...KOROTOKA-HILL FORT NATAVULOA-RING DITCH FORT Definitions Fortifications (noun) - the act of building military defenses to protect a place against attack Sedimentary (noun) - material deposited by water, wind, or glaciers Subsistence (noun) - a source or means of obtaining the necessities of life Alluvial (adjective) - made up of or found in the materials that are left by the water of rivers, floods, etc. Shifting cultivation (noun) - a land-use system, in which a tract of land is cultivated until its fertility diminishes, when it is abandoned until this is restored naturally Terrace (noun) - a piece of sloped plane that has been cut into a series of successively receding flat surfaces or platforms, which resemble steps, for the purposes of more effective farming Fortified Sites in Fiji Early visitors to Fiji focused a great deal of attention on the predominance of warfare and the presence of fortifications. Fortifications in Fiji consisted of ring-ditch forts in the sedimentary costal flatlands, as well as ditch and bank fortified sites on the hill slopes and ridges. Oral tradition stipulates the main source for details regarding the basis of warfare and fortifications in Fiji. Most of these trace their origin to around the sixteenth century. A migration of a population from the west of the archipelago carried with them more advanced subsistence skills such as building fortified villages. According to the Fijian researcher Palmer, who conducted field investigations...
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...CHAPTER 6 URBAN OPERATIONS This chapter describes techniques, procedures and special considerations that are used by platoons and squads throughout the planning and execution of operations in a urban area. Section I. OFFENSE While operating in urban areas, the major offensive collective tasks at platoon and squad level are attacking and clearing buildings. This involves isolating the objective, suppressing the threat, advancing the assault element, assaulting the building, clearing the building, and consolidating and reorganizing the force. Regardless of the type of urban area or the structural characteristics, there are six interrelated requirements for attacking a defended building: • Isolation of the building or objective. • Supporting fires. • Tactical movement • Breaching. • Assaulting. • Reorganization. Proper application and integration of these requirements can reduce casualties and hasten accomplishment of the mission. The platoon leader, when developing the plan for an attack on an urban objective, must consider the type of building to be assaulted, the rules of engagement (ROE), and the nature of the surrounding urban area. These considerations will determine the method of execution. For example, medium-size towns have numerous open spaces, and larger cities have high-rise apartments and industrial and transportation areas that are separated by parking areas or parks. Increased fire support is required to suppress...
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...Courtney T. Powers E562X732 Accounting 610-Special Entities & Complex Issues Spring 2015 Assignment: Not For Profit Balance Sheet Analysis – Rainbows United, Inc. Date: May 6, 2015 Rainbows United was founded in 1972 as a center for children with severe mental and physical disabilities to receive special education that was not available in the public school system. Since their establishment Rainbows has continually been on the forefront of providing adequate services to special needs children and their families. Shortly after Rainbows was founded the legislation adopted a new law requiring that public schools provide a curriculum to all students regardless of their disabilities. As a reaction to the new legislation and preventive measure to ensure their services would still be utilized, Rainbows started focusing on services they could provide to younger children prior to their entry into the public school system. With Rainbows already a step ahead, in the early 1990’s the legislator started requiring special education services to be available to children as young as the age of 3. As the mandated age requirement grew smaller over the years, Rainbows took the lead and assumed the responsibility of providing services to Sedgwick and Butler counties. They now offer services to children birth to 21 years of age. The leadership demonstrated by their progressive thinking is proof of their mission statement...
