...of teen age pregnancy it is also going to explore why this epidemic has a possible psychological trigger. Dr. Erik Erickson discusses in his theory if “identity crisis” that an individual must go through eight stages in life successful in order to understand their true identity. While all of the eight stages are important only five will be discussed for this paper. While many of us may believe that there is no reason for a teenager to get pregnant because they should just know better, Dr. Erickson’s theory gives a deep perspective into the psychological effects that can affect a child at different stages of life. This paper is also going to explore what other sources maybe responsible for the teenage pregnancy crisis being so far out of hand. Teen Pregnancy and Who Is To Blame? Statistics show that every year over 750,000 teenage girls will get pregnant. (Services, 2005) More than 2/3 of the teenage girls that get pregnant will not graduate for high school and unmarried pregnant teens account for 24% of the unwed mothers in our country today (Services, 2005) While I don’t think many of us will argue that with statistics like this, we have to figure out why this epidemic is so far out of control. To do this we have to be able to look at it from a psychological approach like Dr. Erik Erickson did in his book that he wrote about “Identity Crisis”. The chapter in his book...
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...Historical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology Marisol Malagon PSY/410 October 10, 2011 Maria I. Neely Historical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology In this paper I will examine the origin of abnormal psychology, include the challenges, which define, and classify normal, and abnormal behavior. I will provide an overview of how abnormal psychology has evolved into a scientific discipline, and analyze the psychosocial, biological, medical, and socio-cultural theoretical models related to the development of abnormal psychology. Scientific characterization regarding what is abnormal includes five criteria’s, they are: help seeking, irrationality or dangerousness, deviance, emotional distress, and significant impairment. Help seeking, irrational or dangerous, and deviance are indicators, which link abnormality under its circumstantial nature. Emotional distress and significant impairment are considered useful and functional scientifically, this makes the two preferred, in this day in age for psychopathology. The last two may happen externally of the realm of psychopathology, but this rarely happens without the two. The criteria acts together as an explanation, which is helpful for clinical standpoint but may not apply in all situations. Nevertheless, a complete comprehension regarding the history of abnormal psychology must be taken into account. The origin of abnormal psychology goes as far back before Biblical history (Damour & Hansell, 2008). The animal-spiritual...
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...Human Development James West PSY/280 September 26 2012 Robert Keele Human Development Human growth and development starts from the moment a child is conceived and continues until the day we die. There are many different stages of development all depending on the person’s beliefs on how we develop. All theories explain a specific growth and development for a specific time for an individual starting from birth to the time of their death. Not all the theories are agreed on because they are based on different individuals erase each and findings, and the time that the theory was developed. In this paper we will break down three of them. The first one is the infancy part of life and how Erik Erikson viewed the development. The second stage of development we will look at is called the phallic stage of Sigmund Freud’s six stages of development. The last stage we will look at is the intimacy versus isolation this is stage six of eight from Erik Erikson. “Some aspects of infant development seem automatic.” (Berger, 2010, pp. 86) The first period of development is in the infancy part of life typically this is from zero to 0ne years of age. Erik Erikson called this stage trust vs mistrust. This is the stage when humans are 100% dependent on their care givers. If the child receives the care that they need they will develop a sense of hope and caring about the world. On the other hand if the caregiver shows the child inconsistency in the care that they provide then it can...
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...Gender and Development Theories, Wid, Wad and Gad, Their Strengths and Weaknesse In: Other Topics Gender and Development Theories, Wid, Wad and Gad, Their Strengths and Weaknesse INVESTING IN AFRICA’S FUTURE FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE Name: Chupical Shollah Manuel Reg Number: R 086305 HU Lecturer: Musvosvi, E (Ms) Course: Gender and Development (HSO 306) Question: Briefly discuss the following theories and show the strengths and weaknesses of each approach to Gender Development; WID, WAD and GAD. Gender relates to the social constructions and relations between men and women and it does not simply look at maleness or femaleness. Development is a multidimensional concept but in general it entails social upward mobility and empowerment but not limited to this. In studying gender relations and development it is of great importance to look at the approaches adopted by feminists in redressing and addressing social disparities. There are many approaches but shall give considerable to WID, WAD and GAD and give their contributions to development as well as their strengths and weaknesses. One of the most famous approaches to development was the feminist Women in development (WID). This was adopted in the 1970s in response to women movement in the west. The women in the west advocated for inclusion of women who have been excluded from development policies and programs. Baserup (1979) point out that the...
