...Chapter One: Introduction and Research Methods * Origins of Psychology: 1. PHILOSOPHY; concepts- 2. PHYSIOLOGY; brain and behavior- 3. WILHELM WUNDT; followed psych as a science- 4. EDWARD TICHENER; structuralism, take bare parts down and study each part-5. WILLIAM JAMES AND STUDENTS; functionalism, didn’t care why someone did something he wanted to know the reason for it—one student G. Stanley Hall was the first PHD in US- 6. SIGMUND FREUD; had theories and ideas of psych analysis- 7. JOHN WATSON; behavioralism...treating people for their illnesses instead of just researching about it- 8. CARL ROGERS; client therapy, unconditional positive regard and concern, connecting with your patients * Contemporary Psych: * Biological perspective- biological reason for why things happen and why you do the things you do. * Psychodynamic perspective- directed towards unconscious motivations. How do you see yourself * Behavioral perspective- human behavior * Humanistic perspective- Carl Rogers, look at everything positive * Cognitive perspective- memories of all kinds * Cross-cultural perspectives- studying the different ways of different cultures. Different rules for different cultures. * Evolutionary perspective- how are behaviors adaptable and functional. Changes as time goes on. * Positive psych- maximizing the patients’ strengths. * The Scientific Method: The Scientific Method • The steps of the scientific method – Formulate a hypothesis...
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...To understand CPS need to understand the risk, and protective influences for child abuse and neglect is significant for developing effective prevention interventions for in danger families. Although CPS caseworker uses a risk assessment instruments to decide if a child is at risk of abuse, it is valuable for the caseworker to have a wide-ranging, overall understanding of the factors that possibly will place children at risk of harm (Australian Institute of Family Studies, 2013). To understand the environment risk, CPS work with the Ecological theory. Ecological theory conceptualizes human behavior and social functioning within an ecological framework. Individual, family and environmental aspects work together with each other to influence...
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...Life Span Perspective Paper SGJ PSY/375 May 28, 2012 Life Span Perspective Paper Lifespan perspective is obtaining the knowledge of changes that occurs during human development. Development begins at the moment conception has started in the mother’s womb to death. According to Smith “The first and obvious element is change - that development involves movement from one state to another. Lifespan is simple the different stages that humans go through as their life develop over the years. The perspective of lifespan is understanding the changes that occurs in the different stages of development. There are five characteristics of development. They are: 1. Multidirectional (changes occur in all and a straight line) 2. Multicultural (cultural differences have an affect even intercontinental) 3. Multicontextual (life is affected by many context including family, history, and environment) 4. Multidisciplinary (scientific disciplines including psychology, biology, and education) 5. Plastic (an individual traits can be altered at any point in development) As I have stated lifespan is from the time of conception to death of a person development and growth. The perspective is in relationship to humans development is a lifelong changing experience. The theories of lifespan development can be viewed in Freud, and Piaget study on the subject. With Freud and Piaget influences of a person life is nature and nurture. A person’s lifespan began as a fetus, which develops...
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...school-violence, bullying seems to be the most prevalent. Although school-bullying may not be the most dangerous form of school-violence, it is still a problem, and I aim to seek what causes this phenomenon. Introduced, within the body of my paper, is a series of research studies and techniques, in which I have proposed to use in order to arrive at a series of logical answers. I start out first with a good perspective, one that many people would ponder when thinking of this epidemic. I then move onto reliable research questions that would satisfy any researcher if he or she were to take this project head-on, as well as anyone interested in the phenomenon of bullying. Necessary sampling is arrived at later in the project to further get data for the study. In the final stages, I then analyze all pieces of data I have collected to be able to come to a satisfactory, conclusive derivative. Table of Contents * Stage One: Perspectives * Stage Two: Research Questions * Stage Three: Sampling Data * Stage Four: Data Analyzation * Closing Remarks * References Perspectives Bullying has been around since the creation of this world, and has evolved into so many shapes and forms throughout the course of time; but what causes this phenomenon? What factors could make someone a bully, and someone a victim? In a study conducted by Doctor Terry Moffit from the Institute of Psychiatry at King’s College in London, research showed kids at a London school when they were five-years-old...
