...Erik Erikson: Psychosocial Development Theory MGMT. 8010 – Management in Human and Societal Development Winter Quarter, 2011 Dr. Kenneth C. Sherman, Professor Everett Cordy, everett.cordy@waldenu.edu Student ID Number: A00186883 Walden University December 9, 2011 Abstract In this exercise, I explore the Psychosocial Development Theory of Erik Erikson. An explanation is given as to why this particular theory was selected for focus, and why Erickson appeals to me, both personally and professionally. Lastly, five (5) scholarly resources (in APA format), that I will consult as I begin to explore Erickson, are appended. Erik Erikson: Psychosocial Development Theory I chose Erik Erikson as the theorist to study. I chose Erik Erikson because his psychosocial development theory is applicable to a wide-range of management situations where understanding how personality and behavior are developed and manifested is valued. I am interested to find out if Erikson’s development model can be applied in my research fields of interests of Employment Law and Conflict Resolution Management. Please find attached hereto a list of five (5) scholarly sources that I will consult as I begin to explore Erik Erikson. References Cornett, C. (2000). Ideas and identities: The life and work of Erik Erikson/Identities architect: A biography of Erik H. Erikson, Clinical...
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...pregnancy it is also going to explore why this epidemic has a possible psychological trigger. Dr. Erik Erickson discusses in his theory if “identity crisis” that an individual must go through eight stages in life successful in order to understand their true identity. While all of the eight stages are important only five will be discussed for this paper. While many of us may believe that there is no reason for a teenager to get pregnant because they should just know better, Dr. Erickson’s theory gives a deep perspective into the psychological effects that can affect a child at different stages of life. This paper is also going to explore what other sources maybe responsible for the teenage pregnancy crisis being so far out of hand. Teen Pregnancy and Who Is To Blame? Statistics show that every year over 750,000 teenage girls will get pregnant. (Services, 2005) More than 2/3 of the teenage girls that get pregnant will not graduate for high school and unmarried pregnant teens account for 24% of the unwed mothers in our country today (Services, 2005) While I don’t think many of us will argue that with statistics like this, we have to figure out why this epidemic is so far out of control. To do this we have to be able to look at it from a psychological approach like Dr. Erik Erickson did in his book that he wrote about “Identity Crisis”. The chapter in his book titled, “The...
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...Theories and Theorists Application 1 Week 5 Kimberly Perkins Walden University Theory is described as “a set of interrelated constructs, definitions and propositions that presents a systematic view of phenomena by specifying relations among variables with the purpose of explaining natural phenomena” (Creswell, 2009). There are multiple theories that are used in the field of psychology such as Cognitive Behavioral Theory, Learning Theory and Personality Theories to name a few. For the purpose of this paper I have chosen to further explore the Humanistic and Developmental Theories. Humanistic Theory believes that humans are different from all organisms and that they control all events and destinies that shape the world around them (Crandell, Crandell and Zanden, 2009). Humanistic theorists believe in the holistic approach, the whole individual and their surroundings are taken into account and they are not just seen as a number or data that is being collected. These theorists argue that “scientific inquiry should be directed toward helping people achieve freedom, hope and self-fulfillment ( Crandell et al. 2009). The goal in mind for this theory is to have the individual viewed as the controller of their situation, making the individual more motivated and have increased self-esteem. One of the greatest Humanistic theorists in my opinion was Carl Rogers. Carl Rogers was born in 1902 in Oak Park Illinois. Roger’s initial major was in agriculture however after 2 years he...