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...Accounting ratios are a good way to evaluate the business' financial results and performances by comparing the business against different standards by using the ratio figures in the balance sheet. Accounting ratios can offer accurate business performance. The four main methods of ratio analysis are liquidity, solvency, efficiency and probability. Liquidity ratios includes three types of ratios. The three main liquidity ratios are current ratios, acid-test ratios, and defensive interval. Current ratios are the business' current assets divided by its current liabilities. This ratio can help the business assess wether you have enough assets to cover your liabilities. Acid-test ratios are the business' current assets minus stock, and divided by its liabilities. This measures the liability of the business to pay its current liabilities when its due with only quick assets. Defensive interval are liquid assets divided by the business' daily expenses. The allows the business to measure how long your business could survive without cash inflow. (Approximately 30-90 days). Solvency ratios are used to divide loans and bank overdraft by equity, bank overdraft, and long-term loans. The higher the ratio, the more vulnerable the business is to increasing rates. (Most companies will refuse to continue the business when the gearing exceeds 50%). Efficiency ratios include three types of ratios which include, Debtor's turnover, Creditor's turnover and Stock turnover. Debtor's turnover is the company's...
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...liquidity crisis in the market, policy changes by central bank, a name problem of the bank etc. So, a bank’s balance sheet should have enough liquid assets for meeting contingencies. Here, I can introduce with the theoretical development of asset liability management from the different aspects of The City Bank Limited. Then I can show their policy and statements regarding to the managing their assets liabilities and then I have shown their liquidity analysis through the external analysis to assess their recent market condition. The whole analysis part is undergone from 2004 to 2008. In this analysis part I have analyzed different ratio related to liquidity management so that liquidity position of CBL can easily be assessed. Then I have shown the maturity model from 2004 to 2008. In this analysis CBL’s weighted average assets and liabilities are compared. Here we can see that except 2004 the bank’s assets’ weighted average maturity always higher than its weighted average liabilities’ maturity. Then I also analyze the ratio related to assets’ quality of CBL. Then I have performed the statistical analysis. In this part I have shown trend analysis on loans & advances, deposit and net liquidity gap. Then I compare with those factors. Here I have found that from 2006 the bank increasing its other assets like investment, fixed assets etc. This means the bank grows rapidly. But such...
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...1. COMPANY BACKGROUND SMRT Corporation Ltd ("SMRT") is incorporated on 6 March 2000 and listed on the Singapore Exchange since 26 July 2000. It is the second largest multi-modal public transport service provider in Singapore, offering a range of integrated transport services, as well as the leasing of commercial and advertising spaces, engineering consultancy and project management services. SMRT operates two out of the three MRT lines in Singapore (81.7% of the whole network) as well as the Bukit Panjang LRT system (27.1% of the rail length). The company’s bus and taxi operations form a marginal part of the transport systems at an estimate of 26.5% and 12.3% respectively, based on fleet size. In October 2008, public transport fare was increased by a net 0.7%. Transfer rebates were increased by 10 cents while all adult and senior citizen fares were increased by 4.0 cents per ride. However, with the recent shrinking of the Singapore economy, SMRT decided to roll out a fare reduction package from April 2009. The package will include a 4.6% reduction in bus and train fares and higher transfer rebates. 2. ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRY 2.1 Intensity of Rivalry among existing Competitors The public transport industry in Singapore is a duopoly industry, with SBS Transit being the only competitor in SMRT’s core operations, which is MRT and buses. Even so, SMRT’s operations are more focused on the MRT segment (53.96% of total revenue) while the major...
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...goals and objectives of the company. Financial performance evaluation is a major function of the finance officer who assists the company to discover the points that needs improvement to increase the company`s competence and productivity. The scope of this analysis extends to the observation of the extent of evaluation results to assist in improving the performance in more efficient manner. Financial Management This is the organizing, planning, controlling, and directing the financial activities such as utilization and procurement of the funds and finances of the enterprise. It implies the general management principles to locate the financial resources of the company. It involves making of investment decisions in current assets...
