...Joan Didion: What is Home? In Joan Didion’s essay “On Going Home” she writes about leading a double life. She feels like one person when she’s with her husband and daughter in Los Angeles, and a completely different person when back “home” surrounded by her childhood family in the Central Valley of California. During this particular trip, she begins to reflect on her life in Los Angeles. Didion contemplates the fact that she often feels uneasy around her husband, just like he feels uneasy being around her family. At a crossroad, she must decide not only who she is, and the life she wants, but also the kind of life she wants for her daughter. Her life in Los Angeles has cleansed her from her youth—one that was dusty and full of useless trinkets. She ponders the time her husband wrote the word “D-U-S-T” on those useless trinkets and she remembers her feelings of sadness and indignation. She says, “We live in dusty houses…filled with mementos quite without value to him” (139-40). The dust-covered trinkets signify what is important to her, or what needs to be addressed in her marriage. Yet, these objects just lay there waiting for someone to see them—for someone to dust them off and care for them—not unlike how Didion wishes her husband would see her and nurture her in their marriage. Didion wonders which of her two homes is normal or if they are both flawed. When she and her husband are with her family, he becomes apprehensive about her behavior, “…because once there I fall...
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...human? Humans have existed on earth for an estimated 6 million years. Not only did humans start off with the same conditions, actions, behaviours as any other species on earth, they also evolved by imitating some animals throughout their existence. Yet, 6 million years later humans are more civilized, sensible, and mentally advanced than any other species on earth. This shows that humans are apart from anything else that god has put forth on earth. People may ask, what makes us human? What are things that we have done or can do, that have got us to this point? Many Anthropologists have been thinking of answers to this question and have come up with a number of conclusions, but the 3 most defining characteristics human possess are bipedalism, communication through different forms of language, and lastly human’s ability of realization of belonging. Firstly, bipedalism is a natural trait humans have acquired which allows them to walk on two rear limbs in a vertical posture, with frontal limbs free. Importantly, bipedalism is a trait that has immensely contributed in advancing humans’ abilities and has allowed them to accomplish both simple and complicated tasks, furthermore advancing their repertoire compared to other mammals. It is estimated that humans in general started to become bipedal around 3.6 million years ago. Humans’ first try to attempt standing on their own two legs is in their late infancy stages (7-12 months). The act of bipedalism is crucial to a human’s development...
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...Monster in Plath’s “Mirror”: The woman becomes a narrating reflector of herself as mirror and of whatever passes before it. She becomes the writer who writes of the mirror in which she perceives herself and of the mirror she is (pg 156). Plath develops the character of the mirror, and the woman this mirror observes, through the personification of the mirror. Plath’s Mirror, maneuvers through figurative language, free verse form, personification, and metaphor. The primary language of Mirror is figurative. Figurative language is defined by Clugston (2010) as “the use of words in ways they are not normally used in order to create a distinct imaginative effect or impression” (10.3). “I am silver and exact. I have no preconceptions” (Plath, 1963). Generally, it is not logically accepted that a mirror would have a voice. As written in William Freedman’s, Sylvia Plath’s, “Mirror of Mirrors”(1987), “Language may not say what the speaker means (though only other language can determine or do that)” (pg. 59). What Freedman proclaims is that only figurative or metaphoric language can...
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...COURSE SCHEDULE LANGUAGE AND CULTURE LIN 100/ANT 100-003 COURSE SCHEDULE – SPRING 2014 PROFESSOR SHARON AVNI Date/ lesson | Topic | Read/Watch | Assignment(s) due | 1 1/28 | Introduction Course overview | * Intro: * What is language What do we want to know about language? | | 2 1/31 | What is language? What do we know about language and society? | * Yule, Chapter 1 * Language truths http://rosinalippi.com/portfolio/docs/EWA-Intro.pdf | Study questions – Yule, Chapter 1 | 3 2/4 | Animal communication and human language | * Yule, Chapter 2 | Yule chapter 2 study questions | 4 2/7 | Human language | * Corballis, “From Hand to Mouth” (located in course materials) | Class discussion questions | 4 2/11 | Phonetics Phonology | * Language and Linguistics (located in course material) * Yule, Chapter 3 | Yule study questions -- Chapter 3 | 5 2/14 | Phonetics Phonology | * Yule, Chapter 4 * Esling, “Everyone has an accent but me” http://lrc.ohio.edu/lrcmedia/Streaming/lingCALL/ling270/myth20.pdf | Study questions – Yule, Chapter 4 | 6 2/18 | Morphology Grammar | * Yule, Chapter 6 & 7 * http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_y8aLt4kLcI | Yule Chapter 6 & 7 | 7 2/21 | Word formation | * Yule, Chapter 5 * http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ca0xFvMfcqo&feature=related | Classroom questions | 8 2/25 | Semantics | * Yule, Chapter 9 * Hooten, “Fighting...