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...Human Development James West PSY/280 September 26 2012 Robert Keele Human Development Human growth and development starts from the moment a child is conceived and continues until the day we die. There are many different stages of development all depending on the person’s beliefs on how we develop. All theories explain a specific growth and development for a specific time for an individual starting from birth to the time of their death. Not all the theories are agreed on because they are based on different individuals erase each and findings, and the time that the theory was developed. In this paper we will break down three of them. The first one is the infancy part of life and how Erik Erikson viewed the development. The second stage of development we will look at is called the phallic stage of Sigmund Freud’s six stages of development. The last stage we will look at is the intimacy versus isolation this is stage six of eight from Erik Erikson. “Some aspects of infant development seem automatic.” (Berger, 2010, pp. 86) The first period of development is in the infancy part of life typically this is from zero to 0ne years of age. Erik Erikson called this stage trust vs mistrust. This is the stage when humans are 100% dependent on their care givers. If the child receives the care that they need they will develop a sense of hope and caring about the world. On the other hand if the caregiver shows the child inconsistency in the care that they provide then it can...
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...DEVELOPMENTAL TASK Erik Erickson (1902- 1994) Erickson’s stages of psychosocial development Erik Erickson believes that people continue to develop through out life. He describes eight stages of development. He believes that ego is the conscious core of the personality. Erickson envisions life as a sequence of levels of achievement. In each stage, the person confronts and hopefully masters new challenges. Each stage builds on the successful completion on the earlier stages. The challenges of stages not successfully completed may be expected to reappear as problems in the future. Stage of Development Ideal Task Important Events Justification Infancy (birth- 18 months) Trust Vs. Mistrust Learning to trust others Feeding Developed Trust -In this stage mouth is the center of gratification according to Freud, and the mother should satisfy the baby’s needs through feeding -He developed trust because he was appropriately weaned. He was introduced with milk formula in exchange of his mom’s milk to satisfy his oral gratification Toddler ( 18 months- 3 years) Autonomy Vs. Shame and Doubt Self control without loss of self-esteem. Pride in self: assertion of will in the face of danger. Toilet Training Developed Shame & Doubt - In this stage anus and rectum are the centers of pleasure. Erickson believe that learning to control one’s body functions leads to a feeling of control and a sense of independence. -He developed shame & doubt because he was scolded...
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...Historical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology Marisol Malagon PSY/410 October 10, 2011 Maria I. Neely Historical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology In this paper I will examine the origin of abnormal psychology, include the challenges, which define, and classify normal, and abnormal behavior. I will provide an overview of how abnormal psychology has evolved into a scientific discipline, and analyze the psychosocial, biological, medical, and socio-cultural theoretical models related to the development of abnormal psychology. Scientific characterization regarding what is abnormal includes five criteria’s, they are: help seeking, irrationality or dangerousness, deviance, emotional distress, and significant impairment. Help seeking, irrational or dangerous, and deviance are indicators, which link abnormality under its circumstantial nature. Emotional distress and significant impairment are considered useful and functional scientifically, this makes the two preferred, in this day in age for psychopathology. The last two may happen externally of the realm of psychopathology, but this rarely happens without the two. The criteria acts together as an explanation, which is helpful for clinical standpoint but may not apply in all situations. Nevertheless, a complete comprehension regarding the history of abnormal psychology must be taken into account. The origin of abnormal psychology goes as far back before Biblical history (Damour & Hansell, 2008). The animal-spiritual...
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...Life Span Perspective Denise Bonner PSY/375 - LIFE SPAN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT February 09, 2013 Lynn Seiser Life Span Perspective Throughout life people go through different stages of development through different their life span. Development does not only occur from birth to childhood but it carries to adolescents, early adulthood, and through later years of adulthood as well. There are different characteristics and factors that take place during a person life span such as ones culture, genetics, and environment. The life span has three different domains which are physical, cognitive and social that plays a role in a person’s development. Past psychologist have different theories on the life span development. Sigmund Freud was a well known psychologist that broke down the different stages in a human’s life. Erik Erikson was also well known for his theories in which some related to Sigmund Freud as well. There are five different characteristics of the life span perspective which include: multidirectional, multicontextual, multicultural, multidisciplinary, and plastic (Berger, 2011). The life span perspective of development is not just the phase that takes place in the childhood or adulthood portions of one’s life. A multidirectional perspective enables researchers to recognize the gains and losses often occur simultaneously: Human characteristics change in multiple ways and from a life-span perspective, a multidirectional view allows us to understand when, how, and...