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...are in the same industry. It would be appropriate to compare HSBC ratios with other the ratios of other banks but not for example a construction company. Liquidity ratios These ratios should be used on a daily basis by management to monitor performance and manage cash flow risks. There are three types of liquidity ratio: * Current ratio - current assets divided by current liabilities. This assesses whether you have sufficient assets to cover your liabilities. A ratio of two for example shows you have twice as many current assets as current liabilities. * Quick or acid-test ratio - current assets (excluding inventory) divided by current liabilities. A ratio of one shows liquidity levels are high - an indication of solid financial health. * Defensive interval - liquid assets divided by daily operating expenses. This measures how long your business could survive without cash coming in. This should be between 30 and 90 days. A ratio that is specific to banks and therefore HSBC is the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) The Liquidity coverage ratio is designed to ensure that financial institutions have the necessary assets on hand to ride out short-term liquidity disruptions. Banks are required to hold an amount of highly-liquid...
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...P7 Illustrate the financial state of your selected organisationusing financial ratio analysis. Ratio- this is a result of one number or quantity divided by another. Ratios are the simplest mathematical (statistical) tools that reveal significant relationships hidden in mass of data, and allow meaningful comparisons. Some ratios are expressed as fractions or decimals, and some as percentages. Major types of business ratios include Efficiency, Liquidity, Profitability, and Solvency ratios. Ratios | Formulae | Description of each Ratio | 2012RatiosCalculations | 2013RatiosCalculations | Comment if figures show: Worse? Better? Much the same? | Gross profit Percentage | Gross Profit x 100 Sales | Gross profit ratio (GP ratio) is a profitability ratio that shows the relationship between gross profit and total net sales revenue. | 250/700x100=35.7% | 200/800x100=25% | The figures show that the gross profit percentage margin has decreased by nearly 10%. This might be because the business is paying more for the cars or they are selling the cars for a lower price which results in less revenue. | Net profit Percentage | Net Profit x 100 Sales | The net profit percentage is the ratio of after-tax profits to net sales. | 120/700x100=17.14% | 60/800x100=7.5% | Net profit percentage has decreased by around 10% as well. reasons for it decreasing could be that they were selling the cars for a lower price or the value of their inventory might have been decreased due to an economic slowdown...
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...Chapter 1 Introduction to Business Combinations and the Conceptual Framework Multiple Choice 1. Stock given as consideration for a business combination is valued at a. fair market value 2. Which of the following situations best describes a business combination to be accounted for as a statutory merger? b. Only one of the combining companies survives and the other loses its separate identity. 3. A firm can use which method of financing for an acquisition structured as either an asset or stock acquisition? a. Cash b. Issuing Debt c. Issuing Stock d. All of the above 4. The objectives of FASB 141R (Business Combinations) and FASB 160 (NonControlling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements) are as follows: a. to improve the relevance, comparibility, and transparency of financial information related to business combinations. b. to eliminate the amortization of Goodwill. a and b only 5. A business combination in which the boards of directors of the potential combining companies negotiate mutually agreeable terms is a(n) a. agreeable combination. b. friendly combination. c. hostile combination. d. unfriendly combination. 6. A merger between a supplier and a customer is a(n) a. friendly combination. b. horizontal combination. c. unfriendly combination. d. vertical combination. 7. When a business acquisition is financed using debt, the interest payments are tax deductible and create ...
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...Income tax benefits. 3. The primary legal constraint on business combinations is that of possible antitrust suits. The United States government is opposed to the concentration of economic power that may result from business combinations and has enacted two federal statutes, the Sherman Act and the Clayton Act to deal with antitrust problems. 4. (1) A horizontal combination involves companies within the same industry that have previously been competitors. (2) Vertical combinations involve a company and its suppliers and/or customers. (3) Conglomerate combinations involve companies in unrelated industries having little production or market similarities. 5. A statutory merger results when one company acquires all of the net assets of one or more other...
