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Department of the Air Force

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Running head: Department of the Air Force

Department of the Air Force

Tara Padua

LSTD300 Administrative Law and Policy

American Military University

Professor Andria Kerney

Department of the Air Force

How the Department of the Air Force Operates under the Department of Defense

The U.S. Department of Defense is the largest employer in the world, employing approximately 3.2 million people on active duty, in the reserves, and in the civilian sector.1 The Department of Defense, an independent agency, operates under the jurisdiction of the federal Government. There are three departments within the Department of Defense: the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy and the Department of the Air Force.2 The Department of the Air Force was formed on September 18, 1947 under the National Security Act of 1947. It included several different agencies and units within the United States Air Force which are broken down to the lowest division to ensure a proper chain of command exists. Prior to the National Security Act, the “Air Force” as it is known today, was then known as the Army Air Corp. The purpose of the Department is to provide homeland security and the protection of American interest abroad via the armed forces, acting on the command of the President, U.S. Congress, and the Secretary of Defense.
The National Security Act of 1947 became law on 26 July 1947. The lawmakers stated their intentions in a declaration of Policy at the beginning to the act: To provide a comprehensive program for the future security of the United States; to provide three military departments: the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force; to provide for their coordination and unified direction under civilian control and to provide or the effective strategic direction and operation of the armed forces under unified control.3

Department of the Air Force
The National Security Act created the civilian positions of the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of the Air Force, which are only appointed by the President. The functions assigned to the Commanding General, Army Air Forces, were to be transferred to the Department of the Air Force.4 The act provided for the orderly transfer of these functions as well as the property personnel, and records. The United States Air Force was established within the Department of the Air Force. The Army Air Forces, the Army Air Corp and the Air Force Combat Command would be transferred to the Air Force, and the agencies themselves would cease to exist.5 Under the Secretary of the Air Force, the Chief of Staff, was to command the new service.
The Department of the Air Force is one of the three Military Departments within the Department of Defense of the United States of America.6 The Department of the Air Force is run by the Secretary of the Air Force, who is a civilian and has the authority to conduct all of its business, subject to the authority, direction and control of the Secretary of Defense.7 The Under Secretary of the Air Force is the primary assistant to the Secretary of the Air Force. Their senior staff assistants in the Office of the Secretary of the Air Force are four Assistant Secretaries for Acquisition, Financial Management and Comptroller, Installations, Environment and Logistics, Manpower and Reserve Affairs and a General Counsel.8 The Chief of Staff is the highest-ranking military officer in the department of the Air Force and is the senior uniformed adviser to the Secretary who represent the Air Force to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, heads the Air Staff and is assisted by the Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force.9 The structure of the United States Air Force has many different units and organizational hierarchy, which starts with the most senior commands and flows downward to the lowest hierarch in the chain. The top of this chain starts with the senior headquarters of the Department of the Air
Department of the Air Force
Force, which consists of two staffs in the Pentagon: the Office of the Secretary of the Air Force and the Air Staff. These departments are headed by the United States Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force. From here the organizational structure of the Air Force is down to the most basic unit in the organization. A Direct Reporting Unit is an agency of the United States Department of the Air Force that is outside normal standard organizational hierarchy by being exclusively under the control of Air Force Headquarters, rather than reporting through a Major Command. A Direct Reporting Unit reports directly to the Chief of Staff of the Air Force or to a designated representative on the Air Staff.10 A Direct Reporting Unit has a specialized and restricted mission, meaning that it is a single purpose unit, usually to the exclusion of other duties, reporting to Air Force Air Staff alone.11 It is separate and independent from any organization structure or supervision, major command, numbered air force, operational command, division, wing, group, squadron or field operating agency.12 It is a Direct Reporting Unit because the unit’s specific and focused duties, legal issues that necessitate the unit’s independence, or other factors such as national security concerns.13 The Air Force has a very limited number of Direct Reporting Units such as: the Air Force District of Washington, Air Force Operational test and Evaluation Center and the United States Air Force Academy.14 The Field Operating Agency is a subdivision of the Air Force, which answers to a headquarters United States Air Force Functional Manager.15 A Field Operating Agency performs field activities beyond the scope of any of the major commands.16 The activities are specialized or associated with an Air Force mission, and do not include functions performed in management headquarters, unless specifically directed by a Department of Defense authority.17 A few examples of a Field Operating Agency are the Air Force Office of Special Investigations, the Air Force Personnel Center, Air Force Legal Operations Agency and the
Department of the Air Force
Air Force Medical Operations Agency. A major subdivision of the Air Force, the Major Command, or MAJCOM reports to Headquarters United States Air Force or the Air Staff. MAJCOM headquarters are management headquarters for a major segment of the Air Force and thus have full range of functional staff. Some of the current Major Commands are: Air Combat Command, Air Education and Training Command, Air Force Material Command and the newest Command, the Global Strike Command.18 The Numbered Air Force is a tactical unit which reports directly under an operational Major Command which provided operational leadership and supervision. Numbered Air Forces are structured to perform an operational or warfighting mission, often oriented to a specific geographic region.19 A Numbered Air Force is assigned to operational units, such as wings, groups, and squadrons. For example, the Tenth Air Force is part of the Air Force Reserve Command and directs the activities of 14,000 reservists and 950 civilians located at 30 different military installations.20 The Fourteenth Air Force is assigned to the Air Force Space Command and is responsible for the organization, training, equipping, command and control and employment of Air Forces space forces to support operational plans and missions for United States combatant commanders and their subordinate components and is the Air Force Component to United States Strategic Command for space operations.21 Wings have a distinct mission with a specific responsibility and report to the Numbered Air Force or Headquarters United States Air Force. Wings are made up of one or more groups,

