...BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Hukum Hak Kekayaan Intelektual termasuk dalam kajian hukum perdata, karena ada segi dari hukum itu yang merupakan aspek hukum privat. Yang dilindungi dalam sistem perlindungan HKI adalah hak kekayaan intelektual dari pemilik hak. Dalam hukum perdata, disebutkan dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (KUHPerdata) Pasal 499 bahwa: “Menurut paham undang-undang yang dinamakan kebendaan ialah, tiap-tiap barang dan tiap-tiap hak, yang dapat dikuasai oleh hak milik”.[1] Dari rumusan tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa dalam pandangan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (KUHPerdata), yang dimaksud dengan kebendaan adalah segala sesuatu yang dapat dikuasai dengan hak milik, tanpa memperdulikan jenis atau wujudnya. Perlu diperhatikan disini bahwa penguasaan dalam bentuk hak milik ini adalah penguasaan yang memiliki nilai ekonomis. Suatu kebendaan yang dapat dimiliki tetapi tidak memiliki nilai ekonomis bukanlah kebendaan yang menjadi objek pembicaraan.[2] Dari sini dapat disimpulkan bahwa hukum HKI termasuk dalam lingkup hukum kebendaan sesuai yang diatur dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (KUHPerdata). Hal lain yang juga menjadikan hukum HKI termasuk dalam aspek hukum privat adalah dari segi pemberian lisensi. Agar tidak melanggar hak atau kuasa dari si pemilik hak kekayaan intelektual, pelaksanaan pemberian lisensi harus didahului dengan adanya perjanjian lisensi antara pemohon lisensi dan pemberi lisensi yakni si pemilik hak...
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...Should Mary Wollstonecraft and Hannah More be defined as feminists? Like any ideology, there is not a defining answer as to what feminism means. The Oxford English Dictionary defines feminism as the “advocacy of equality of the sexes and the establishment of the political, social, and economic rights of the female sex”. The term ‘feminist’ itself has been used in the United Kingdom since the 1880s but it’s philosophy had been dated back centuries before. Since then it’s meaning has evolved into different branches from radical feminism to liberal feminism for example, and is used on a political platform. It is fact that both Mary Wollstonecraft and Hannah More are examples of women who philosophised about women’s rights and their place in society. They both produced published works discussing women in society focused upon educational reform, and many have debated the extent to which they should be considered feminists. However, although their views contradicted each other, based on the modern day definition of feminism, both Wollstonecraft and More should be considered feminists for numerous reasons. Firstly, it is indisputable that Mary Wollstonecraft was a feminist and even as far to be considered as the “founder of western feminism”. In Wollstonecraft’s writings, a new female value is consciously introduced and effectively infused into a movement across the late eighteenth century. There are many books that focus on Wollstonecraft’s thought alone as they all depict the influences...
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...Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis Ano ba ang Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? Ayon sa linguistlist.org, ang “Sapir-Whorf hypothesis ang teoryang nagsasabi na ang takbo ng pag-iisip at mga kilos ng isang indibidwal ay nakabatay sa wika o mga wika na kanyang ginagamit. Ang malakas na bersyon ng hypothesis ay isinasaad na lahat ng iniisip at kinikilos ng tao ay nakagapos sa limitasyon ng wika, na mas hindi katanggap-tanggap di tulad ng mas mahinang bersyon na nagsasaad na hinuhubog lamang ng wika ang pag-iisip at kilos. Ibig sabihin, may ibang mga ideya ng isang indibidwal sa isang wika na hindi maaaring maintindihan ng ibang nakapaloob sa ibang wika. Sino sina Sapir at Whorf? Si Edward Sapir (1884-1939) na ipinanganak sa Lauenberg, Germany, ay isang Amerikanong anthropologist-linguist at pinuno ng American structural linguistics. Siya ang nagsulat ng Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech. Estudyante siya ni Franz Boaz at guro ni Benjamin Whorf. Sa 1929 na edisyon ng Encyclopedia Britannica na inilathala niya ang pinakanirerespetong klasipikasyon ng mga wikang Native American. Si Benjamin Lee Whorf (1897-1941) ay nagtapos sa MIT noong 1918 ng Chemical Engineering. Kahit na nakilala at nakasama niya sa pag-aaral si Edward Sapir, hindi niya kinuha ang linggwistiks bilang isang propesyon. Tulad ni Sapir, ang pokus ng kanyang pag-aaral ay ang sa wika ng mga Native American. Higit siyang nakilala sa kanyang akda tungkol sa wikang Hopi. Ano ang isinasaad ng Sapir-Whorf...
