...URE , SAFE T Y, AN D E N VIRON ME N T PROGRAM Cybersecurity Economic Issues Corporate Approaches and Challenges to Decisionmaking RAND RESEARCH AREAS THE ARTS CHILD POLICY CIVIL JUSTICE EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS NATIONAL SECURITY POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE C ybersecurity economics is an emerging field. There is a significant need for better data, better understanding, and better methods for using resources wisely, not only to protect critical products and services but also to provide assurances that software will work as expected. In two articles, RAND senior scientist Shari Lawrence Pfleeger and her colleagues addressed these key cybersecurity concerns and identified how different types of companies or organizations perceive the importance of cybersecurity and make cybersecurity investment decisions. Abstract The emerging field of cybersecurity economics could benefit from better data, better understanding, and better methods for using resources wisely, not only to protect critical products and services but also to provide assurances that software will work as expected. This research brief presents findings that address these key cybersecurity concerns, perceptions of the importance of cybersecurity, and considerations for cybersecurity investment decisions. In particular, it suggests...
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...Anthem Health Data Breach Could Compromise PII of 80M Date February 5, 2015 Hackers allegedly broke into Anthem, Inc.’s database last week, potentially compromising the personal information of approximately 80 million former and current customers, as well as employees, according to multiple reports. The information potentially compromised includes names, dates of birth, medical IDs or Social Security numbers, street addresses, and email addresses, according to a statement from Anthem president and CEO Joseph Swedish posted on the company website. Employment information, some of which included income data, might also be at risk in the Anthem health data breach.2014-11-13-163188459 “Based on what we know now, there is no evidence that credit card or medical information, such as claims, test results or diagnostic codes were targeted or compromised,” Swedish said. “Once the attack was discovered, Anthem immediately made every effort to close the security vulnerability, contacted the FBI and began fully cooperating with their investigation.” Swedish added that the personal information of Anthem employees, including himself, were also compromised in this data breach. It was a “very sophisticated external cyber attack,” according to Swedish, and despite Anthem’s best efforts and “state-of-the-art information security systems” its IT system was breached. “We join you in your concern and frustration, and I assure you that we are working around the clock to do everything...
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...C156 Advanced Information Management– Task 1 A2. Analysis of Technology Two organizations migrating to a common health information system would need a system that meets current regulatory requirements, meets the needs of the combined organization and their practice environment. The implementation of a common health information system would require an interdisciplinary group of forward thinking innovators, and an interoperable electronic medical record system that includes standard nursing terminology. The technology needed in this scenario that would make this combination successful consist of network security measures to ensure security of protected health information under the federal requirements of HIPPA and HITECH. The use of emerging technology such as cellphones, tablets and remote technology should also be included in the discussions of creating a telehealth system that would accommodate both of the combining organizations. Telehealth not only includes communication between patients and healthcare providers, but also communication between healthcare providers in both of the combining organizations. Video conferencing can save healthcare providers time and money by allowing them to collaborate with one another without being physically near one another. A3. Identification of Team The interdisciplinary team on the project committee will consist of four team members. Team member A would be the project team lead in which I would nominate myself...
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...Private Industry & Regulations 4 3. National Security Concerns 4 4. Methods 6 5. Impacts of Government Regulation 7 6. Compliance 8 7. Responsibility 9 8. The Real World 10 9. Conclusion 11 References 12 1. Introduction Cybersecurity and cybersecurity initiatives are commonplace in all aspects of our digital lives. Personal computers are still widely used, especially in the workplace, but mobile devices seem to be the preferred computing choice of the average person. This would include but not be limited to; smart phones, tablets, and laptops to name a few. Mobile devices have changed the digital landscape in a manner that could not have been predicted. This is because other than work or school related activities, most personal computers were used to play a few games, check email, and browse the internet. These activities eventually transitioned over to the aforementioned mobile devices. Now we mix in social media, and a whole new digital cyber-world has emerged. Talk about getting your head out of the clouds. We live in the cloud, literally and figuratively. What does this mean to the average consumer? Perhaps not much. Most people who operate in the digital world could probably care less about the underpinnings of cyberspace and the digital devices that we use from the time we wake up in the morning until we go to sleep at night. As with many other aspects of our lives here in the U.S., there needs to be something in place to try...
