...One would assume that each person will have a unique method as to how they are engaging in self-deception, thereby creating multiple methods, however, there are only two different routes to this deception; intention and motivation (Nelkin, 2002). Those who follow the intentionalist view argue that an intention to deceive oneself is necessary, whereas those who follow the motivationalist view argue that a desire is all that is needed to be deceived (Nelkin, 2002). For example, a student attempting to convince himself that he does not need to study for a final, because he attended all the classes and read all the chapters, is falling under the intentionalist view. This student knows deep down that in order to do well he will need to study, however, he has the intention to convince himself not to study therefore categorizing him as an intentionalist. An example of the motivationalist view is as follows; a woman is in a bad relationship and wants to believe that her partner will change. This woman knows that her partner will not change, however, she continues to work on their relationship, in hopes of change, which shows a desire to deceive herself into viewing only the positive aspects of this relationship....
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...As previously mentioned, the point of this essay is to bring together multiple topics, under the umbrella of self-deception, in an attempt to construct a plausible understanding of this subject. Through the use of three subtopics – motivations, forms, and advantages/disadvantages – readers are able to grasp the concept of self-deception with clarity. Within the subtopic of motivation, I explain that there are two forms of motivation toward how and why people will engage in self-deception; there must be an intent and a desire to deceive oneself and more often than not this is done through combination rather than as separate processes. I also outlined the unique observation, brought forth by Nelkin (2002), that argues the possibility of bias...
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...Research in Nursing Susan K. Grove, PhD, RN, ANP-BC, GNP-BC Date CRITICAL APPRAISAL # 1 2 Critical Appraisal # 1 Theoretical Framework a. The study framework was clearly identified as Bandura‟s (1986) Self-Efficacy Theory, which is a substantive theory (Burns & Grove, 2009). b. The discussion of the framework is limited with the linking of the concept of self-efficacy to the independent variable of the nurse-coached IMT. No model of the framework is provided. The major study concepts include: situational demands, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, enactive attainment, performance accomplishment, and enhanced selfefficacy. Variable Identification and Definitions Independent variable: Home-based nurse coached IMT Intervention Conceptual definition: “Bandura‟s Self-Efficacy Theory guided the intervention for the experimental group (IMT)… Vicarious experiences for the IMT group were accomplished by observing the demonstration of the tack of using the Threshold Device, thus „modeling‟ the instruction and demonstration provided by the RA. Performance accomplishment was achieved by „mastering‟ the technique of inspiring into the device with a nose clip in place… thus providing tangible evidence of progress” (Padula et al., 2009, p. 21). Operational definition: “The Threshold Device (Healthscan) was used for resistive IMT breathing training… Training consisted of demonstration by the RAs, with return demonstration at baseline followed by a week of device use…” The study...
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...Bandura‟s (1986) Self-Efficacy Theory, which is a substantive theory (Burns & Grove, 2009). b. The discussion of the framework is limited with the linking of the concept of self-efficacy to the independent variable of the nurse-coached IMT. No model of the framework is provided. The major study concepts include: situational demands, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, enactive attainment, performance accomplishment, and enhanced self-efficacy. Variable Identification and Definitions Independent variable: Home-based nurse coached IMT Intervention Conceptual definition: “Bandura‟s Self-Efficacy Theory guided the intervention for the experimental group (IMT)… Vicarious experiences for the IMT group were accomplished by observing the demonstration of the tack of using the Threshold Device, thus „modeling‟ the instruction and demonstration provided by the RA. Performance accomplishment was achieved by „mastering‟ the technique of inspiring into the device with a nose clip in place… thus providing tangible evidence of progress” (Padula et al., 2009, p. 21). Operational definition: “The Threshold Device (Healthscan) was used for resistive IMT breathing training… Training consisted of demonstration by the RAs, with return demonstration at baseline followed by a week of device use…” The study intervention was detailed in Padula et al. (2009, p. 20) CRITICAL APPRAISAL # 1 2 Dependent Variables: Inspiratory muscle strength (IMS). Conceptual definition: Not conceptual...