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...Late Adulthood and End of Life Verna Gillespie PSY/375 January 22, 2012 Dr. Lynn Seiser Late Adulthood and End of Life Life is a series of continuous ebbs and flows. Life span development goes through the cycles and stages of infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, early or emerging adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood; it is the definitive culmination to the end of life (Berger, 2008). Descending toward the end of life in late adulthood can be despairing, but it does not have to be if one has psychologically prepared for and has accepted that death is inevitable. Senescence, primary aging and secondary aging each take place at this stage, but perspective, quality, and joy of life is still relevant. Eric Erickson, psychologist, defines the late adulthood stage—ages 55 or 65 to death, basically as adults assessing what their lives have cultivated throughout its development. Erickson’s theory of the final stage of development sequence is “integrity versus despair” (Berger, 2008). According to Berger, Erickson proposes in this eighth stage that the two opposing forces reference: Life brings many, quite realistic reasons for experiencing despair: aspects of the present that causes unremitting pain; aspects of a future that are uncertain and frightening. And, of course, there remains inescapable death, that one aspect of the future which is both wholly certain and wholly unknowable. Thus, some despair must be acknowledged and integrated as a component...
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...<Katie Ramos> <EDU-213 > <11/16/2014> <Kimberly Capron> Stages of Social Development According to Erik Erikson there are eight stages of social development that each child should go through. First of which being learning basic trust versus mistrust, this starts at infancy and continues through two years of age. This occurs when the child is treated with love, care and nurture. When the child does not receive this the child adapts a sense of mistrust and insecurities. The second is learning self-secureness versus shame, a child around the age of two years to four years would show a sense of self they would start to pull out their own independence and self-worth. Children who do not have the care and nurture that they need start to seem to rebel a little, they will show more stubbornness, and throw more tantrums than that of the normal well parented child. The third is learning initiative versus guilt. In this stage it refers to children who are age’s four to seven or as it is often referred to as the “play age.” This is where a child’s imagination starts to heightens form active play. A child learns how to play and share with others. A child who exhibits the need and desire to stick close to an adult, hides away from groups and it will ultimately restrict their play and social habits. The fourth stage of social development is Industry versus Inferiority .In this the child learns to master the more formal skills of life: Being able to relate with...
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...intrigued with his stages of development and thought that they blew Feud out of the water. I’m no longer as fascinated with it as I was but still find it rather interesting. What I like is that Erikson uses the idea of a pendulum for his stages of development. Take his first stage trust vs. mistrust (which we will get into more of later). If one develops too much trust they become naïve and gullible while too much mistrust and the individual will not trust anyone which would cause them to have abnormal relationships since neither extreme is an acceptable outcome, what is desired is a middle state with aspects of both extremes. Erik Erikson ideas were greatly influenced by Freud, he went along with Freud’s ideas about the structure of personality. However, Erikson emphasized the role of culture and society and the conflicts that took place within the ego itself, whereas Freud emphasized the conflict between the id and the superego. According to Erikson,”… the ego develops as it successfully resolves crises that are distinctly social in nature”(Engler 2008). Erikson developed stages which involved establishing a sense of trust in others, developing a sense of identity in society. “Erikson extends on Freudian thoughts by focusing on the adaptive and creative characteristic of the ego, and expanding the notion of the stages of personality development to include the entire lifespan.” (Enger 2008) Erikson proposed a model of development, which has five child stages...