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...that individual (Gerson, 1994). It includes the “stable and enduring patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving” (Gerson, 1994, 2). Character forms by resolving conflicts of drives and tensions, and the pressures to conform and socialize. Psychoanalytic models of personality integrate innate predispositions with the environment and its impact. In these theories, parents act as models for ego, ego-ideal and superego. Introjection and identification are basic processes. The child develops partially based on the parents’ characteristics, and the ways in which conflicts with the parents are resolved. The stages in the child’s life when the interactions with parents take place area also part of the process. Sigmund Freud attached a sexual perspective to the entire human psyche (Gerson, 1994). He defined three components of a person: the id, the ego, and the superego. The conflicts between the three parts often conflicts, creating personality. When the conflicts are not treated, neuroses occur. Each person also has two drives or instincts that are in conflict, life and death. The life instinct is eros, and the death instinct is thanatos (Rana, 1997). Both are parts of the id. Libido is the energy or force for the formation of the id, ego, and superego. Carl Jung developed a personality theory based on what he saw as the undeniable religious nature of humans (Cowgil. 1997). According to Jung, dreams gave great insight into the psyche....
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...AF Psych 210-C06 Case Study 10-06-2014 Children go through many rapid changes within a very short timeframe. Although a child’s brain is about 75 percent developed by the time they reach two years of age, there is still much to be developed. These physical developments that still have yet to happen cause emotional and logical deficits in the child’s brain. In this paper, I will outline the changes a child’s brain goes through, as well as areas of psychological and emotional development. All the changes a child encounters between the years 2 and 6 are reasons the legal system in our country have made it impossible to hold a child criminally responsible. The corpus callosum is a “long thick band of nerve fibers that connects the left and right sides of the brain.” (Berger, 2005, p. 214) Basically, this allows the two hemispheres efficient communication, which in turn, develops coordination in children. The left side of the brain deals with little details from day to day life. The right side of the brain is able to translate that into a big picture. Before the corpus callosum is fully developed, children’s brains are not fully capable of translating these little details into a meaningful, logical understanding. The prefrontal cortex is in the front of the brain, and is the planning, prioritizing, and reflection center of the brain. It helps control emotions and temperament, and guides the way a child processes and reacts to something. Because the prefrontal cortex is...
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...Amanda Diaz PSYCH 635 April 25, 2016 Paul Knoll Week Five team assignment Robert Ressler, FBI profiler shared his personal memories on the 2001 Criminal Profiling Research video. Ressler spoke about how he knew the criminals better than they knew themselves. He read each file and studied all there is to know of each person so that when he interviewed him or her, he knew the right questions to ask. Ressler knew each person’s back ground (childhood upbringing, relationships with family and people in his and her lives, employment history, social behaviors, motives for killings (Films Media Group, 2001). Robert Ressler interviewed a 6ft 9in 300 pound man in prison who killed 11 people including his grandparents, mother, and college female students by psychologically torturing each person then decapitating them (Films Media Group, 2001). The motivation for the killings were clearly unknown other than the fact that he clearly enjoyed torturing and ripping heads off his victims. Mr. Robert Ressler’s profiling skills was put to the test when conducting an interview with the serial killer. The time of the interview proved not to be at Ressler's favor because it happened to be at a time when the guards were serving other prisoners food, and were not available at his time of need. The serial killer realized that the guard was not there to let Ressler out after the interview and decides to psychologically torture him by telling him “how easy it would be for him to rip his head off...
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...University. The Laughlin Foundation made him a resident fellow in 1969. Maslow died of a heart attack on June 8, 1970 (Hall, Lindzey & Campbell, 1998). The interesting thing about Maslow is that he developed his theories as part of the so-called "Third Force" of psychology: humanistic psychology. This was a response to the prevailing schools of thought at the time (Hall, Lindzey & Campbell, 1998). For him, psychoanalysis and behaviorism provided such negative and mechanistic outlooks of the human person, respectively. Something was needed to provide a more holistic perspective of people in order to balance out the other two approaches. Thus, he became the spiritual father of the humanistic psychology movement and contributed his famous Hierarchy of Needs (Schultz & Schultz, 2000). Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs basically argues that people have an innate tendency to self-actualize—that is to move toward developing and realizing their fullest potential as human beings. In order to do this, however, they must first make sure that specific needs are met in a certain order of importance. The more basic and lower ranked needs in the hierarchy (E.g. food, clothing and shelter) must be attended to first before people can think of attending to the higher ranked ones (E.g. safety, love, self-esteem) (Schultz &...