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... health, nursing and environment. Orem’s general theory of nursing consists of three parts. Each theory is presented as a set of assumptions and propositions. According to Current Nursing (2012) (i) Theory of self- care includes: self- care means individuals perform activities on their own to maintain life, health, and well-being. Self- care Agency is a human ability to engaging in self-care conditioned by age developmental state, life experience, sociocultural orientation health, and available resources. Therapeutic self-care demand is,” totally of self-care action to be performed for some period of time by using valid method, sets of operation and action to meet self- care demands”(para.4). Self-care requisite includes three catagories: Universal self-care, developmental self-care, and health deviation self-care requisites. (ii) Theory of self-care deficit clarifies that when nursing is in need and five helping methods: Acting for and doing for others, guiding others, supporting another, providing an environment for personal development in order to meet future demands, and teaching another.(iii)Theory of nursing system describes how patient’s self-care needs will be meet by the nurse and patient. Orem identifies three classifications of nursing system to meet the self-care necessities of the patient are wholly compensatory system, partly compensatory system, and supportive- educative system (Current Nursing, 2012). Theorist’s Historical background: Dorothea Orem was born...
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...Basic concepts in nursing science School of Nursing Medical University March, 2005 Introduction 1. Definition of nursing science 2. Four basic concepts that affect and determine the nursing practice (1) Human being (2) Environment (3) Health (4) Nursing Human being 1. The human being is a uniform whole （entirety） (1) Concept of a whole (2) The uniform whole of human being 1) Physiological 2) Psychological 3) Social 4) Spiritual 5) Cultural 3. The human being is an open system (open whole) (1) Close system (2) Open system 4. The scope of human being in nursing (1) Individual (2) Family (3) Community (4) Society Basic goal of human being: To maintain the balance of organism 1) Balance among subsystems of an organism 2) Balance between organism and its environment (internal environment and external environment) 2. Basic need of human being (1) Definition of basic need 1) Need 2) Basic need of human being (2) Types of basic need 1) Physiological need 2) Social need 3) Affective need 4) Cognitive need 5) Spiritual need (3) Characteristics of basic need 1) Approximately same basic need 2) The importance of each need for each person is different 3) All the basic needs are interconnected and interactive (4) Factors that affect meeting needs ...
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...Below are key definitions (terms) & concepts from the assigned readings and lecture slides. You should be familiar with them for Exam 1. The key definitions / concepts are not intended to be an all inclusive list of what will be on the exam. I also included the pages of the chapters that will be covered on the exam. I will not ask questions from chapter pages that do not fall in the ranges listed below. I will not ask questions from the “Skills & Best Practices” & “Hands On Exercises” sections in the OB textbook. I will not ask questions from the “HR How To”, “eHRM”, “Did You Know”, “Best Practices” & “HR Oops” sections of the HR textbook. Make sure you download the post-lecture slides from Carmen On page 4 of this study guide I have provided some example questions. Remember the likely sources of exam material: • Material Found in Book & Slides (found both places) – MOST LIKELY • Material Found Only In Slides (I have placed an ASTERISK on slides with non-book content that is exam material) • Material Found Only In Book (e.g. definitions, frameworks,…) Strategy & Strategic OB: K&K Chapter 1: Definitions (key terms): contingency approach, human capital, management, organizational behavior, social capital, Theory Y, total quality management Reading: p.5-16 (just the top of 16) Key concepts Human Relations Movement Theory X, Theory Y Total Quality Management Deming’s 85-15 Rule Contingency Approach Human Capital Social Capital Congruence...
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...ch2 Student: ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. Planning, implementation, and control are basic jobs of all managers. True False 2. The three basic jobs in the marketing management process are planning, implementation, and control. True False 3. Strategic planning is a top management job that includes planning only for marketing areas. True False 4. Strategic planning is the managerial process of developing and maintaining a match between an organization's resources and its market opportunities. True False 5. Finding attractive opportunities and developing profitable marketing strategies are the tasks included in the marketing manager's marketing strategy planning job. True False 6. A marketing strategy is composed of two interrelated parts--a target market and a marketing mix. True False 7. A marketing strategy is composed of two interrelated parts--planning and implementation. True False 8. The two parts of a marketing strategy are an attractive opportunity and a target market. True False 9. Mass marketing means focusing on some specific customers, as opposed to assuming that everyone is the same and will want whatever the firm offers. True False 10. The terms mass marketing and mass marketers mean the same thing. True False 11. Potential customers are all alike. True False 12. "Mass marketers" like Target usually try to aim at clearly defined target markets. True False 13. The "four Ps" of the marketing mix...