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...©iStockphoto/Ljupco 36 June 2015 | practicallaw.com © 2015 Thomson Reuters. All rights reserved. The NIST Cybersecurity Framework Data breaches in organizations have rapidly increased in recent years. In 2014, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) issued a voluntary framework that is fast becoming the de facto standard for organizations to assess their cybersecurity programs. RICHARD RAYSMAN JOHN ROGERS PARTNER HOLLAND & KNIGHT LLP CHIEF TECHNOLOGIST BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON INC. Richard’s practice concentrates on computer law, outsourcing, complex technology transactions and intellectual property. He has significant experience in structuring technology transactions and has represented clients in billions of dollars of outsourcing transactions in addition to litigating reported cases. Richard is a guest contributor to The Wall Street Journal on technology issues, and Chambers has selected him as a leading technology attorney. Prior to practicing law, Richard was a systems engineer for IBM Corporation. © 2015 Thomson Reuters. All rights reserved. John has extensive information security experience in a variety of industries including financial services, retail, healthcare, higher education, insurance, non-profit and technology services. He focuses on improving client cybersecurity programs, assessing these programs against industry standards, designing secure solutions and performing cost/benefit analyses. ...
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...Security is Not a Commodity: The Road Forward for Cybersecurity Research Stefan Savage UC San Diego Fred B. Schneider Cornell University Version 4: February 3, 2009 Computers at Risk , a 1991 report by the Computer Science & Telecommunications Board of the National Research Council begins: We are at risk. Increasingly, America depends on computers. They control power delivery, communications, aviation, and financial services. They are used to store vital information, from medical records to business plans to criminal records. Although we trust them, they are vulnerable—to the effects of poor design and insufficient quality control, to accident, and perhaps more alarmingly, to deliberate attack. The modern thief can steal more with a computer than with a gun. Tomorrow’s terrorist may be able to do more damage with a keyboard than with a bomb. When these words were written, the first web browsers were still on the drawing board and the Internet was a place for high-tech aficionados. How far we have come! Today, our dependence on inter-networked computing systems means that virtually every walk of American life—whether personal or commercial, public or private, civilian or military—is intermediated by computer systems. But virtually none of these systems are trustworthy; all are subject to attack; in fact, many are actively under attack today. It is 2009 and we very much remain a nation at risk. Moreover, we are embarking on a trajectory...
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...increase in funding and support for the study of emerging cybersecurity technologies. The considerations for this paper are to discuss the emerging technologies and strategies that can be integrated across the public and private sector to improve cybersecurity on a local, national, and international level. New technologies need to dynamically assess networks real-time such as with the use of Remote Agents and Real-time forensic analysis. These technologies also need to make the attack space less predictable and constantly evolving such as through the use of moving target defense. Emerging Cybersecurity Technologies The E-government Act of 2000 was signed by President Bush to move toward a more 24-7 government. The dream was to eliminate the need to have to stand in line at the DMV for half a day just to pay annual vehicle registration fees (Barker, 2011). Security was certainly a concern, but it was not at the forefront of the move as government agencies would go through massive changes in equipment, manning, and practices in order to move information and programs online. Now, over a decade later we still see moves and changes taking place, such as the department of Veterans Affairs recently moving all of their applications, forms and records online. The expensive cost of getting the government caught up was expected with such an overhaul in the system; however, the U.S. should have spent more on cybersecurity and had to learn this lesson the hard way. The recent breaches...