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...Life Span Perspective Denise Bonner PSY/375 - LIFE SPAN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT February 09, 2013 Lynn Seiser Life Span Perspective Throughout life people go through different stages of development through different their life span. Development does not only occur from birth to childhood but it carries to adolescents, early adulthood, and through later years of adulthood as well. There are different characteristics and factors that take place during a person life span such as ones culture, genetics, and environment. The life span has three different domains which are physical, cognitive and social that plays a role in a person’s development. Past psychologist have different theories on the life span development. Sigmund Freud was a well known psychologist that broke down the different stages in a human’s life. Erik Erikson was also well known for his theories in which some related to Sigmund Freud as well. There are five different characteristics of the life span perspective which include: multidirectional, multicontextual, multicultural, multidisciplinary, and plastic (Berger, 2011). The life span perspective of development is not just the phase that takes place in the childhood or adulthood portions of one’s life. A multidirectional perspective enables researchers to recognize the gains and losses often occur simultaneously: Human characteristics change in multiple ways and from a life-span perspective, a multidirectional view allows us to understand when, how, and...
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...Child development is seen as a very important topic in today’s world. What’s right? What is going to harm my child? How can I protect them? These, and many more questions are raised by most parents on a daily basis. In order to know what is best for a child, it is crucial to know what developmental theories best match up with a parent's way of thinking. Psychological theorists have been working for a long time on discovering how children grow and learn. Erik Erikson and Jean Piaget are two theorists that have made a lot of headway in the child developmental field. With some similar and different concepts, these theorists made a huge impact in the psychology world. Born in Germany, Erickson never agreed with traditional schooling. He graduated...
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...Amodei Annamaria PSY 206 Prof. T. Walter Psychological Paper REPORT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION DISCLAMER: The case that follows is fictional and was developed for educational purposes. Any resemblance in actions, events, or persons discussed herein to actual actions, events or persons is merely coincidental. NAME: Michael Jackson AGE: 50 DATE: May 25, 2009 PRESENTING INFORMATION AND REASON FOR REFERRAL: Michael Jackson is a 50 year-old African-American male who under the advice of his family and friends, has agreed to seek voluntary counsel for on going issues related to an illness known as body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Michael does not openly admit that he suffers from BDD, even though in the past 25 years he has gone through multiple cosmetic surgical procedures. Michael stated “I thought I was ugly - my skin was too dark, and I decided that my nose was too wide. It was no help that my insensitive father and brothers called me 'Big Nose”. ( J. Randy Taraborrelli, 2008). Michael Jackson was referred to me for a diagnostic evaluation. HISTORY OF PRESENTING PROBLEM AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Based on my clinical interview with the patient, from a very young age, he grew up in the spotlight, and as his career progressed his insecurities about his body have become increasingly apparent. At the age of 21, Michael had his first rhinoplasty after breaking his nose, he quickly followed this with two more, citing “ the surgery had not been...