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...teens with images and trends of all sorts. An important characteristic of every teenager’s maturation is her self-definition. Self-definition can be defined as the way you see yourself. For teens, that image is influenced to a large extent by personal choices, which are, in turn, influenced by the images and associations teens glean from pop culture on a daily basis. Although researchers disagree on exactly the extent of these influences – for example, not every teenager that listens to gangster rap self-defines as a gangster – researchers agree that pop culture has some impact on teenagers’ self-definition. Pop culture can provide benchmarks with which teenagers pin their self-definition. In this way, they see themselves take characteristics from the various celebrities and stimuli they see in pop culture. Lastly, self-definition can be intrinsically tied into self-esteem and confidence, two critical components of a healthy disposition throughout maturation and into adulthood. Most if not all pop culture icons extend their visibility beyond culture and into brands, which they sell via advertisements or products carrying their name. Teenagers who see, for example, Jay-Z wearing his Rocawear label may then be influenced to wear that label. Beyond fostering a certain degree of commercialism, these brands have associations in and of themselves that tie into self-definition or social groups within a teenager’s life. Often, celebrity brands tie into an acceptance level among teenagers...
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...Symbolic Interactionism Home Social Sciences and the Law Sociology and Social Reform Sociology: General Terms and Concepts International Encyclopedia... A Dictionary of Sociology International Encyclopedia... Further reading TOOLS Symbolic Interactionism International Encyclopedia of Marriage and Family | 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 The Gale Group Inc. Symbolic Interactionism Symbolic interactionism is a sociological perspective on self and society based on the ideas of George H. Mead (1934), Charles H. Cooley (1902), W. I. Thomas (1931), and other pragmatists associated, primarily, with the University of Chicago in the early twentieth century. The central theme of symbolic interactionism is that human life is lived in the symbolic domain. Symbols are culturally derived social objects having shared meanings that are created and maintained in social interaction. Through language and communication, symbols provide the means by which reality is constructed. Reality is primarily a social product, and all that is humanly consequential—self, mind, society, culture—emerges from and is dependent on symbolic interactions for its existence. Even the physical environment is relevant to human conduct mainly as it is interpreted through symbolic systems. Importance of Meanings The label symbolic interactionism was coined by Herbert Blumer (1969), one of Mead's students. Blumer, who did much to shape this perspective, specified its three basic premises: (1) Humans act toward things...
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...Liz Tracy TESC July 2013 PSY-211-OL010 Developmental Psych Module 7 Written Assignment 4 Question 1: Describe the sequence of biological changes in males and females during puberty. (Chapter 14) Whether you are talking about a male or a female, puberty is a confusing, challenging and sometimes frightening time in a young person’s life. Physical body changes, raging hormones, and mood swings make for a recipe for adolescent hysteria. Combine all that with acne and it’s a wonder why parents don’t go running for the hills. I have a son and a daughter. My son went through puberty later than his peers due to his birthdate. He is a summer baby, so he is six to twelve months younger than some of his peers. To my surprise, he did take notice when some of the other boys were maturing and getting that oddly placed facial hair. But, he really didn’t seem to care too much about it. Now, every one is caught up and it makes no difference. My daughter is a different story. She is going to be a sophomore in high school and so much revolves around the bra size! Perfect hair, perfect make-up, perfect teeth and a perfect body. The mood swings, slamming doors and interest in boys are a stark contrast to what my son went through. It’s amazing that all teenage girls don’t wind up in some form of a therapeutic class devoted solely to the time of puberty. I will say that both of my children are very comfortable talking to my husband and me about various pubescent topics. I love that our kids...