Department of the Air Force consisting of several squadrons, and usually commanded by a Colonel, but high visibility wings can have Brigadier Generals in command.22 Wings now have both operations and support activities, Maintenance Groups or Mission Support Groups, and fall into one of three major types: Operational Wing, Air Base Wing and specialized Mission Wing. There are currently over 120 Wings within the Air Force.23 In the 1990’s there was a reorganization changing the basic command structure from the “Wing Commander/Base Commander” to one Wing Commander who had multiple groups under that command and was typically rank of Colonel.24 There are two types of groups: Dependent groups, such as operations, logistics, support, medical, or large functional unit or Independent groups, such as a group with wing-like functions and responsibilities whose mission and size does not warrant wing-level designation.25 A squadron is considered the lowest and most basic unit in the United States Air Force. Squadrons are usually made up of several flights, typically four, a few hundred people, and eight to twenty four aircraft.26 A squadron is usually led someone in the rank of Captain to Lieutenant Colonel. A flight is the smallest official capacity in the Air Force and usually ranges from a dozen people to over a hundred, or typically four aircraft.27 The typical flight commander is the rank of captain with the flight non-commissioned officer in charge who is usually in the rank of Master Sergeant. Although not officially recognized, an Element is well known to be the smallest unit in the Air Force.28 Typically, a flight is broken up into three to four evenly distributed elements. The typical element leader is in the rank of Technical Sergeant.29

Department of the Air Force The United States Air Force also has reserve units and auxiliaries. The Air National Guard, often referred to as the Air Guard, is the organized by each of the fifty states, the commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the territories of Guam and the Virgin Islands and the District of Columbia of the United States.29 Established under Title 10 and Title 32 of the United States Code, the Air National Guard is part of a state’s National Guard and is divided up into units stationed in each of the fifty states and U.S. territories and operated under their respective state governor or territorial government.30 The Air National Guard may be called up for active duty by the state governors or commanding generals to help respond to disasters, such as those caused by hurricanes, floods and earthquakes. The largest activation of the Air National Guard was September 11th 2009. Another component of the Air Force is the United States Air Force Reserve. Stateside based reserve units are assigned to the Air Force Reserve Command.31 This assignment manages relationships within the Air Force chain-of-command. Title 10 states that the Secretary of the Air Force, with the advice and assistance of the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, shall establish an Air Force Reserve command.32 Title 10 further states that the Air Force Reserve command shall be operated as a separate command of the Air Force. The Chief of Staff of the Air Force Reserve is the Commander of the Air Force Reserve Command.33 The commander of the Air Force Reserve answers directly to the Chief of Staff of the Air Force. Additionally, the Secretary of the Air Force assigns the Air Force Reserve Command for all forces of the Air Force Reserve stationed in the continental United States other than forces assigned to the unified combatant command for special operations forces established in accordance with title 10.34 Except as