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...Nanotechnology Acino Bachem Clariant Concentris Lonza Nanosurf Rohner Chem Rolic Solvias Swiss Nanoscience Institute Zeptosens ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Agribusiness & Food Bell AG Bio.inspecta AG DSM Nutritional Products Feldschlösschen Jungbunzlauer Louis Ditzler AG Ricola Syngenta Medical Technology * Camlog * Medartis * NaviSwiss * SIC invent AG Switzerland * Straumann * Synthes * Thommen Medical ------------------------------------------------- Commerce & Logistics * 4PL Central Station * AMAC Aerospace * Bardusch AG * Coop * Davidoff * Densa AG * Dolder * Dufry * Fracht * General Transport * Gondrand * Haecky Import * Hello * Leimgruber * MAT Transport * Messe Schweiz * Panalpina * Papierhof Rheinfelden AG * SBB Cargo * Spedag * Swiss International Air Lines *...
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...WOMEN IN SOCIETY, HISTORY. Writer Hester Eisenstein, claim that Feminism or feminist thoughts is traceable back to the fifteenth century and also to earlier times, such as the age of Sappho. However, it is mainly observed from the mid 1960’s and 70’s, when the organised women’s movement began to revitalise itself and make a statement, that feminist perspectives began to influence the outpouring of publications on women history and female education. (Purvis June 1985). This piece of work is taken from the document written about Medieval Education in England. It shows that what little education given was mainly received by boys and girls hardly ever got any sort of education or as little as possible, instead they where to stay at home and learn home keeping. My commentary is focused on the history of women from the Roman to Medieval times. Except for a few exceptions, all Roman women were for their entire lives subject to some degree of limitation on the capacity for independent legal actions. (Jane Gardner 1986). Authority to act must either be obtained from, or was ordered by a man, which could either be a father, husband or guardian. For girls, puberty was written in law, and a girl is said to have reached it at the age of twelve, and to be of marriageable age at 12 and sometimes before they actually reach puberty. A woman married with Manus (creation) was effectively in the position of an adopted daughter and a part of the family, she had no legal independence and no independent...
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...By: Amanda Messler-Layman HCS 440 Health Care Spending. Health care is a huge added player in the hat rides the Current national expenditure levels in the United States has more than tripled in the past decade, while the amount of Americans that can afford private health insurance has dropped and the number of people relying on Medicaid and Medicare has increased with the aging baby boomer generation. Medicaid and Medicare being two of the governments most used medical insurances, the spending in health care has grown faster than the economy can bear. The Medicare physician reimbursement system provides a kind of “public good” for other insurance programs; that is, it offers a universally understood and practiced standard fee schedule that insurance companies can adopt or easily modify by changing the dollar conversion factor separating certain categories. Medicaid, BlueCross, and commercial insurance contracts that cover the 87 percent of the population under age 65 often base their payments on a modified form of the Medicare RBRVS or use Medicare payment levels as a benchmark (Getzen & Moore, 2007). Spending for health care uses a greater part of the economies revenue: the national studies that have been done in the past decade depict that many citizens of the United States will have to make increasingly more disconcerting decisions in daily life and ability to obtain and afford adequate health care insurance for themselves and their families. While...
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...Quality Management Case Study Mike Baker OSCM440-F1WW-W14 John Rice March 1, 2014 Can improving health care quality result in a way that is beneficial to both the patients and the investors? This will create a way for lower costs to patients and higher returns to investors without sacrificing the quality care expected and deserved. VARIABLES Wellness programs Staying in the hospital longer Lack of communication between all the people involved Reduction in medical errors Healthcare improvements ALTERNATIVES Higher premiums for companies Shorter stays or no stays in hospitals Good communication between patients and doctors Improvements in healthcare may be optional Using technology to keep track of patient care When looking at the first alternative which is higher premiums for companies, it makes sense for companies to offer wellness...
