...REPORT ON COURT ROOM OBSERVATION. This report is based on my observations carried out in two Courts in England and Wales precisely in Manchester. The report is in two parts, one on civil jurisdiction and the other one on criminal jurisdiction. This visit has afforded me the opportunity of witnessing “law in action” different from “law in books”. I have also been able to compare both the civil and criminal process and proceedings. The two courts I visited are both in Manchester. The Crown court I visited is situated in an old building commissioned years ago whereas the magistrate court is situated in an ultra modern building commissioned not too long ago. I have read books and journals enumerating the differences between the judges and magistrates. This court room observation has given me he on the sport assessment of the differences between the two courts and many other questions that I will be addressing in the course of this report… As we were advised, my first visit to the courts (Magistrate and Crown Courts) was to find out about the time and the cases. I discovered that youth cases and family are not opened to the public and at this point, I was able to decide on the dates to attend the courts and the types of cases to observe. “The Magistrates’ courts are purely the courts of first instance”. The Magistrates in England and Wales are lay men without the knowledge of law and they are also referred to as “Justices of the Peace” but they are assisted by a Justice’ clerk...
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...Bond Hearings and a Plea Entrance; A Day’s Observation in the Circuit Court. Political Science 210 December 2, 2010 Political Science 210 December 2, 2010 Bond Hearings and a Plea Entrance; A Day’s Observation in the Circuit Court. On November 24, 2010, I was given the opportunity to observe a session of the Fairfax County Circuit Court. While observing the session I was able to view five bond hearings and one plea entrance, which allowed for a partial understanding of the typical daily court docket. Because many cases are settled outside of court, the daily proceedings within the courtroom are often shorter and without much argument. Fairfax County Virginia is located in the northeastern portion of Virginia nearby the District of Columbia. The county is the largest by population in the state, and also the densest county at 1,037,605 people within the county’s 407 square miles. Home to several intelligence agencies, and half of the metropolitan area’s Fortune 500 companies, Fairfax county has one of the highest median incomes in the country for a county of its size, second only to neighboring Loudoun County. The county was the first in the nation to reach a six figure median income and is known as one of the most populous areas in the Greater Washington Metropolitan Areas. The Fairfax County Circuit court, located in Fairfax City, is used to serve the residents of both the county and the city itself. The court is in the 19th Judicial...
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...communication is done face to face since it is body language you must be able to see the person to see what kind of body language they put out, and their facial expressions when speaking. Nonverbal communication can say a lot about a person when they speak. They have a particular tone of their voice, do they look angry, happy. This is where both verbal and nonverbal communication come together you're your face to face or at least visible you can hear the speaker and also see the tone in their voice by body language. The facial expressions, the pitch of their voice, you can tell whether they are happy, sad, angry, in control, confident, you can understand many things through nonverbal communication. Differences Between Listening and Hearing in Communication Is a person really listening to you when he...
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...Homeless Court Programs The Issue: People experiencing homelessness often receive citations for public nuisance offenses and then fail to appear in court. Homeless defendants fail to appear in traditional courts, not because of a disregard for the court system, but due to their status and condition. For many homeless people, their day is consumed with a search for food, clothing and shelter. Most homeless persons are not in a position to fight the procedural or substantive issues a case presents. The homeless are aware that the court also requires a decent appearance. Not wanting to make a bad first impression, a homeless person with poor hygiene or without a place to store belongings may choose not to appear in court at all. Many homeless people are reluctant to attend court given the uncertainty of court proceedings and the threat of custody. Unresolved legal issues can ultimately preclude homeless people from accessing desperately needed services such as employment, housing, public assistance and treatment programs. The Solution: Homeless courts are special court sessions for homeless defendants to resolve outstanding misdemeanor offenses and warrants. Several jurisdictions in California have instituted Homeless Court Programs, including Contra Costa County, Alameda County, and Santa Clara County. San Diego County began the first homeless court program in the country in 1989. Homeless court programs reduce court and jail costs, build community collaboration, improve access...
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...used in less than 1% of criminal cases. In the Crown court, the jury decides whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty. They do not decide the type of sentence as that is the role of the judge. In order to make their decision they listen to the evidence and the summing up by the judge. They will decide questions of fact, whereas the judge will advise them on questions of law. At the end the end of the trial they retire to a jury room to discuss the case in secret. It is preferred of the jury to make a unanimous decision if possible, however a majority decision can also be accepted in circumstances only of 11:1 and 10:2. Although when the jury is of 9 members, the decision must be unanimous. The jury does not need to justify their decision when the foreman announces their decision in the court room. Magistrates’ Court tries 97% of all criminal cases from the start to finish, whereas the other 3% are dealt at a preliminary level with Early Administrative Hearings (remand hearings, bail applications and committal proceedings). The magistrates deal with all summary matters, including debts owed to utilities, non payments of council tax, non payments of TV licences ect... When dealing with these matters, they are instructed not only to decide whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty but the sentencing too. Furthermore, they also deal with the pre trial admin of ‘plea before venue,’ and ‘mode of trial’ hearings in respect of triable either way matters. If they accept...
