...The Olympic Games are a set of international sports competitions held every four years since 1896, regrouping over 10,500 athletes from different nations, participating to nearly 300 different sports (Australian Olympic Committee, 2009). They are one of the most renowned events in the world, and have the ability of attracting the attention of a worldwide audience and to produce important impacts on the country or region that hosts them. After hosting the Olympics two times in 1908 and 1948, London will beat the records this year by being the first country holding three Olympic Games and, in the same way as the previous Games, the 2012 Olympics are going to have major impacts on the country on several industries (Australian Olympic Committee, 2009). This essay will mainly discuss the political, social and economic long-term impacts that hosting the 2012 Olympic Games will have on the city of London in relation to the Events Industry. This first part of the essay will discuss the political impacts of the Olympics on the Events Industry. Over time, the Olympic Games have become “irreparably intertwined with politics” and have generated a good political image on the hosting country as they served as a tool of global publicity. Unfortunately, this hasn’t always been a positive thing as it often led to bribery and corruption. For example, in 1936 the Nazi Party used the Games to promote German superiority. This is why the International Olympics Committee (IOC) former...
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...seen as tools of capitalism were disavowed, this included competitive games. Therefore, the Soviet Union denied to take an interest in the international Olympic Games. However, by the 1930s the Soviet Union started to take an alternate position concerning competitive game. The USSR saw the Olympics as a way to show the Soviet power. The Games gave a chance to demonstrate the predominance of the Soviet Union to the world, and to their own kin. Because of World War II. The Soviet Union did not join the Olympic Games until 1952.The Olympic Games are not only a progression of rivalries that bring the countries of the world together, there is more goes into the Games. For instance, legislative and political issues play a persuasive factor with regards to the Olympics. Subsequently, the developing political scene in the Soviet Union from the 1950s to the fall of the USSR can be followed through the Olympics. The Olympics not just show the political setting inside the Soviet Union, additionally how foreign relations developed between the USSR and other countries of the world. The Russians entered the Olympics without precedent for 1952 . In 1972,...
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...The Olympics: Excellence, Friendship and Respect The Olympics: Excellence, Friendship and Respect Introduction The Olympics were for many years a great event to unite countries, cultures and outstanding athletes, a display of endurance, strength and dynamics upon the glory of being the first, which is reason enough to attract fanatics around the world every four years, and here we will explore the beginning, reason and effect it causes to us, the spectators. (Jorge Zalazar, 2012) History According to historical records, the first ancient Olympics can be trace back to 776 B.C. (before Christ) They were dedicated to the Olympian gods and were stage in the ancient plains of Olympia. They continue for nearly 12 centuries, until Emperor Theodosius decreed in 393 A.D. (Anno Domini, in the year of the lord) that all such “pagan cults” be banned. The Olympic Games were closely linked to the religious festival of the cult of Zeus, aimed to show the physical qualities and evolution of the performance accomplished by young people, as well as encouraging good relation between the cities of Greece. (Ancient Olympic Games.2012) The games were held every four years during august and September and the word “Olympiad”, which referred to the four years interval between competitions, was commonly used to measure time. (Olympic dates and history.2012) The Games were initially one day event until 684 B.C., when they were extended to three days. In the 5th century B.C., the games were extended...
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...WHAT ARE THE ISSUES OF WORLDWIDE EVENTS ON A COUNTRY ? The exemple of Brazil with the World Cup and the Olympic Games Globalization Seminar – September 2014 GROUPE 36 - PARIS Maxime BEURRIER, Lauriane CORBIN, Aurore GUILLON, Yuan GUO, Benjamin FERRE It is used to say that "the surfer is wonderful when he is standing up on his board". Brazil is one of these surfers since the early 90s. Expected to become a major world power, the country has moreover the opportunity to shine in front of the world by organizing successively world wild events in less than five years. It had never been given to a country the opportunity to receive such big events, especially in such a short period: the World Youth Day (WYD), the Confederations Cup, the Football World Cup in 2014 and finally the Olympic Games in 2016. After China, who organizes Beijing Olympics games in 2008, Brazil is now pursuing his prodigious road on the top of the wave. The organisation of these worldwide events is a great opportunity to consolidate its influence in the world but also the risk of eventually falling off from his surfing-board, into the water. After the competition among several countries in order to obtain the right to host these events, each slightest actions of the winner are scrutinized by the whole world. Today, the occurrence of events involving all the nations of the world highlights the globalization characteristics. Indeed, for one summer, many countries meet around a single place, a single goal,...