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...Research Paper on Chris Brown Ashley Marie Rodriguez John Jay College Criminal Justice, City University of New York Psychology of Personality Mindi Wapner, PhD, NCSP Fall 2015 The glamorous life of the music industry is no easy task to live up to. This kind of world requires dedication, talent, sacrifice, passion, and a plethora of other qualities one must have to arise to true stardom. Talent and good looks will only get oh so far in this industry, but what it really takes is, a whole lot originality and a sprinkle of “pizazz” to allow you to succeed beyond your wildest dreams. This is no easy job for the average Joe Schmo, who thinks that just having talent may be enough, there has to be that “it factor” that makes you stand above the rest. Many of the major/mainstream music labels in this day and age are looking for their next big hit that will make them millions of dollars in revenue for their brand. When you are an artist signed to a major label you become a brand ambassador for that label, as well as yourself. You must be willing to do what it takes to make your music, as well as your products sell, sell, and sell. But always keep in mind, when you are a well-known artist who lives in the spotlight and is releasing music on a constant basis, your life becomes super public, where you have people all over the world watching and judging everything you do. Now this next artist who I will be introducing in...
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...Theories of personality is a tough inferior that covers a distant clothing of concepts. Before seizure this course, I fell I had a shapely understanding of personality theories that I had a wandering intention of Freud's theory, I had heard around the Hierarchy of needs, I knew about Ivan Pavlov and Pavlov's dog, and I had even taken the Myers-Briggs proof. Much to my hold, my superior knowledge hardly scratched the peripheral of all of the psychological muse diligence to the development of personalities and behaviors. Throughout the method, many separate individuality theories were scatter. My prior erudition of Freud's theory entailed knowledge of the id, ego, and superego as well as the ponder of the unaware. I learned that his supposition is called psychoanalysis and that there were many other theorists that expanded upon his concepts. Karen Horney, Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, and Erik Erikson all made significant contributions to psychoanalytic hypothesis. Horney's theory converge on ten neurotic needs that can be conglomerate into three coping strategies: compliance, intrusion, and withdrawal (Boeree, 2006). These three coping strategies aid the person to cope with the apprehension that is created by a neurotic need. Adler postulated an individual motivating force behind all of our manners and experiences that her termed “striving for perfection” (Boeree, 2006). This covers the desire we all have to reach our possibility. Jung provided a theory that encompasses both a teleological...
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...Comprehensive Analysis Case Study Cheryl M. Todd PSY7220 Capella University Abstract This comprehensive case analysis will follow Gwen Cohen-Green through the following three stages of development: early childhood, middle childhood, and early adolescence. Within each of the three stages I will identify Gwen’s social and emotional development, theories pertaining to her development, validation, and predominate factors. A complete analysis and synthesis will support the findings, and recommendations will be given to support her. Table of Contents Introduction Case Study: Early Childhood Case Study: Middle Childhood Cased Study: Early Adolescence Analysis and Synthesis Recommendations Conclusion References 1 1-5 5-10 10-15 15-16 16-17 17 18-20 Comprehensive Analysis Case Study Introduction This study will identify the child I have chosen for my case study project and follow her through each of the following stages: early childhood, middle childhood and early adolescence. Secondly, the study will include an analysis and synthesis of developmental domains and of environmental and influential factors and finally, the study will make recommendations for optimal development. Early Childhood: Case Study Gwen Cohen-Green is an only child that lives with both her mom and dad in a suburban setting. Mom and dad both work long hours with mom being the primary parent to attend conferences as well as being the disciplinarian. Gwen’s parents are...
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...young girls during this stage, arrives from several changes in her life as her body prepares to evolve. Throughout this period in Annie’s life, she will begin puberty bringing on multiple emotional, physical and cognitive alterations in her character and physique. “Puberty” is the moment of development at which the person can reproduce sexually. (Lahey, 2010, p.334). A number of distinct physical changes take place throughout puberty. As a result, Annie’s body will start evolving, because of the increase in estrogen. Annie’s Transformation The largest and distinct developmental transition in Annie’s body will be growth spurts. Throughout the time, this girl can develop in any place from 8 inches and 12 inches in stature, and it is healthy for consuming habits to move from consuming small servings to eating bigger meals. While Annie starts to eat more substantial portions, causing her body to begin to change physically. Several parts of her body will grow; she might also launch a menstrual cycle at that time. The hormones produced by her body will adjust as puberty starts; like sprouting pubic hair, and she might be unsure about these situations and in what way others see her. Erickson (1963) argued that the girl’s early awareness of identity comes to some degree “unglued” because a mix...