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...Psychological Assessment of Nina Sayer, The Black Swan Lisa Pinkerton PSY-215-Q3847 Southern New Hampshire University CASE STUDY Name: Nina Sayer Date of Evaluation: 02/01/2015 Date of Birth: 01/01/1992 Age: 23 years, 1 month PURPOSE FOR EVALUATION: Nina Sayer is a 23 year old, single, white female. She is the lead ballerina in a prestigious New York Ballet Company. She has been under an intense amount of stress due to the pressures of her job and her demands from her ballet director. She suffers from hallucinations and paranoid delusions. She describes her delusions and hallucinations as bizarre and sometimes violent. She has trouble recognizing what is real and what are her delusions and hallucinations. After struggling to get the role as the white swan in Swan lake, she is extremely paranoid and afraid that someone is trying to take her lead role in the ballet. She focuses this paranoia on a particular ballerina named Lily. She is extremely thin and shows signs of an eating disorder. She uses purging as a way to control her weight. Nina also has scars on her shoulders from self- mutilation. She seems very shy, reserved and almost childlike, but has moments of being very dark and reckless. This dichotomy in her personality causes her great distress. She feels she is under extreme pressure to be perfect for her mother and others. This obsession with perfection and her...
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...IOP3701 EXAM QUESTIONS SECTION 1 May 2011 For fair & equitable testing & assessment in the work context, the starting point is that the job must be described, explain why this would be important (5) Discuss the importance of doing a thorough job analysis in testing and assessment in the work context (5) * The first step and main emphasis in the decision making process is a thorough job analysis * Job analysis consists of: * Job description – indicates the tasks that need to be done in the job. * Job specification – specific characteristics required of a person to perform well in the job. * It is important to list specific requirements that are not often stated – which candidates cannot be considered. * The next step includes fair procedures for making decision. This entails well thought through and justifiable procedures for job description, advertisements etc. * Evaluate and justify minimum requirements in formal education, prior learning, relevant experience, training, skills and knowledge. * Decide on suitable testing and assessment techniques * Follow scientific, professional and ethical guidelines * Monitor outcomes for fairness and adverse impact. * Take steps to ensure equity and fairness for future opportunities. * Fair and equitable testing and assessment: * 1st step and main emphasis in the decision-making process is a thorough job analysis – to know exactly what the job entails and what qualities, characteristics...
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...| Procrastination | Formation of Habits through Social and Cognitive Approaches | | Cheryl D Singleton | 4/2/2012 | University of Phoenix – Michele L. Claybrook-Lucas – PSY/250 | Introduction “Human beings are habit-bound,” yet not all of them are beneficial to our well-being (Smith 2012). A bad habit would be the best description for my habit of procrastinating. Despite years of notorious procrastination, I still can’t seem to break the habit. Procrastination: My Bad Habit Procrastinating has tormented me and my social life for years, almost as long as I can remember. I refuse to let it control my career choices any longer; this is an area, where I strive to have some control. So at the being of March, I made a promise to myself, when faced with a task I don’t want to do or being too think about putting it off until later, I developed a series of questions to ask myself, what are the benefits, for getting completing this particular task now? How will completing this task benefit my future life? According to Meek (2007), somewhere between 15-20% of Americans are notorious procrastinators. For me, I know I have been procrastinating on pretty much everything in my adult life. For example, I have put off returning to college for last 3 years. I seem to just not have the motivation or fire to complete something unless I have no other choice but to do it. Due to my career choice and advancement chances, I need a degree and a license, so returning and completing...