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...CCJ12 Court Report: 1. Which court did you attend and what was the date of your attendance? I attended Sydney Downing Centre Local Court in New South Wales on Friday. 2. What kind of hearing did you attend? (e.g. sentence, summary trial, committal hearing, jury trial, mention, call-over etc) I attended a sentence hearing for the matter R vs Williamson. His Honour Judge D Frearson SC presided. The defendant had pleaded guilty prior to this hearing on 15th October 2013. 3. What were the charges against the defendant? Were these summary or indictable offences? How did you know this? Williamson entered a guilty plea to four major charges related to cheating and defrauding Health Services Union (HSU), creating false documents with the intention to deceive, and the recruiting of others to hinder a police investigation. Of these four charges, Williamson was charged with two counts of Director Cheat and Defraud which, which according to s.176A of the NSW Crimes Act 1900 No 40 carries a maximum penalty of ten years, one count of Officer Publish False Statement which carries a maximum of seven years according to s.192H of the Act, and two counts of Recruiting Another to Assist in Carrying out a Criminal Act s351A(1) of the Act. There were four forms of this count each carrying a maximum penalty of seven years per form. In Australian common law jurisdictions (New South Wales, South Australia and Victoria) an indictable offence is an offence that is tried on...
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...offences * Threats to kill * Violent Disorder What is public’s perception of crime? There has been research on public knowledge which has found that the public knows little about crime of the criminal justice system including crime related statistics such as crime rates, recidivism rates, and average sentences. It can be said that there is a tendency for the public to overestimate the scale of youth crime however this is also true for crime generally and members of the public have little familiarity with specific laws or with their legal rights. Although some research shows that most people favour the imposition of harsher sentences on convicted offenders, more refined research reveals that the public is not more corrective than the courts. How does fear of crime affect the public? The fear of crime affects many people throughout the UK and can be influenced by many factors. There has been research which has shown that fear of crime has a harmful effect on many people and can lead to increasing...
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...In an unprecedented case involving the rights of an intersexual prison inmate, a Denver federal appeals court found that even though Wyoming officials could have done a better job of safely confining Miki Ann DiMarco, the state did not violate her rights by holding her in Spartan solitary confinement. DiMarco was sent to state prison for a probation violation on a non-violent conviction. DiMarco was sentenced to confinement at the Wyoming Women's Center after her probation on check fraud charges was revoked due to lack of verifiable identification and positive drug tests. She had been held in the Laramie County jail for over a month in the women's section without incident, but on arrival at the state women's prison, a complete medical exam...
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...jury selection, evidence and jury instructions. Please provide examples in your outline of your recommended format for presenting the process. •A 1-page draft of how to present the processing requirements and the mandated pretrial measures required by law While many citizens think the real action in the criminal courts happens during trials, they are wrong in that assessment. Ninety percent of criminal cases are disposed of by guilty pleas rather than trials. Most of those guilty pleas are the result of agreements between prosecutors and defense attorneys. Plea bargaining is a process in which a prosecutor makes a concession to a defendant (for example, reducing charges or recommending a lighter sentence) in exchange for the defendant's pleading guilty. Even cases that go to trial are sometimes decided before the trial begins. Some experts think that the O.J. Simpson case, for example, was won outside the courtroom through early forensic work by experts and through a legal strategy that forced the prosecution to present its evidence at a preliminary hearing rather than a grand jury proceeding. In the landmark case Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), the U.S. Supreme Court held that the Sixth Amendment guarantees access to qualified counsel, which is fundamental to a fair trial. Gideon was entitled to a retrial because Florida failed to provide him with an attorney. After this decision, states were...
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...The security goals as well as challenges of criminal justice paper University of Phoenix The security goals as well as challenges of criminal justice paper In this paper, it will discuss the criminal justice, security challenges, and objectives. Like the various goals local, state, and federal, the challenges they are dealing with and their roles. The goal of probation, parole, also correctional organization the privatization of government services, for the purpose of private and corporate security. Differing goals and objective The purpose the local, state, and federal police forces, vary on the challenges that they can do. They all have the goal to secure and serve society. However, independently, each section of the different agencies like local, state, as well as federal take care of their branches, they assigned to do their duties for the government. Like, for instance, police, branches that the federal intention, which deal with watching to see if custom guidelines followed. Also making sure that the immigration law being enforce, and securing the borders of the United States. The law enforcement branch state their purpose is with investigations; they deal with the emergency repose that out of local police department's control jurisdiction; also they deal with patrolling the highways. While police are local, their intent is to address the response to metropolitan, local, also district (go law enforcement, 2015)...