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...81. - 100. You are to explain a complicated procedure to a 4-year-old child. Describe how you would consider their cognitive level (Piaget) psychosocial stage (Erikson) and moral level (Kohlberg) to create an appropriate setting and information to help the child understand the procedure. Pre-operational stage-To explain Piaget’s cognitive level of a four years old child, I am going to focus on his second level of cognitive development called pre-operational stage. The child’s thinking at this stage is said to be before operations. This age starts at two and ends at the age of seven. It is at this crucial stage that the child learns to use language symbols. At this level of development the child cannot separate ideas or even apply logic (Cherry...
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...across the lifespan Human psychology throughout the lifespan is exhibited through the three important elements of emotion, which include; emotional expression regulation of emotional experiences emotional recognition This essay will discuss each of the three elements in the following life developmental stages referring to biological evidence and well know developmental stages referring to biological evidence and well know developmental theorists where appropriate. The three life stages in this essay will be infancy and childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Emotional expression is a key aspect of learning in which the individuals recognizes how to apply emotions that are socially appropriate and in keeping with the emotional development of that person. During infancy, the use of facial expressions is a key means of communication to establish biological needs. For example crying when to be fed or laughing when defecating. At this stage of infancy usually about the first months of birth, key cognitive functions to express emotions such as smiling is reflexive, independent of external stimuli. With the advancement of age of 2 - 3 months this reflexive motor is replaced by social smiling, typically when the baby sees his or her caregivers face. From the ages of 4 - 5 years, emotional expressions begin to be shaped by societal and cultural expectations and this continues to expand between the ages of 8-12 years until adolescence. In adolescence, facial displays of emotion...
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...Life Span Development Kelvin L. McRae Liberty University Abstract In this paper it will discuss Erik Eriksons 8 stages of personality and what we deal with during each stage of our lives. This paper will also discuss the Big Five theory which gives a pretty good ideal of most people personalities. This paper will also discuss my life span and the things that I have been through in my life time from birth to my current stage of life Young adults. It will also explain what I need to do to deal with the issues that I have that are affecting me as I go into my next stage of life and how I will deal with it. In our life time we go through several changes. Form the day we are born until the day that death has come upon use. As we reach different stages of our lives we begin to see changes not only in our physical but cognitively as well. Through the studies of Erik Erickson he came up with 8 different stages personality that may define who we are going to be. The first stage is Basic trust vs. basic mistrust; in this stage it covers the birth to 1 year of age which seems to be the most fundamental stage of life. Cassell (2013) states that Erickson said; the baby develops basic trust or basic mistrust is not merely a matter of nurture. It is multi-faceted and has strong social components. It depends on the quality of the maternal relationship. The mother carries out and reflects their inner perceptions of trustworthiness, a sense of personal meaning, etc. on the...
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...Span- From the moment of conception to the day we pass away, we are in constant change, growth and development. Most results are of biological and psychological changes as people. Some changes are self proposed and some are results of personal choices, we all pass along a chronological timeline of events of which make us who we are. Throughout the use of biological, cognitive and socioemotional processes, we experience various periods of development. Biological is defined as changes in an individual’s physical nature; cognitive is changes in thought, intelligence and language; and socioemotional is changes within a person’s relationships & friendships with others as well as their own emotions and personality. From the prenatal period and along the way, we learn how to use our minds and bodies to communicate, develop friendships, learn how to love, work, play and achieve. From early childhood we are learning to be self sufficient on to adulthood, where we are seeking how to be independent and expand personally and socially. Eventually we get to late adulthood and our bodies are going through a multitude of changes as we get ready to enter the final life cycle. For me personally, the human life span is more linear as described as the periods of development in the book we are reading. It is easy to see the different processes unfold within the various periods of development if you delineate the age categories or specific periods and patterns of change. Nature vs. Nurture- ...
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