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...Gender and Development Theories, Wid, Wad and Gad, Their Strengths and Weaknesse In: Other Topics Gender and Development Theories, Wid, Wad and Gad, Their Strengths and Weaknesse INVESTING IN AFRICA’S FUTURE FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE Name: Chupical Shollah Manuel Reg Number: R 086305 HU Lecturer: Musvosvi, E (Ms) Course: Gender and Development (HSO 306) Question: Briefly discuss the following theories and show the strengths and weaknesses of each approach to Gender Development; WID, WAD and GAD. Gender relates to the social constructions and relations between men and women and it does not simply look at maleness or femaleness. Development is a multidimensional concept but in general it entails social upward mobility and empowerment but not limited to this. In studying gender relations and development it is of great importance to look at the approaches adopted by feminists in redressing and addressing social disparities. There are many approaches but shall give considerable to WID, WAD and GAD and give their contributions to development as well as their strengths and weaknesses. One of the most famous approaches to development was the feminist Women in development (WID). This was adopted in the 1970s in response to women movement in the west. The women in the west advocated for inclusion of women who have been excluded from development policies and programs. Baserup (1979) point out that the...
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...at each school site, the students also differ. What does remain consistent are the theories of child development that originated from theorists Erik Erickson and Jean Piaget....
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...the study of life stages in which humans experience and the behavioral issues of one’s self. his scientific process has been study by many pioneers throughout history who has shared their own belief and explanations for people behavioral issue and the way in which they act which is mundane to one’s society. One pioneer who has contributed his opinion to Psychology is Erikson, a German Psychologist who created eight psychosocial stages that humans encounter throughout their life, the stages are: Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt, Initiative vs. Guilt, Industry vs. Inferiority, Identity vs. Role Confusion, Intimacy vs. Isolation, Generativity vs. Stagnation, and Integrity vs. Despair . Erik Homberger Erikson was born in 1902 near Frankfort, Germany to Danish parents. Erik studied art and a variety of languages during his school years, rather than science courses such as biology and chemistry. He didn’t support the idea of going to college so instead he traveled around Europe, keeping a diary of his events. After a year of doing this, he returned to Germany and attended art school. After a period of time, Erikson began to teach art and other subjects American children who had come to Vienna for training. He was then permitted into the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute. In 1933 he came to the U.S. and became Boston's first child analyst and got a position at the Harvard Medical School. Later on, he also held positions at institutions including Yale and Berkeley Erikson...
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...Child development is seen as a very important topic in today’s world. What’s right? What is going to harm my child? How can I protect them? These, and many more questions are raised by most parents on a daily basis. In order to know what is best for a child, it is crucial to know what developmental theories best match up with a parent's way of thinking. Psychological theorists have been working for a long time on discovering how children grow and learn. Erik Erikson and Jean Piaget are two theorists that have made a lot of headway in the child developmental field. With some similar and different concepts, these theorists made a huge impact in the psychology world. Born in Germany, Erickson never agreed with traditional schooling. He graduated...
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...bodily reactions occur before the emotions and _____________________ theory postulates that both the bodily reactions and emotions occur at the same time. a. Cannon–Bard theory; James–Lange theory b. James–Lange theory; Two factor theory c. James–Lange theory; Cannon–Bard theory d. Emotional intelligence; Dual Pathway Model of Fear 4. ____________A__________ is the ability to manage emotions effectively in a variety of situations. a. Emotional intelligence b. Emotional resilience c. Emotional stability d. Mental toughness 5. ________B___________ believed that the process in which we handle specific psychosocial crises shapes our personality development throughout the lifespan. a. Sigmund Freud b. Erik Erickson c. Jean Piaget d. Albert Bandura 6. Children tend to view the world based on their personal perspectives. The term for this is ____B___ a. centration b. egocentrism c. ego identity d. narcissism Fill in the Blank 1. _____NEED__________ A state of deprivation or deficiency 2. ____DRIVE___________ A state of bodily tension, such as hunger or thirst 3. _____INCENTIVE_______ Rewards or other stimuli that motivate us to do something 4. _____ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION__________ The motive or desire to...
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