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...The process by which bank lends money to households. b. The process by which bank accept deposits from customers c. The process by which a bank borrows money from one source to give it to another individual or company that needs funding, investment or resources d. The process by which a bank trades in securities market 2. What is the core banking services? a. Collecting deposits; making loans; arranging payments b. Collecting deposits; making loans; financing infrastructure projects c. Making loans; arranging payments d. Collecting deposits;; arranging payments 3. What is money creation? a. The process by which a bank transforms the assets of depositors into a new asset with very different characteristics b. The process by which additional assets are created through effectively loaning a deposit multiple times through fractional reserve banking. c. The process by which a bank lends to Central Bank. d. The process by which a bank borrows from Central Bank. 4. What is the moral hazard? a. Moral hazard arises whenever, as a result of entering into a contract, the incentives of the two parties change, such that the riskiness of the contract is altered. b. Moral hazard arises whenever, as a result of entering into a contract, the incentives of the two parties do not change c. Moral hazard arises whenever, as the average quality of a pool of borrowers decreases as the lender increases the interest rate...
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...HISTORY The Performing Arts Center of Los Angeles County or Music Center is one of the largest performing arts centers in the United States. In 1955, Dorothy Buffum Chandler was named by the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors to build a permanent home for the Los Angeles Philharmonic. Dorothy raised $18.7 million in private donations and the country provided the site and $14 million. The construction of the original complex lasted for five years from 1962 to 1967. The original complex was comprised of three venues: Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Mark Taper Forum, and Ahmanson Theatre. In 2003, the Music Center added the Walt Disney Concert Hall to there list of venues. Other venues that are part of the Music Center include: outdoor theaters, plazas, and gardens. The Music Center campus covers 12 acres in downtown Los Angeles. The largest venue is the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, which seats approximately 3,200 audiences. Followed by the Walt Disney Concert Hall, Ahmanson Theatre, and Mark Taper Forum. According to the organization’s Form 990, their mission is to be “A leader at the cultural heart of Los Angeles County, the Performing Arts Center of Los Angeles County brings to life one of the world’s premier arts destinations by creating opportunities for arts participation, enabling compelling programming and providing first class facilities and services.” The audited financial statements and Form 990 will be used to analyze the financial health and position of the Performing...
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...BKN’s current and past financial performance through the use of ratio analysis, including DuPont analysis, on its liquidity, solvency, operational activity, profitability, and cash flows. Specific attention will be focused on the analysis of BKN’s fixed assets, leases and pension and its impact on the performance. The report will conclude by identifying current expectations on future performance based upon on the aforementioned analysis of its current and past performance. All reported figures in the following analysis are stated in $’000. Liquidity Analysis BKN’s liquidity position improved overall from 2010 to 2011 and then subsequently weakened in 2012. There is a favourable change in Current, Quick, Cash, Current assets to total assets and Defensive interval ratios are 42.32%, 77.70%, 112.84%, 24.32% and 99.52% respectively from 2010 to 2011. However, the liquidity position deteriorated in 2012, as evidenced by an unfavourable percentage change of 13.40%, 35.85%, 42.88%, 14.19% and 19.68% respectively for the above ratios. The primary reason for improvement in liquidity in 2011 compared to 2010 is the incremental increase in Cash and cash equivalents ($88,911 or 139.87%), Receivable ($116,140 or 81.59%) in current assets and the reduction of borrowing ($9,023 or 37.51%) in current liabilities. These unfavourable changes in liquidity measures from 2011 to 2012 are mainly due to the 33.18% and 14.54% decrease in BKN’s cash & cash equivalents and receivables respectively...
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...to be satisfied. Many leave quickly; others just complain and talk about how much better the company used to be. ABC was the organization reviewed in my OCI paper. ABC’s highest style rating was conventional and their second highest style was approval. Most employees feel the need to conform, to not get involved in any disagreements, and to have superficial relationships with their co-workers so that everyone likes them and so that they can get promoted. ABC’s weakest style was humanistic or encouraging. Training, helping, and coaching other co-workers are infrequent because the focus is on everyone getting their own stuff done and letting other co-workers figure it out on their own. In summary, ABC needs to reduce their passive-defensive styles and increase their constructive...
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