...USE OF DATA ANALYSIS IN MODELING Use of Data Analysis in Modeling Michael Matthews CIS 331: System Modeling Theory Strayer University Mark O’Connell, PHD March 5, 2013 The term “model” refers to a process of creating a representation of reality and working with this simplified representation in order to understand or control some part of the world (Barker, Powell 2004 pg. 11). A model can be used in varies ways such as business plains, forming a database, or building a structure. It can also be formed mentally, visually, and mathematically especially by data analysis. Data analysis is the process of raw data measured in order to determine the means based on that data. Although, data is relevant in producing a model, it is only used to provide general perspective of information, not to form a solution. By determining this objective, I will demonstrate the use of data analysis to form a model and the advantages and disadvantages that come with it. The techniques of a model are used constantly to understand the world and to predict the outcomes and actions. For example, a mental model come into play when one manager has to decide is hiring an older worker beneficial to the company. Another manager suggests that hiring older workers is a good idea because they bring valuable experience to the job. This mental model is the basis of decision making, one action forming an outcome (Barker, Powell 2004). The decision that is made, the advantage and disadvantage of hiring...
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...Database Modeling Kelli Clipp Business Systems Analysis INF322 Arman Kanooni February 10, 2013 This paper discusses database modeling and one tool that can be used for the process. The tool I’ve chosen is based on the material in our textbook and article ‘Modeling for the future’. Database modeling is the process of software engineering which allows for the creation of an information system. In the article ‘Modeling for the future’, they compare database modeling to constructing a house (Carreon, Wang, & Watt, 1996). This comparison is based on the fact that one would use a blueprint when building a house and database modeling can be considered as the same concept. A data model is in essence a blueprint or a plan for the database and without it the database may not be very well built, as with any program, house or building you need a plan. There are several tools available for database designers to utilize and the key is choosing the tool which is right to be used that will meet all the requirements of the database to be created. In the article ‘Modeling for the future’ they discussed and compared products from 1996, and although this article appeared to cover the four key products for database modeling at that time, the market has changed...
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...OBJECT-RELATIONAL DATABASE MODELING USING UML Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………..4 Overview of ER Modeling and UML…………………………………………………………...4 UML Meta-model……………………………………………………………………………… 6 UML Components………………………………………………………………………………7 UML Data Profile……………………………………………………………………………….9 UML Diagrams……………………………………………………………………………….....10 UML Diagram Classification – Static, Dynamic, and Implementation…....................................12 4+1 View of UML Diagrams……………………………………………………………………13 Object-oriented Class Model and Relational Database Model..............................................…...14 Use of UML to develop Ontologies…………………………………………………………..…17 References……………………………………………………………………………………….19 Abstract The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is being used as the de-facto standard in the software industry. With the adoption of UML 2.0, the new enhancements allow this version to describe many of the elements found in today's software technology as well as Model Driven Architecture and Service-Oriented Architecture. Many existing software applications involve complex application layer implemented in object-oriented programming languages and at the same time use relational database systems as the back-end data store. Modeling the whole system in a consistent manner will help developers and end users better understand the application. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a standard language for modeling software and database systems. Data...
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...Brenda Lucas Entity relationship modeling is extremely valuable in a complex data environment. In relational database management system, entity relationship modeling becomes essential when dealing with a large number of entities and/or complex relationships. In addition, some entities that have many different relationships, or even multiple relationships with a single entity, can be difficult to conceptualize without the assistance of a well-thought-out model. As pointed out by Allen (2005), entity relationship modeling provides a highly intuitive reference for developers of a database system. ACME Global Consulting is an organization that services a vast number of clients across many domains. They deal with thousands of orders and products on a daily basis. From their customer service department to their order fulfillment department, the need for an efficient, accurate information system is self-evident. However, when dealing with so much information in such a complex system, the importance of proper planning and design cannot be overstated. There is no area of the system development lifecycle more critical than planning and design. The purpose of the entity relationship model to be developed for ACME Global Consulting is to visualize the entities and relationships that will exist within the relational database. As is discussed by Chilton (2006), it can be difficult to wrap one’s mind around the concept of relational databases at first. It really is not that difficult...
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...Introduction Many organizations and companies rely on databases to run their operations and achieve competitive advantage. Database design refers to the different parts of the design of an overall database system. It can be thought of as the logical data structures used to store data, and the forms and queries used as part of the overall database application within the database management system (Wikipedia.org). The paper focuses on database design methods and steps that can be taken to achieve a good design structure that avoids redundancy, duplicate data or the absence of required data. The need to understand database models Databases are important to the organizational setting. Databases allow organizations to share data across multiple applications and systems. Organizations build several databases each one sharing data with several information systems. This is because it is almost impractical to build one database to meet an entire organization’s needs. Therefore data design is critical to the consistency, integrity and accuracy of the data in a database. A database that is improperly designed will make it difficult to retrieve certain types of information. Besides, there is the risk that searches will produce inaccurate results or information that may have potential damaging effects on a company's bottom line. Inaccurate database may also affect the daily operations of a business and its future direction. A good database addresses the informational and operational needs of...