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...1. What is the difference between a. and a. Discuss what you should consider when writing a cybersecurity policy for a megachurch. Describe your business and your goals. Give your business a creative name. As a church, the primary goal is to offer a faith-based solution to issues while emphasizing the importance of collaboration. Various ministries exist within the organization and a focal point is to increase their scope and impact as time progresses. The outreach of a church stems far and wide, from kid’s service, bible study, and Men’s and Women’s Conferences, to Spiritual Resort Trips, and Teen Lock-In’s. Our goal is to allow youth, adults, and the elderly to lean on each other, and more importantly, lean on God. The main day of operation...
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...government sectors. There has been a steady increase in numbers of cybercrime with its benefits over the traditional crime in the past decades. Cyber criminals are getting smarter and equipped with more resources with every passing days and are becoming bigger threats. Therefore, it is important to scrutinize those cybercrime-related issues as well as to delve into planning a well-thought out countermeasure for both private and government sectors in various aspects for betterment of safer society of the information era. In this paper, Part I addresses how government intervention justifies telling private industry how to set up or improve their cybersecurity with its policies. Part II addresses the impacts on national security due to government regulation by private industry’s compliance. Part I. Government Regulation of Private Sector Cybersecurity Cyber criminals always look for vulnerabilities such as unsecured network to gain backdoor access to attack critical infrastructure or collect...
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...and more difficult for law enforcement to regulate Regulation and the enforcement of laws become more difficult when the criminal activity is masked by computer technology. It is easy for criminals to commit certain crimes using false information, others identities, and seemingly evaporating paper trails with the use of E-cash. And with personal and business finance being digitized, any savvy tech has the ability to work themselves into these systems and manipulate it to their own personal gain. Embezzlement has been considered a criminal act since the fifteenth century. Embezzlement is defined as the unlawful misappropriation for personal use of money, property, or anything of value that has been entrusted to the offender’s personal care, custody, or control. (Taylor 88). Typically, embezzlement schemes are a result of disgruntled employees that feel they are underpaid, underutilized, or unappreciated. The most common example is bank tellers taking a deposit from the customer and putting it into their own pocket without ever entering the money or transaction into the banks system. This is petty theft at best, but considering the definition of embezzlement it qualifies. Another example given is of a man that used phony passwords to break into his companies payroll system and give himself raises and bonuses. He was able to embezzle 108,000 dollars over the course...
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...Department of Defense INSTRUCTION NUMBER 8500.01 March 14, 2014 DoD CIO SUBJECT: Cybersecurity References: See Enclosure 1 1. PURPOSE. This instruction: a. Reissues and renames DoD Directive (DoDD) 8500.01E (Reference (a)) as a DoD Instruction (DoDI) pursuant to the authority in DoDD 5144.02 (Reference (b)) to establish a DoD cybersecurity program to protect and defend DoD information and information technology (IT). b. Incorporates and cancels DoDI 8500.02 (Reference (c)), DoDD C-5200.19 (Reference (d)), DoDI 8552.01 (Reference (e)), Assistant Secretary of Defense for Networks and Information Integration (ASD(NII))/DoD Chief Information Officer (DoD CIO) Memorandums (References (f) through (k)), and Directive-type Memorandum (DTM) 08-060 (Reference (l)). c. Establishes the positions of DoD principal authorizing official (PAO) (formerly known as principal accrediting authority) and the DoD Senior Information Security Officer (SISO) (formerly known as the Senior Information Assurance Officer) and continues the DoD Information Security Risk Management Committee (DoD ISRMC) (formerly known as the Defense Information Systems Network (DISN)/Global Information Grid (GIG) Flag Panel). d. Adopts the term “cybersecurity” as it is defined in National Security Presidential Directive-54/Homeland Security Presidential Directive-23 (Reference (m)) to be used throughout DoD instead of the term “information assurance (IA).” 2. APPLICABILITY a. This instruction applies to: (1) OSD, the...