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...However, the role is not limited one person, we are not only senders, but also receivers. When we say something and try to make our thoughts and expressions understood by others, we are senders of the message, but when we are the listeners and try to get it, we are receivers. But can we convey messages? We use languages. Language is a tool which we can use to convey messages, and it is language that forms different styles of culture. Language is a kind of magic code, we weave the code by the medium of language, which tells you how to decode it, and the receiver use the same principle to translate the code into messages. Form the program of communication, we can reach the point easily that it is language that forms the difference between communications. Then you may ask, now I believe that language affects the way of decoding when conveying messages, but how can you clarify culture affects the way we communicate? Well, I have to say that it is impossible to separate our use of language from our culture. In its most basic sense, language is a set of symbols and the rules for combining those symbols that are used and understood by a large community of people. Language and its cultural...
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...Most people go about their daily lives without giving much thought to their actions or the language they use. Instead, people go about their lives in a sort of automatic manner. Since most people usually don?t think about the language that they use, it is easy to understand why most of us are unaware of the pervasiveness of conceptual metaphors. As Lakoff and Johnson (1980) explain, ?or conceptual system is not something that we are normally aware of? and ?most of our ordinary conceptual system is metaphorical in nature? (p. 454). Conceptual metaphors are powerful because they impact the way that we think about things, how we experience life, and how we conduct our daily lives. According to Lakoff and Johnson (1980), (m)etaphor is pervasive...
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...Walker August 8, 2012 INTRODUCTION This paper will examine the cognitive processes of attention, language, and problem solving. This paper will explain the purpose of each cognitive processes. This paper will also summarize and evaluate the studies of these cognitive processes and also the research methodology that they focus on. Cognitive processes are very important for human behavior. It is about the knowledge and the way people use his or her knowledge. Cognitive processes affect individuals in everyday life, often occurring within fractions of a second. EXPLAIN THE PURPOSE OF EACH COGNITIVE PROCESS Language is used to communicate feelings, thoughts, and ideas effectively. The use of language begins at a very young age, some would agree before birth. Language is spoken in a mixture of techniques from oral, to sign language to body language. In language there is a collection of terms, which is related to a particular topic, and the collection of terms is identified as a lexicon. Language and lexicon mutually combined because of the recollection of vocabulary or verbal communication, which transmits to cognitive psychology because the occurrence of lexical judgments in processing vocabulary in the cognitive mind. The main aspects of verbal communication are communicative, uninformed, controlled, generative, and self-motivated. The communicative part of language is the speech between two individuals. The uniformed part is the relationship between verbal communication...
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...Three test sets were employed in the experiments. One is the test set described in section [???], the “TEST 3”. The other two are test sets with “in-domain” content on the completely same speech utterances, but with slightly different transcriptions. The difference is that in the first - “TEST 1”, numerical values are represented as digits, while in the second one - “TEST 2” the they are represented as words. This was done to see the influence of the general purpose models where the digits are seldom represented in the language model and the corresponding dictionary. The “in-domain” speech (TEST 1 and 2) was recorded by 20 different speakers (13 male and 7 female) among them 2 non-native German speakers. The experiments were divided into following categories where new LMs are produced: Adaptation of the general purpose language models (“freespeech” and “sdewac”) with the transcriptions of the TEST2 “in-domain”...
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...Chapter I PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction The age we live in may be defined as the communication age. Effective communication is considered one of the most important skills that individuals should have. Receptive and expressive language abilities constitute a significant aspect of effective communications in terms of language skills. One of the expressive language elements is speaking skill. Speaking is the most common and important means of providing communication among human beings. The key to successful communication is speaking nicely, efficiently and articulately, as well as using effective voice projection. Furthermore, speaking is linked to success in life, as it occupies an important position both individually and socially. As is the case with many basic skills, one of the important periods to improve speaking skill is, incontrovertibly, during primary education. Speaking skills acquired and developed during primary education are significant with regard to both acquisition and permanence. Therefore, it is essential that efficient and effective teaching methods are employed in order to improve speaking skills during primary education. In our view, a favourable technique in aiding primary school students to acquire and develop oral skills is the use of creative and educational drama activities. No matter where this technique is applied, creative drama may be considered a method of learning –a tool for self-expression, as well as art. Background of the...
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...This page intentionally left blank The Study of Language This best-selling textbook provides an engaging and user-friendly introduction to the study of language. Assuming no prior knowledge of the subject, Yule presents information in short, bite-sized sections, introducing the major concepts in language study – from how children learn language to why men and women speak differently, through all the key elements of language. This fourth edition has been revised and updated with twenty new sections, covering new accounts of language origins, the key properties of language, text messaging, kinship terms and more than twenty new word etymologies. To increase student engagement with the text, Yule has also included more than fifty new tasks, including thirty involving data analysis, enabling students to apply what they have learned. The online study guide offers students further resources when working on the tasks, while encouraging lively and proactive learning. This is the most fundamental and easy-to-use introduction to the study of language. George Yule has taught Linguistics at the Universities of Edinburgh, Hawai’i, Louisiana State and Minnesota. He is the author of a number of books, including Discourse Analysis (with Gillian Brown, 1983) and Pragmatics (1996). “A genuinely introductory linguistics text, well suited for undergraduates who have little prior experience thinking descriptively about language. Yule’s crisp and thought-provoking presentation of key issues works...