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...experience with data. Even if you are new to the Database world you have this experience since your personal information is data in many places. List an example of a database and how you interact with that database. One example might be as a customer receiving monthly bills. Another example might be your personal information collected at a medical office. Respond to at least two of your classmates’ postings. According to the text, a database is “an organized collection of data used for the purpose of modeling some type of organization or organizational process” (Hernandez, 2003). The two types of databases found in database management are operational and analytical. Operational databases, according to the text, are those which allow the user to collect, modify, and maintain the information on a daily basis. For example, an inventory database that is automatically updated anytime a new purchase or delivery is made is an operational database. An analytical database, on the other hand, is one that allows the user to store and track historical and time-dependent data. My first thought of an analytical database would be a phone book. The data contained in a phone book has been collected and stored by the company that produces the phone book. It is time-dependent, as evidenced by the need to issue new volumes every so often, and it is static information that cannot be changed without issuing a new book. References Hernandez, M. (2003). Database Design for Mere Mortals (2nd ed.). Boston:...
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...You don’t have to be tall and super thin. No matter what you look like: You too can become a Model! There are different types of models and you have to be realistic in your expectations! There are fashion models, teen models, plus size models, and commercial models. Whenever you look at any magazine, or newspaper ad that is not geared towards fashion you see commercial models. And commercial models look like normal everyday people. As a commercial model, you are not going to get rich. At least most people won’t. But it can be fun part-time work with benefits such as free clothes, great pictures, and usually local recognition. Last night, I participated in Aaron Marcus' Tele-seminar entitled "How to Get Acting and Modeling Jobs and Find Modeling Agencies". The seminar lasted about an hour. You could call in and watch it over the Internet. Aaron offers workshops that you can attend live, but of course he doesn’t come to Birmingham, AL Some of the things that Aaron covered in his seminar were: * How to be a model regardless to what you look like. * What it takes to be a working model. * What to focus on when starting out. You see commercial models in many types of ads. Everyday people are used all of the time posing as Doctors, Lawyers, Teachers, Athletes, etc. Figure out what look you fit and target your career at those types of roles. Once you figure out what type of model that you can be, practice, practice, practice. Gather pictures of looks...
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...a Language in which a user request information from the database. These languages are typically of a level higher than that of the standard programming language. It is divided into either procedural or non-procedural language. In the procedural Language, the user instructs the system to perform the sequence of operation on the database to compute a desired result. In a non-procedural Language, the user describes the information desired without giving a specific procedural for obtaining the information. Relational Algebra Definition It is a procedure language. It consists of a set of operations that take one or more relations as input and produce a new relation as a result. The fundamental operations of relational algebra are select, project, union, set difference, Cartesian product and rename. Other operations are: Set intersection, natural join, division and assignment. • The basic set of operations for the relational model is known as the relational algebra. These operations enable a user to specify basic retrieval requests. • The result of retrieval is a new relation, which may have been formed from one or more relations. The algebra operations thus produce new relations, which can be further manipulated using operations of the same algebra. • A sequence of relational algebra operations forms a relational algebra expression, whose result will also be a relation that represents the result of a database query (or retrieval request). Keys • Let K ( R...
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...in a world where data is a critical resource. Information is also a critical resource and consists of data that is processed into meaningful information for the purpose of organizations and users. Collected data is stored into what is known as databases where it is organized into potentially valuable information. Data also known as Raw data is a stream of facts that are not organized or arranged into a form that people can understand or use (Gillenson, Ponniah, Kriegel, Trukhnov, Taylor, Powell, & Miller, 2008) . Raw Data are facts that have not yet been processed to reveal their meaning (Gillenson, Ponniah, Kriegel, Trukhnov, Taylor, Powell, & Miller, 2008). For example when AT&T wireless ask their clients to participate in a survey about the products they have purchased or how was their customer service experience the data collected is useful but not until the raw data is organized by combining it with other similar data and analyzed into meaningful information. Information is the result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning (Coronel, Morris, & Rob, 2010). Data processing can be as simple as organizing data to reveal patterns or as complex as making forecasts or drawing inferences using statistical modeling (Gillenson, Ponniah, Kriegel, Trukhnov, Taylor, Powell, & Miller, 2008). Both data and information are types of knowledge which share similarities in the fact that each are used to draw a conclusion for a specific purpose. Data is gathered...
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...LOGICIAL DESIGN PART 1 Jon Jones Professor Segura CIS111 Intro to Database Mgt Systems April 20, 2013 The ACME Global consulting will provide software development solutions, offer advice and support and structure within a company. From short to long term project as well as small to large sized businesses and corporations. The main components that apply to this are having a set of domains and sets that represents data structure, Integrity of rules that ensures data protection and operations that will carry on data. The company needs to have an understanding of data and functional needs of the company. The relational model can be used with both databases and the management systems. The relational model would allow the designer to develop the logical structure and specify what needs to be done and provide options for the design. The advantages of the relational model would be simplicity of the concept, implementation design and Ad hoc capability of query implementations. The purpose of E-R model for the ACME global consulting is to inform clients of a powerful database design that the relational model can show. The E-R model consists of components like entities, attributes and relationships for example. The model helps provide a visual representation of the data needs. The relational model can apply to databases and the management systems. By seeing the visual diagrams Acme global consulting would be able to see clearly and understand the data requirements of the...
