________________________ Teacher __________________________ Block _________________ Table of Contents | Pages | AP World History Overview | 3 – 7 | The AP Exam | 3 | World Regions | 4 – 5 | Five Course Themes | 6 | Four Historical Thinking Skills | 7 | Essays Overview | 8 - 15 | Document-based Question (DBQ) | 8 – 12 | Change and Continuity over Time (CCOT) | 13 – 15 | Comparative Essay | 16 – 18 | Released Free Response Questions | 19 – 20 | AP Curriculum Framework | 21 – 38 | Period 1 (Up to 600 B.C.E.)—5% | 21 – 22 | Period 2 (600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.)—15% | 23 – 25 | Period 3 (600 to 1450)—20% | 26 – 28 | Period 4 (1450 to 1750)—20% | 29 – 31 | Period 5 (1750 to 1900)—20% | 32 – 35 | Period 6 (1900 to the present)—20% | 36 – 38 | Help with Some Confusing Subjects | 39 – 43 | Chinese Dynasties | 39 | Political, Economic, and Social Systems | 40 | Religions | 41 | Primary Sources | 42 | “Must Know” Years | 43 | * Many of the guidelines in this study packet are adapted from the AP World History Course Description, developed by College Board. The AP Exam Purchasing and taking the AP World History exam are requirements of the course. This year, the AP World History exam will be administered on: ___________________________________________ Format I. Multiple...
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...AP World History Survival Guide Name ________________________________ Teacher __________________________ Block _________________ Table of Contents | Pages | AP World History Overview | 3 – 7 | The AP Exam | 3 | World Regions | 4 – 5 | Five Course Themes | 6 | Four Historical Thinking Skills | 7 | Essays Overview | 8 - 15 | Document-based Question (DBQ) | 8 – 12 | Change and Continuity over Time (CCOT) | 13 – 15 | Comparative Essay | 16 – 18 | Released Free Response Questions | 19 – 20 | AP Curriculum Framework | 21 – 38 | Period 1 (Up to 600 B.C.E.)—5% | 21 – 22 | Period 2 (600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.)—15% | 23 – 25 | Period 3 (600 to 1450)—20% | 26 – 28 | Period 4 (1450 to 1750)—20% | 29 – 31 | Period 5 (1750 to 1900)—20% | 32 – 35 | Period 6 (1900 to the present)—20% | 36 – 38 | Help with Some Confusing Subjects | 39 – 43 | Chinese Dynasties | 39 | Political, Economic, and Social Systems | 40 | Religions | 41 | Primary Sources | 42 | “Must Know” Years | 43 | * Many of the guidelines in this study packet are adapted from the AP World History Course Description, developed by College Board. The AP Exam Purchasing and taking the AP World History exam are requirements of the course. This year, the AP World History exam will be administered on: ___________________________________________ Format I. Multiple...
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...Foundations: c. 8000 B.C.E.–600 C.E. Major Developments 1. Locating world history in the environment and time 1. Environment 1. Geography and climate: Interaction of geography and climate with the development of human society a. Five Themes of Geography – consider these 1. Relative location – location compared to others 2. Physical characteristics – climate, vegetation and human characteristics 3. Human/environment interaction – how do humans interact/alter environ a. Leads to change 4. Movement – peoples, goods, ideas among/between groups 5. Regions – cultural/physical characteristics in common with surrounding areas b. E. Africa first people – 750,000 years ago started to move 1. moving in search of food c. Role of Climate – End of Ice Age 12000 BCE – large areas of N. America, Europe, Asia became habitable – big game hunters already migrated 1. Geographical changes - 3000 BCE Green Sahara began to dry up, seeds to forests – N. America 2. Effect on humans – nomadic hunters didn’t move so much a. Settle near abundant plant life – beginning of civilization b. Sedentary life w/ dependable food supply 3. milder conditions, warmer temperatures, higher ocean...
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...and a Sultan is that Shahan-shah was a kingdom that was created by Tughril Beg, a Seljuk ruler, and the kingdom was established based on nomadic power. A Sultan was a group of people that ruled Egypt and Syria. The titles a Shahan-shah and a Sultan were used to mean power. 27) Toorobust urbanization decreased food resources, and political fragmentation had dissipated revenues. Also, the growing practice of using land grants to pay soldiers and courtiers also had an effect in causing the demographic and economic misfortunes of Iran and Iraq after the emergence of the Seljuk Turks. 28) Christian Crusaders and Mongol invasions impacted the Muslim world with destruction of cities and slaughter of civilian populations, their diversion of Silk Road trade, and their casual regard. 29) The impact the hadith have on the lives of Muslims, is that the growth of importance led to the influence the importance of learning, which then devoted to their analysis. But, the hadith also dealt with many ritual matters and often created problems. 30) The Shari'a can lead to a greater sense of unity in the umma because it provided the foundation for the Islamic civilization. Due to the fact that Islam did not have a legal system during the time of Muhammad, the Shari'a provided the organization and a sense of unity for the umma, that Muhammad was not able to provide. 31) The reasons why people converted to Islam, was because it helped with the spur of urbanization. Also, to convert to Islam, it...
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... Question 3: How does the Epic of Gilgamesh portray the gods and their relationship to humankind? D. Read pp. 95 – 97: Code of Hammurabi Question 1: What sorts of social problems afflicted ancient Mesopotamia? Question 2: To what extent was Mesopotamia patriarchal? E. Read pp. 181 – 183 Question 1: What as distinctive about the Jewish tradition? That is, what was distinctive about Judaism, what made Judaism different from many other religions of the time? F. Read pp. 117 – 122 Identify and or Define: Empire, Indo-European, Iranian Plateau, Achaemenid, Cyrus, Darius, Ahura Mazda, satrap. Persepolis Question 1: Why is the motto “Neither snow, nor rain, nor heat, nor darkness of night” a good example of cultural diffusion? G. Read pp. 122 – 124 Identify and or Define: Athens, Sparta, Plato, Aristotle, Zeus, Apollo, Hellenes, Olympic Games,...
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...William Marriott AP World History Mongols Essay 3/14/14 In Eurasia during the 12th through 14th centuries the Mongols innovated new methods of expansion; like stirrups and Calvary that allowed them to conquer and rule the sedentary people of Eurasia. They were able to rule their conquered land by dividing it into Khanates (sections) ruled individually by Khans (rulers). Their rule both positively and negatively affected the people they conquered because the Mongols set up trade, which benefitted the conquered, but they also forced the conquered to pay tribute. These factors allowed the Mongols to grow the largest land empire of history that spanned all over Eurasia. The Mongols were in part able to conquer so fast and effectively because of the methods they used to expand. An Italian explorer from Venice, Marco Polo, wrote a report on the Mongols from his trips to China and the Far East during 1274 through 1290. From Marco’s exploration he learned about the extreme expertise of the Mongols and the innovations and ideas they used that revolutionized fighting. Polo learned that the Mongols became experts at shooting their bow from when they were young. (Document #3) Their bow, made from sinew and horn, was capable of shooting 100 yards father than the classic English longbow. When you take into account the Mongols extreme skill at shooting was combined with an innovation of the stirrup (saddle) you can see how the Mongols were able to conquer so efficiently. ...
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