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...AGRESI DAN ALTRUISME A. Pengertian Agresi Aksi-aksi kekerasan dapat terjadi di mana saja, seperti di jalan-jalan, di sekolah, bahkan di kompleks-kompleks perumahan. Aksi tersebut dapat berupa kekerasan verbal (mencaci maki) maupun kekerasan fisik (memukul, meninju, dll). Pada kalangan remaja aksi yang biasa dikenal sebagai tawuran pelajar/masal merupakan hal yang sudah terlalu sering kita saksikan, bahkan cenderung dianggap biasa. Hal yang terjadi pada saat tawuran sebenarnya adalah perilaku agresi dari seorang individu atau kelompok. Agresi itu sendiri menurut Murray (dalam Hall & Lindzey, Psikologi kepribadian, 1993) didefinisikan sebagai suatu cara untuk melawan dengan sangat kuat, berkelahi, melukai, menyerang, membunuh,atau menghukum orang lain. Atau secara singkatnya agresi adalah tindakan yang dimaksudkan untuk melukai orang lain atau merusak milik orang lain. Agresi merupakan perilaku yang dimaksudkan menyakiti orang lain, baik secara fisik maupun psikis (Baron & Byrne, 1994; Brehm & Kassin, 1993; Brigham, 1991). Dalam hal ini, jika menyakiti orang lain karena unsur ketidaksengajaan, maka perilaku tersebut bukan dikategorikan perilaku agresi. Rasa sakit akibat tindakan medis misalnya, walaupun sengaja dilakukan bukan termasuk agresi. Sebaliknya, niat menyakiti orang lain tetapi tidak berhasil, hal ini dapat dikatakan sebagai perilaku agresi. Pengertian agresi merujuk pada perilaku yang dimaksudkan untuk membuat objeknya mengalami bahaya atau kesakitan. Juga agresi adalah...
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...Whistleblowing at Westfield Textile Manufacturing Internal Stakeholders The internal stakeholders are the Westfield Textile Manufacturing employees who rely on their jobs to support themselves and their family. David Davidoff, the CFO, is also a stakeholder who must consider his reputation and his job during this process. The CEO and the COO are also stakeholders who can potentially put their reputation and jobs at risk dependent on the outcome of the case. The Board Members and Shareholders are stakeholders who depend on the financial gains of the company and the decisions that are made amongst the management at Westfield Textile Manufacturing. External Stakeholders One of the external stakeholders is the citizens of the undeveloped countries which can be harmed by the toxic product. The potential buyer from Good Housekeeping Magazine who may potentially gain from the sale of the toxic product is also a stakeholder. Also the family members of the employees at Westfield Textile may be impacted if the employees lose their jobs. Finally, the disposal company is a stakeholder who may gain or lose money dependent on the outcome of the case. Moral Considerations Selling products that are carcinogenic to a dealer while knowing the potential harm that it can cause is immoral because it is withholding harmful information that would harm innocent babies. It would be acting out of greed while harming others in the process and not acting for the best interest of others...
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...The VARK questionnaire is a predictor of one’s learning style. The term Learning style, refers to the ways in which people take in, process, interpret, filter and apply information. The information gathered from the VARK method, is meant to be a guide only, to help the student excel, and to help the instructor teach more effectively. VARK stands for visual, aural, read/write, kinesthetic, and also recognizes that some learners are multimodal. “Individuals have different learning styles, that is, they differ in their ‘natural, habitual, and preferred way(s) of absorbing, processing, and retaining new information and skills” (Reid 1995: viii). Based on the VARK questionnaire, this author’s learning style is aural. Aural learners prefer hearing and listening. Aural learners report that they learn best in lectures, groups, with music, in web chats, texting and by saying things aloud. Because of these preferences, aural learners to do not take thorough notes. Tape recording a lecture, discussion with peers or the instructor, and using the text to fill in the gaps in the notes increases the ability to learn. With the aural mode, other methods for intake of information include explaining new ideas to others, and recalling overheads, pictures and visual objects that can be repeated to help another learn. Lectures that are exciting, full of stories and jokes, appeal to the aural learning, and recalling these lectures helps retain the information. Aural learners are great...
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...During this week I have learned about different strategies to use in the classroom. This week I learned that I am a visual learner according to the Metts Modality Assessment and visual learners learn through seeing. But on the other hand, I also can be an auditory learner and auditory learner learn through hearing. To learn about my children learning style the best thing I could do is observe what he or she is doing because his or her actions, interests, and preferences will provide me with the information on how they are processing what they are learning. For example, I learned that children learn more and can recall better when they have hand on experience or how Jensen (2005), called “hand on, mind on learning, ” he continues saying that children don't learn by reading instead they learn by doing things by themselves. For that reason is why I always implement hand on experience in my students learning. For example, if I am teaching a lesson on “trucks” I will provide all the materials needed it so my students can manipulate and build their own trucks using their imagination. Some of the materials I will provide to them are play dough, construction paper shapes, and some manipulative toys that they can use to build their trucks. I also try to maintain my students engage the more I can. “Knowledge depends on engagement. Engagement is inseparable from empowerment. Empowerment means the opportunity to contribute. Learning is an act of participation. We are all lifelong learners”...