Department of the Air Force otherwise specified, the Secretary of Defense in the case of forces assigned to carry out functions of the Secretary of the Air Force specified in title 10, shall assign to the combatant commands all such forces assigned to the Air Force Reserve Command.35 Finally, there is the Civil Air Patrol which is congressionally chartered, federally supported, non-profit, that operates as the official auxiliary of the United States Air Force. It performs three congressionally assigned key missions: emergency services, which includes search and rescue and disaster relief operations; aerospace education for youth and the general public; and cadet programs for teenage youth.36 In addition, the Civil Air Patrol has been tasked with homeland security and courier service missions. Civil Air Patrol also performs non-auxiliary missions for various governmental and private agencies, such as local law enforcement and the American Red Cross. The Civil Air Patrol is sponsored by the United States Air Force however, it is not an operating reserve component under the Air Force or the federal government.37 The Department of Defense Act of 1958 modified the chain of command, moving most of the decision away from the Military Departments and into the hands of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Secretary of Defense.38 The Air Force is one of many organizations that are outcome oriented. The goal of the Air Force is to complete successful mission with the least amount of problems or loss of life as possible. To accomplish the Air Force goals, a chain of command is a must. In addition, the organization relies on teamwork to achieve success. The organizational culture depends on things such as stability, aggressiveness, and the paying attention of detail. Without the foundation of an extremely well organized chain of command, the organization would fail. Works Cited:
1 Alexander, R. (2012, Mar 12). Which is the world’s biggest employer. Retrieved from http://www.vvc.co.uk/news/magazine (last accessed 15 Sep 14)

2 Ibid

3 National Security Act 1947, US Air Force Fact Sheet
Retrieved from http://www.afhsoaf.mil/topics/factsheets

4 Ibid

5 Ibid

6 Airman Magazine: Personnel Facts and Figures
Retrieved from http://www.arimanonline.af.mil/shared/media/document
(last accessed 17 Sep 14)

7 Ibid

8 Ibid

9 Ibid

10 Air Force Historical Research Agency: Direct Reporting Units.
Retrieved from http://www.maxwell.af.mil/au/afhra/rso/dru.html
(last accessed 20 Sep 14)

11 Ibid

12 Ibid

13 Ibid

14 DRU Factsheet. Retrieved from http://www.afhra.af.mil/information/factsheets
(last accessed 20 Sep 14)

15 HQ USAF/A1MO Manpower and Organization
Retrieved from http://www.af.mil/shared/media/epubs (last accessed 20 Sep 14)

16 Ibid

17 Ibid

18 Ibid

19 Ibid

20 Ibid

21 This is the Fourteenth Air Force. Mitchell Air Force Base, New York: Office of Information Services, Continental Air Command, 1957

22 HQ USAF/A1MO Manpower and Organization
Retrieved from http://www.af.mil/shared/media/epubs (last accessed 20 Sep 14)

23 Ibid

24 Ibid

25 Ibid

26 Ibid

27 Ibid

28 Ibid

29 Ibid

30 Ibid

31 Ibid

32 Ibid

33 Ibid

34 Ibid

35 Ibid

36 Civil Air Patrol – USAF. Retrieved from http://www.af.mil/information/factsheets (last access 20 Sep 14)

37 Ibid

38 Polmar, N. (2005). The naval institute guide to the ships and aircraft of the US fleet
Naval institute press. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books (last accessed 17 Sep 14).

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