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...| Anxiety Disorders | PSYCH 6211 | | | 5/15/2009 | | Anxiety Disorders Anxiety disorders are the most common emotional disorders that affect Americans. The primary symptoms of anxiety disorders are fear and worry but they are also characterized by emotional and physical symptoms. There are several different types of anxiety disorders. They can include Panic Disorder, Phobias, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorders (Northern Lakes, 2009). There are many different factors that play a role in the cause of anxiety disorders. Heredity, brain chemistry, personality, and lifestyle are contributing factors of anxiety disorders. Evidence exists that shows that anxiety disorders run in families. The genetic link between family members as well as the behaviors one learns when growing up around people who suffer from the disorder may be a direct correlation between anxiety disorders and family traits. Since anxiety disorders are often relieved by medications that altar chemical levels in the brain, scientists believe that brain chemistry must play a role in the onset of anxiety disorders. Lifestyle can also contribute to the development of anxiety disorders. Long-term exposure to abuse, violence, and poverty may increase a person’s vulnerability to these disorders. Results of this type of lifestyle often lead to a person having low self-esteem and poor coping skills (UMM, 2008). Viewing...
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...Disorders of the brain: Mood disorder Tanya Horton Kaplan University PS 124 Mood Disorder The mental disorder that I have chosen to write about is a rather vague area, being mood disorders, that affects “nearly one in ten people aged 18 and older” (MedlinePlus, 2014). Mood disorders “are known to be at least impart genetic, because they are heritable” (Stangor, 2010,. p. 379). “A mood disorder is diagnosed when sadness or elation is overly intense and persistent, is accompanied by a requisite number of other mood disorder symptoms, and significantly impairs the person's capacity to function” (The Merck Manual for health care professionals, 2013). The parts of the brain that are believed to be involved in this certain disorder are the medial prefrontal cortex also known as MPFC, Amygdala, Hippocampus, and ventromedial parts of the basal ganglia. Drevets, Price, and Furey cited that “patients with mood disorders show abnormalities of morphology or morphometry in many visceromotor network structures (Drevets and Price 2005). Depending on the amount of time an individual has had the abnormalalities, they may develop aggressive moods or psychosis. The Hippocampus “is a limbic system brain structure, important in storing information in long term memory” (Stangor, 2010,. p. 73). The limbic system is also associated with a person’s emotions, which affects the mood of the person. The Amygdala, also part of the limbic system, “is responsible for regulating our perception of, and...
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...The Self Paper Trace Riley PSYCH/555 November 26, 2012 Gary McCullough, Ph.D. The Self Paper The concept of self is a multi-dimensional construct that refers to an individual’s self-perspective of how one represents his or her self. Self-concept develops from an individual’s viewpoint in relation to characteristics, such as racial identity or gender roles. For example, if a young boy develops in a family who favors baseball, the likelihood of the son playing baseball is strong because he may acquire the same likeliness for baseball as his peers. There are multiple factors that contribute to self concept and how it develops. Emotions play a significant role in how self-esteem develops and how self and behavior affects individual self-presentation. The purpose of this paper is to examine the concept of self, how self-concept develops, the relationship between self and emotion and how self and behavior affect self-presentation. Samuel Butler believed that a man’s work and his talent’s is simply a portrait of themselves. One may ask “Does self concept develop from individual behavior or the characteristics one may represent?” Self Concept A person develops self concept from a glossary in which he or she has lived. For instance, as mentioned above, the young son of a baseball player may distinguish a personality of a baseball fan or athlete because of his upbringing. Characteristics define an individual’s self-concept for example, his or her self-concept on cultures, races...
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...Organizational Psychology Chasity Roush PSYCH/570 August 11, 2014 Instructor: Michelle Seyfarth Organizational Psychology The field of psychology was established over one hundred years and is concerned with human behavior. Psychology, over the course of time, has developed into many different fields that are growing and presenting in depth focuses on certain aspects of human behaviors in the workplace known as organizational psychology. Organizational psychology is the application of existing scientific knowledge and psychological principles to organizations (Van Knippenberg, 2011) and has significant growth over the last one hundred years. The health of the organization, the interests and concerns of the employees within an organization, and how organizations succeed as a whole are motivating factors behind organizational psychology. Through scientific application, studying employee attitudes and behaviors, evaluating company standpoints, and teaching leadership skills, organizations can increase organizational success and focus on increasing workplace productivity. Assessments of psychical and mental behaviors of employees within organizations provide useful information for organizational psychologists to evaluate the health of the workplace. Organizational psychologists can facilitate responses to issues and problems involving employees by serving as advisors and middle men for different areas of the organization...
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