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...lifestyle products. Just by one call to the customer centre their efficient guiding team will help and assist you about the special offers. Company offers products under special different categories like: Company is extremely proud of the relationships they established with recognized brands across the globe which includes Acacia Home, Acupuncture, Addict, Adidas, Affinitas Intimates, Aftershock, Agent Provocateur, Ajour, Alain Manoukian, Alexander McQueen, Alice By Alice Temperley, Alice Collins, Allegra Hicks, Amber, Ambiance Wall Art, B For Men, Baby London, Baby Phat, Bacou, Baldessarini, Balenciaga, Ballantyne, Bamboo A, Banana Republic, Baracuta, Cacharel, Cake, Caladore, Calico, Calvin Klei, D&G, Daewoo, Dagmar, Daisy de Villeneuve, Davidoff, Eager Beaver, Earl Jean, Ebisu, Ecko, Ed Hardy, Eager Beaver, Earl Jean, Ebisu, Ecko, Ed Hardy, G-Heaven, Gabicci, GallianoIceberg, Ichi, K-Swiss, Kahuna, Kaikoo,...
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...Introduction: Advertising & Gender The adverts are carefully crafted bundles of images, frequently designed to associate the product with feelings of pleasure stemming from fantasies and anxieties (Craig 1997). Advertising can also be defined as a paid for mass-media communication, and a means of managing and controlling the consumer markets at the least cost (Brierley 1995). It is clear that advertisers seem quite willing to manipulate these fantasies and exploit our gender identities to sell products. Gender is a social construct, a dichotomy that exists in all societies (Costa, 1994). It is used to describe the socially constructed differences between men and women, referring not only to individual identity and personality, but also at the symbolic level, to cultural ideals and stereotypes of masculinity and femininity and, at the structural level, to the sexual division of labour in institutions and organisations (Online Dictionary of the Social Sciences). The definition of gender encompasses a great deal. Temperament, abilities and skills, activities and behaviours, ideal types and accepted and unacceptable deviations from the ideal, sensuality and culture based essence of what it means to be male or female, are all part of the gender constructs of a given society. Therefore, marketers perform their activities differently when their targets are male than they do when the targets are female, and consumers’ responses often differ on the basis of gender. Sales...
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...Christopher Dorasami The World Health Organization predicts that deaths due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) will increase around the globe from 17 million in 2008 to 25 million in 2030, (WHO,2012). CVDs are defined as all diseases of the circulatory system, including those of congenital origin, (AHA, 2010). Due to their high prevalence, CVDs impose a high social and financial burden on individuals, families and healthcare systems around the world. Surgical procedures like coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), balloon angioplasty, and valve repair and replacement are integral to the treatment of CVD, (WHO, 2013). Although these surgical procedures often improve survival rates, decrease symptoms and increase an individual’s functional ability (ACC/AHA 2004), surgery is not curative and individuals with chronic CVD remain at increased risk for coronary events(Foody et al. 2003, Hawks et al 2006). In addition to acute -operative care, these individuals must develop the knowledge and skills for self-management (Capewell S, 2008 & Vachenauer R. 2008). It is therefore important to encourage or enlist these patients in a health promotion programme post-surgery. The main aspects I would focus on include a behavioural change and an educational programme. Patient education programme The first aspect to be discussed with these patients will be based on: The concepts of atherosclerosis and its risk factors The reason for this is to help the patient understand...
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...Tobacco is one of the world’s largest consumer goods industries despite pressuring environmental forces that try to diminish its market share. It has a long withstanding global history as a profitable business model rooted on a leisure activity. The use of tobacco first started to spread in the late 15th century after a crewman aboard the Christopher Columbus voyage noticed Cuban natives igniting and inhaling smoke from dried tobacco leaves. News returned to Spain, spreading the smoking experience, which lead to the production of the world’s first cigar. By the 1600’s the use of Tobacco reached much of Europe, Asia, Africa and North America. Although paper cigarettes were developed around the same time as cigars, the first push for factory production came in 1881 with the issuance of a patent for a cigarette rolling machine that could produce 120,000 units daily. By 1944, there were roughly 300 billion cigarettes produced annually.[i] However, the industry would take a turn in 1964 when the Surgeon General of the United States reported the dangers and health risks of cigarette smoking. The tobacco industry has been combating consumer health awareness, governmental restrictions and taxes, and anti-smoking lobbying despite increased profitability ever since its introduction to the global market. Estimates place the current industry revenue at $465BN and gross profit at $280.3BN for 2010. After taxes the estimated net profit will account for approximately 8.5% of...
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