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...Aftab Khan IT120 Cybersecurity Principles Assignment 3 Due by 2pm, October 29 (Thursday) Data breaches happening in healthcare can cause severe damage. This assignment looks at different sets of data submitted to the Department of Human Services whenever a breach affects 500 or more individuals. (https://ocrportal.hhs.gov/ocr/breach/breach_report.jsf) You have each been assigned a “filter” to research and assess. For the filer you are assigned, make a report that includes the following information: 1. Describe the web site and the policy/legislation under which the organization is required to report their breaches Department of health and human services, office of civil rights websites, where as required by section 13402(e)(4) of the HITECH Act, the Secretary must post a list of breaches of unsecured protected health information affecting 500 or more individuals. These breaches are now posted in a new, more accessible format that allows users to search and sort the posted breaches. 2. Describe how the organization must file their report. Includes brief summaries of the breach cases that OCR has investigated and closed, as well as the names of private practice providers who have reported breaches of unsecured protected health information to the Secretary. 3. Name of the filter designated. 2015 4. How many breaches did you identify as a result of the filter There are about 223 breaches for 500 or more. 5. Select one result that catches your...
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...According to the American Telemedicine Association, the relatively new remote medicine field has grown into a multi-billion dollar industry. Most home health agencies, hospitals, primary care providers, and specialists utilize some form of telehealth technology, while continue to strive toward building a legal foundation. Health care organizations and insurers view telemedicine as a welcome alternative to time-consuming and costly office visits, and consumers increasingly accept telemedicine as a norm. Furthermore, the technology allows consumers to connect with providers conveniently using such as mobile phones and tablets. However, telemedicine practitioners currently rely on laws design for traditional settings. The following topics review a few of the concerns affecting telemedicine providers. Patient Privacy and Confidentiality With telemedicine, care providers can store...
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...Cybersecurity and U.S.-China Relations 网络安全与美中关系 Kenneth Lieberthal and Peter W. Singer 李侃如，彼得. W. 辛格 Cybersecurity and U.S.-China Relations 网络安全与美中关系 Kenneth Lieberthal and Peter W. Singer 李侃如，彼得. W. 辛格 February 2012 Authors’ Note F or the last year, the John L. Thornton China Center and the 21st Century Defense Initiative at Brookings have convened a working group on cybersecurity and U.S.-China relations, which the two authors organized and co-chaired. The research was motivated by our sense that: 1) the many policy issues involved in cybersecurity, especially in its impact on foreign relations, were already significant and would grow rapidly in importance in the coming years; 2) that such issues, if not well managed, could provide a major source of international friction, especially in U.S.-China relations; and 3) the newness of the field added a particularly complicating factor, making cybersecurity one of the most important but least understood emerging flashpoints in global security. A key aspect of the effort was to convene several dozen knowledgeable Americans from both the private and public sector, including the civilian government, military, corporate, think tank, and university communities. With such dynamic and fast-changing events playing out, the Brookings project not only sought to study the key issues in cybersecurity and how they impact U.S.-China relations, but also to break down some of the organizational and bureaucratic stovepipes that have limited...
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...CYBER SECURITY NAME ISNTITUTION Cyber security plays an important part in managing information for various functions. In hospitals for example where doctors need to share information about several patients and all other important information about emergency and non-emergency access of this information. The security and privacy of a patient is one of the key points in the doctors’ profession. There are several ways in which patient’s information can be secured online through the internet and the intranet as used by various health facilities. This information regarding health care, patient, and administrator records need to be secure for a credible healthcare system (Shoemaker & Conklin, 2012). While designing any system it is necessary to determine the security risk that is generated while developing any platform that is used. In understanding the security risks estimation, one has to carefully analyze the intensity of the risk and classify them accordingly. One of the ways in which you can classify the risks is to look at the impact in which the risk may put to the information. This can be low impact and high impact. Low impact risk will be given lowest priority while responding to risk while that with the high impact will be given the highest priority. One of the ways used in analyzing the risks is by using the protection poker for software risk assessment. This analyzes the ease of attack. Ease of attack looks at the vulnerability of the site and program...
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