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...District Court Reporter Torrey W. Aiken Park University Abstract I interviewed Linda Duvall. She is a Court Reporter for Hardin County District Court in Elizabethtown, Kentucky. During our interview we discussed what her job entailed in the past, present, and what she expects in the future of the current court system. We also go in-depth on the types of sentences, and the most popular crimes that are tried at court in Hardin County. “You can't handle the truth!” Introduction I could have interviewed a judge or an attorney, but I wanted to see the perspective from someone that is often over-looked in the courtroom. My interview with Linda Duvall covered her job responsibilities, the present court system, and what she thinks the future brings. We also discussed the changes in the types of most common crimes over the years and the process for sentencing offenders. Job Description Linda has been a Court Reporter for 14 years at the Hardin County District Court in Elizabethtown, Kentucky. A Court Reporter is responsible for creating an accurate record of all that occurs during a trail, using computer-aided transcription software. Accurate records are very important in the court room, especially the verbal comments made in the courtroom, including testimonies, objections, judge’s rulings, and judge’s instructions to the jury. She also issues the fine tickets after the judge has determined the type of misdemeanor the individual committed...
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...The security goals as well as challenges of criminal justice paper University of Phoenix The security goals as well as challenges of criminal justice paper In this paper, it will discuss the criminal justice, security challenges, and objectives. Like the various goals local, state, and federal, the challenges they are dealing with and their roles. The goal of probation, parole, also correctional organization the privatization of government services, for the purpose of private and corporate security. Differing goals and objective The purpose the local, state, and federal police forces, vary on the challenges that they can do. They all have the goal to secure and serve society. However, independently, each section of the different agencies like local, state, as well as federal take care of their branches, they assigned to do their duties for the government. Like, for instance, police, branches that the federal intention, which deal with watching to see if custom guidelines followed. Also making sure that the immigration law being enforce, and securing the borders of the United States. The law enforcement branch state their purpose is with investigations; they deal with the emergency repose that out of local police department's control jurisdiction; also they deal with patrolling the highways. While police are local, their intent is to address the response to metropolitan, local, also district (go law enforcement, 2015)...
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...Cost, Courses, & More For Colleges With CSI Programs '12 www.CampusExplorer.com/CSI Read more: Role & Duties of a District Attorney | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/list_7774779_role-duties-district-attorney.html#ixzz1tRSozElQ Read more: Assistant District Attorney Job Description | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/about_6678588_assistant-district-attorney-job-description.html#ixzz1tRTlS8rU Read more: Assistant District Attorney Job Description | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/about_6678588_assistant-district-attorney-job-description.html#ixzz1tRTwBvmX * Read more: Assistant District Attorney Job Description | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/about_6678588_assistant-district-attorney-job-description.html#ixzz1tRU8Bc2n Police Investigate Filing of Criminal Complaint After an alleged crime is investigated, the police initiate the criminal procedure by filing a complaint with the Magisterial District Judge (MDJ) in the area that the crime occurred. Once the complaint is filed, the MDJ will issue either a summons or a warrant of arrest, depending generally on the seriousness of the offense alleged. If issued a summons, the defendant will be notified of the date of their preliminary hearing in the summons. Preliminary Arraignment If a warrant of arrest is issued by the MDJ, or if the process was initiated by a warrantless arrest, the defendant must appear before the MDJ for a preliminary arraignment. The defendant will be provided with a copy of the...
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...Admissibility of Polygraph tests, Narco-anlaysis test and Brain-mapping test in reference to Selvi’s case Before answering these questions, it is necessary to examine the evolution and specific uses of the impugned techniques. Hence, a description of each of the test procedures is followed by an overview of their possible uses, both within and outside the criminal justice system. It is also necessary to gauge the limitations of these techniques. Polygraph Examination The origin of polygraph examination have been traced back to the efforts of Lombroso, a criminologist who experimented with a machine that measured blood pressure and pulse to assess the honesty of persons suspected of criminal conduct. His device was called a hydrosphygmograph. The theory behind polygraph tests is that when a subject is lying in response to a question, he/she will produce physiological responses that are different from those that arise in the normal course. During the polygraph examination, several instruments are attached to the subject for measuring and recording the physiological responses. The examiner then reads these results, analyzes them and proceeds to gauge the credibility of the subject's answers. Instruments such as cardiographs, pneumographs, cardio-cuffs and sensitive electrodes are used in the course of polygraph examinations. They measure changes in various aspects such as respiration, blood pressure, blood flow, pulse and galvanic skin resistance. There are three prominent...
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...in immediate investigation followed suit. Over the course of the movie time is ill represented yet all procedures are justly followed to the letter. It is not explained at what point the investigation of the four witness’s took place. As customary in reality when a crime is discovered an APB or all-points bulletin was cast. However, in accordance to chapter 4 of our text both defendants, Billy Gambini played by Ralph Macchio and his friend Stan Rothenstein played by Mitchell Whitfield, were pulled over due to reasonable suspicion. In this case reasonable suspicion was that two males were traveling in the direction given by witness statements in a similar colored, similar body style vehicle. Though both cast members resembled witness’s descriptions they openly admitted being at the scene of the crime after observations was made by the patrolman of groceries in the back seat. Once detained both Mr. Gambini and Rothenstein unknowingly yet comically give authorities clear and...
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