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...Customer Relationship Management Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following is not one of the three phases in the evolution of CRM? A) Reporting B) Analyzing C) Processing D) Predicting Answer: C Level: Easy Page: 263 Response: Processing is not one of the three phases in the evolution of CRM. 2. What helps an organization identify its customers across applications? A) Reporting B) Analyzing C) Processing D) Predicting Answer: A Level: Easy Page: 263 Response: Reporting helps an organization identify its customers across applications. 3. What is an organization performing when it asks questions such as "why was customer revenue so high"? A) Reporting B) Analyzing C) Processing D) Predicting Answer: B Level: Easy Page: 264 Response: Why was customer revenue so high is analyzing. 4. What is an organization performing when it asks questions such as "which customers are at risk of leaving"? A) Reporting B) Analyzing C) Processing D) Predicting Answer: D Level: Easy Page: 264 Response: Which customers are at risk of leaving is predicting. 5. Which question below represents a reporting example? A) Why did sales not meet forecasts? B) What customers are at risk of leaving? C) What is the total revenue by customer? D) All of the above Answer: C Level: Medium Page: 264 Response: Total revenue by customer is a report. 6. Which...
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...Take Home Essay Questions 1. Early in the article, Noonan states that “Before an age of some many months, the fetus is not viable, that is, it cannot be removed from the mother’s womb and live apart from her. To that extent , the life of fetus is absolutely dependent on the life of the mother. This dependence is made the basis of denying recognition to its humanity.” (Noonan 353). That is to say, Noonan is using the definition “viable” to argue that because fetuses depend on the mother, it follows that the dependence between fetus and mother protects the fetus's right to be human. The authors argument is from definition since his conclusion, stems from the definition of the word viable. Based on this information, it can be said that Noonan’s argument is deductive since, an argument from definition, is one of the forms of a deductive argument. Noonan’s argument is valid...
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...To define abnormality there is three approaches these include ‘failure to function adequately’ ‘deviation from social norms’ and ‘deviation from mental health. All three of these definitions are all subjective, therefore by having only subjective definitions no experiments to find direct cause and effect can not be found as you can only do this by having facts. Deviation from social norms shows how implicit and explicit rules effect whom is abnormal. Anyone who breaks either set of rules is therefore abnormal. Implicit rules are rules that or not illegal but are looked down upon by society such as public affection. Explicit rules are the opposite as they are illegal which can therefore end in imprisonment. Actions such as rape and murder are explicit. This definition does acknowledge the concept of cultural relativism (culture bound syndromes). However can not have a universal definition as it varies from culture to culture. Although Kraepelin ‘23 has found that disorders such as depression are worldwide disorders as it is the symptoms and effects are the same from culture to culture. The definition suggests that if a certain behaviour from a person is socially acceptable from their society than it is not abnormal. Therefore no society is ‘bad’ even if they appear that way to someone or another culture. An example of this is the japanese ‘Kamikazes’ As the culture was acceptant of their behaviour it was not abnormal although it may have seemed to other cultures. This approach...
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...Outline and evaluate definitions of abnormality The first definition of abnormality is deviation from the social norm. This means that the person is not conforming to the expected and accepted patterns of behaviour in society. There are two types of social norms which can be broken by ‘not normal’ patterns of behaviour, Implicit and Explicit. Implicit rules are those which are implied, for example using cutlery to eat a roast dinner. Whilst there is no law stating that this must be done, it would be deemed unusual by other members of society. The other rule, explicit, refers to stated rules, for example the law. One example of an individual breaking an explicit rule would be committing Murder. There are however several issues with using deviation from social norm to determine abnormality. The first being cultural relativism, meaning social norms vary between cultures. For example in many African-American tribes, hearing the voices of the recently deceased is seen as a blessing. In the west, it is diagnosed as schizophrenia. Further to this, the definition does not allow for eccentric behaviour, which does not necessarily mean a person is mentally ill, ie. A rugby streaker may not be abnormal, but may just seek attention. A final drawback to this approach is that it does not define the difference between a criminal and a person with a mental health issue. A burglar, for example, may simply have a criminal mind but not be abnormal. The second definition of abnormality is the...
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