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...A database management system, or DBMS, is the category of computer software programs that are used in the creation, organization, retrieval, analysis, and sorting of information in computer-based databases. A database management system is comprised of: * A modeling language, which is used to define the database structure. Commonly, database structures are hierarchical, network, relational, and object based. How they go about connecting related information is where models differentiate. The relational database model is the most widely used. * A database engine, which manages the structure of the database and optimizes data storage for a balance of quick retrieval of information and an efficient usage of space. * A database query language, that allows developers to write programs that extract data from the database, present it, and allow for the saving and storage of changes. * A transaction mechanism, which validates data before storing it while also ensuring numerous users are not allowed to corrupt the data by updating the same data at the same time “Database architecture focuses on the design, development, implementation and maintenance of computer programs that store and organize information for business, agencies and institutions”. One such example is Microsoft SQL Server. There are four system databases in each instance of Microsoft SQL Server (master, model, tempdb, and msdb) and at least one user database. Some companies have a database used by...
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...SCHEME OF EXAMINATION FOR MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (MCA) (SIX-SEMESTER Programme) |Semester – I | |Paper |Title of the Paper |Duration |Maximum Marks |Total | |No. | |Of Exam | | | | | | |Theory |Sessional* | | |MCA-101 |Computer Fundamentals and Problem Solving Using C |3 Hours |80 |20 |100 | |MCA-102 |Computer Organisation |3 Hours |80 |20 |100 | |MCA-103 |Discrete Mathematical Structures |3 Hours |80 |20 |100 | |MCA-104 |Software Engineering |3 Hours |80 |20 |100 | |MCA-105 |Computer Oriented Numerical and Statistical Methods |3 Hours |80 |20 |100 | |MCA-106 |Software Laboratory - I |3 Hours | | |100 | | |C (Based on MCA-101) |...
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...GENERALIZED TECHNICAL DATA PROCESSING: 1. Moore’s Law: Actual Meaning – April 1965 Gordon made an observation that approximately every 18-24 months twice as many semiconductors can be stored on a chip/ double storage capacity (NOT a LAW) 2. Moore’s Law: Generalized meanings – the speed of computers is set to double every two years 3. Central Processing Unit (CPU) and the three primary components thereof – the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control & input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions. Runs programs. Three primary components are the: 1. Main Memory- (aka RAM/ physical storage) constructed from integrated circuits and needs to have electrical power in order to maintain its formation. When power is lost, so is the information. Made up electronic circuits > 2 state situation ON/OFF, High voltage/ low voltage, negatively charged/ positively charged. *PHYSICAL – reality *LOGICAL – a model; not the truth 2. Control Unit- extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them calling on the ALU when necessary 3. Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) - performs arithmetic and logical operations 4. Von Neumann Architecture – computer architecture consisting of the 3 CPU components. (1945 mathematician & physicist) 5. Execution Cycles/ Instruction Cycles – how the control...
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...Database program Vs. Spreadsheet program When choosing which type of program you should use to manage your customer records, you need to know what the difference is between the two. Spreadsheets are designed to analyze data and sort list items, not for long-term storage of raw data. A spreadsheet should be used for ‘crunching’ numbers and storage of single list items. Spreadsheet programs provide the means for keeping inventory, statistical data modeling, and computing data. They also include graphing functions that allow for quick reporting and analysis of data. Spreadsheet programs are relatively easy to use, require little training to get started, and have the advantage that most data mangers are somewhat familiar with them. The disadvantages of spreadsheets include having to re-copy data over and over again to maintain it in separate data files, the inability to efficiently identify data errors, the lack of detailed sorting and querying abilities, and sharing violations among users wishing to view or change data at the same time. Additionally, spreadsheets are restricted to a finite number of records, and can require a large amount of hard-drive space for data storage. Databases require little or no duplication of data between information tables, and changes made to the data do not corrupt the programming. Databases offer better security to restrict users from accessing privileged information, and from changing coded information in the programming. Furthermore, the two...
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...track this information. They also track requests for new software, software checkouts to faculty with administrative privileges on their machines, and if installs are successful or run into any problems. When requests for software are received, the software management team must manually access a spreadsheet to see if the school has the data. When new software arrives, they must manually check the licensing agreement online when they don’t know off the top of their head. These agreements vary between being accessible to any computer on site via a server install or having a limited number of copies that must be installed client-side. A database would allow Grandfield to effectively track all of these things in one place and to be able to draw a better view of what the demands are over time. Scope Grandfield College wants a database to track faculty and staff computers, what software is installed on each, who has access to each computer, and requests for new software. Being able to track install issues would also be of great benefit for easier troubleshooting. Constraints Software for student machines is a separate and complex issue and will be treated as a separate project at a later time. Objectives ● Track what software is installed and removed and the...
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