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...In Other Words This book addresses the need for a systematic approach to the training of translators and provides an explicit syllabus which reflects some of the main intricacies involved in rendering a text from one language into another. It explores the relevance of some of the key areas of modern linguistic theory and illustrates how an understanding of these key areas can guide and inform at least some of the decisions that translators have to make. It draws on insights from current research in such areas as lexical studies, text linguistics and pragmatics to maintain a constant link between language, translation, and the social and cultural environment in which both language and translation operate. In Other Words examines various areas of language, ranging from the meaning of single words and expressions to grammatical categories and cultural contexts. Firmly grounded in modern linguistic theory, the book starts at a simple level and grows in complexity by widening its focus gradually. The author explains with clarity and precision the concepts and theoretical positions explored within each chapter and relates these to authentic examples of translated texts in a variety of languages, although a knowledge of English is all that is required to understand the examples presented. Each chapter ends with a series of practical exercises which provide the translator with an opportunity to test the relevance of the issues discussed. This combination of theoretical discussion and...
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...Visual Basic is the first programming language with an exemplary number of variable naming rules. The msdn.microsoft.com article explains the rules well. To start a word you must use a letter of the alphabet as the first character. You cannot use a space, nor a period, nor an exclamation mark, or the special characters of @ (at), & (and), $ (dollar sign), # (pound key) in the name. The name cannot surpass 255 characters in total length either. Names have to be precisely identified if the variable name is the same as an already existing one. You cannot repeat names in the same scope without the name being a different variable type. Lastly, while Visual Basic is not case-sensitive, it keeps the capitalization in the statement where the name is defined. Python is the next programming language where it gives you slightly more freedom for a variable name. A name must begin with a letter, lowercase or uppercase or an underscore. Python is case sensitive as well, consistency is important for read-ability. The variable name can be any “reasonable” length according to w3resource.com. Lastly, there are some reserved words Python uses for other things, which yourself cannot use. Java is the last of the three programming languages and no surprising exception to the naming rules. Names are case-sensitive, while you can begin a variable name with the $ sign or _ symbol, it is highly discouraged. The docs.oracle.com documentation of Java variable names tells the reader to always change...
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...IMPORTANT This electronic version of The Century Vocabulary Builder (1922) has been prepared by Serenson Pty Ltd for www.write-better-english.com. This PDF follows the pagination of the original (hard copy) book and includes hypertext links that we have inserted, which look like this. Please do not remove links. Reformatting the original text into this PDF has been no easy task; it is possible that the process has introduced errors or caused omissions. As a result, we make no guarantee about the accuracy or completeness of this version of the Vocabulary Builder. If you find an error or omission in this PDF, please check the original book and contact us so that we can fix the error or omission. Please check your local copyright laws before accessing this PDF. If you are serious about building your vocabulary, we highly recommend you try the popular vocabularybuilding program called Ultimate Vocabulary Want the ultimate vocabulary builder? Click www.write-better-english com/ultimate-vocabulary.aspx THE CENTURY VOCABULARY BUILDER BY GARLAND GREEVER AND JOSEPH M. BACHELOR NEW YORK THE CENTURY CO. Want the ultimate vocabulary builder? Click www.write-better-english com/ultimate-vocabulary.aspx PREFACE You should know at the outset what this book does not attempt to do. It does not, save to the extent that its own special purpose requires, concern itself with the many and intricate problems of grammar, rhetoric, spelling, punctuation, and the like; or clarify...
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...Visual Programming MCQ For BCS 8. 1. The visual language includes ___________ for representing visual sentences a. Visual language b. Icons c. Both a & b d. None of these 2. GUI stands for a. b. c. d. Graphics user interaction Graphical user interface Graphics usual interface None of these 4. 3. The icons are the_______ image of an object a. Physical b. Logical c. Both a & b d. None of these Operation icons are also known as a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. Program icons Process icons Visual icons None of these Visual programming Visual language Multidimensional language None of these Visual programming Visual language Multidimensional language None of these Visual programming Visual language Multidimensional language None of these Visual programming Visual language Multidimensional language None of these 5. It refers to computing with visual objects such as images which are inherently visual because of their key representation are called 6. It refers to an idea that communication occurs through visual symbols, as opposed to verbal symbols or words are called 7. It refers to programming by visual methods 8. It refers to an language that consists of generalized icons and operators 9. It refers to an symbols that are used to denote operations and are usually context-dependent a. b. c. d. Visual programming Operation icons Multidimensional language None of these 9. ___________are operators that involve spatial...
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...Throughout centuries, many languages have been disappearing due to political and social impacts. Many schools do not have the funding to be able to teach a certain language and many people choose not to speak their native or cultural language as well. There are many different languages that have gone extinct due to these issues and impacts. Navajo and Gaelic are considered endangered languages due to these political and social issues. Some of the political issues are the lack of funding from the government to the schools and the lack of experience from teachers who are not able to speak and teach the language. Some of the social issues are that as generations evolve, many choose not to speak their native language, due to the evolution of the...
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