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...1988 Winter Olympics In 1988, Calgary hosted the first Olympic Winter Games held on Canadian soil. The Winter Olympic Games in Calgary represented an opportunity for Canada to showcase itself on the global level. Not only did the international media descend upon Calgary, showcasing their natural beauty and famous sights, but Canadian athletes were also cast under a spotlight, and their victories and losses were seen to be correlated with the success of the Games and the health and vitality of the Canadian nation by the Canadian public. Despite the Canadian team only winning 5 medals and place 12th in the rankings, the legacy of the ’88 Olympics continues to transform Canada and impact present day and future Olympic Games. . Canada has been a strong proponent of winter sports, but prior to 1988, no Canadian city had ever hosted the Winter Olympic Games. Calgary won the bid to host the ’88 Winter Olympics in 1981 defeating out Falun, Sweden, Cortina d'Ampezzo, and Italy. Calgary changed every single venue that they proposed to the IOC in their candidature. Many of the ski events were forced to be rescheduled due to the warm Chinook winds that gusted up to 60 miles per hour. The Canadians two greatest efforts in the Games came from men’s and female’s figure skating which resulted in 2 silver medals. In men’s figure skating Brian Orser of Canada was co-favourite with America’s Brian Boitano, it was the thought of home ice and the emotion it brought could give him the confidence...
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...In 1913, when Baron Pierre de Coubertin first sketched five interlocking rings – blue, black, red, yellow and green – on a white background, it would have been difficult to imagine the impact they would have over the course of the next century and beyond. The origin of the Rings Coubertin had conceived the rings as an “international emblem” to reflect the global reach of the Olympic Movement following the 1912 Olympic Games in Stockholm, which was the first time that athletes had come from all five continents to compete. One year later, the five rings first appeared at the top of a letter written by Coubertin. “These five rings represent the five parts of the world now won over to Olympism and ready to accept its fruitful rivalries,” wrote Coubertin in a 1913 edition of Olympic Review. “In addition, the six colours combined in this way represent the colours of every country, without exception. This is a real international emblem.” The Olympic rings made their official debut at the IOC Congress in Paris in 1914 and were seen at the Olympic Games for the first time in 1920, when the Olympic flag was first raised in Antwerp. Since then, the rings have gone on to become one of the world’s most recognised symbols, seen by billions of people during each edition of the Games and spread throughout the world as the official symbol of the Olympic Movement. The global recognition of the Olympic rings is down to the uniqueness of the symbol and the meaning each one of us attaches...
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...of netball can be traced to the early development of basketball. When it was invented in 1891 by James Naismith. His game was first played in the campus gymnasium on a court roughly half the size of a regulated court today, between two teams of nine players. It was played with a soccer ball that was shot into closed-bottom peach baskets that were nailed to the gymnasium wall. In 1892 Senda Berenson, also a physical education instructor, adapted Naismith's game for her female students. The sport was modified for women to accommodate social conventions regarding their participation in sport, giving rise to women's basketball. Variations of women's basketball arose across the United States and in England. At a physical training college in England, the rules of women's basketball were modified over several years to form an entirely new sport namely netball. She divided the playing court into thirds, each containing three players per team that could not leave their assigned zone. Players could not hold the ball for more than three seconds, dribble it more than three times, or snatch the ball from another player. The first codified rules of netball were published at the start of the twentieth century, and from there, the new sport spread throughout the British Empire. By 1895, women's basketball had spread across the United States, with variations of the rules emerging in different areas. The published rules for women's basketball first appeared in 1895, written by Clara Gregory...
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...Technological development is becoming more and more essential in spot competition. Technological development refers to the development of techniques or appliance which can improve the quality and magnificence of the sport competitions. However, there could be some difference between different countries; it may depend on the level of the countries' development. There are three main aspects revealing that technological development has revolutionized sport competitions. Firstly, the development of telecommunications promotes the globalization of sport competition. Secondly, the use of electronic appliance helps to reduce controversy and ensure the fairness of the results in the competition, such as auto-timing system. Moreover, the improvement sport equipments and analyzing system has become necessary for enhancing the performance of athletes. Firstly, one of the most dramatic revolutions in sport completion is caused by the developments in new technologies of mass communication, especially the development of Internet and satellite television, which are allowing the sport competitions to be publicized around the world much more quickly. As an example, mega-events such as the Olympic Games can be regarded as a 'media-events (D. Rowe, 2004, 166). According to Roche, the 1936 Berlin Olympics was the first Olympic Games to be radio broadcast to the world; and it was also the first major sport event to be televised, although it was only available in the city of Berlin at that time...
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... Executive summary Basketball is one of the major Olympic sports. And Olympic presentation of it should be as good as possible, as millions of people will watch the action from East London closely. They all want an extraordinary exhibition and performance, so the constructions of a top quality Basketball Arena, which will successfully host the games, require a lot of attitude. It is essential to understand that the arena must be a part of an Olympic vision and should address all the proposals and ideas which Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) and London as a capital of Great Britain want to introduce during games and after them. It required a lot of effort, knowledge and an experience to achieve the overall goal in delivering basketball arena. In the end the project become one of the biggest of its type ever built for such an event. Several firms, agencies and organisations worked closely with each other to deliver a successful result on each stage of the project. Introduction The Basketball arena was a unique challenge. It was the first time a 12000 seat temporary arena with a span of almost 100 m had been built in UK. Because of the size, scale, complexity and the cost of the venue, it went through considerable scrutiny, deliberation and change throughout the course of 2006-2009. Location of Basketball arena was changed to the former site of the Fencing hall after Olympic and Paralympics Fencing and Paralympics Judo were moved to Excel venue in Docklands...
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...The Complexity of the Olympic Games On February 9 the Winter Olympics began in Pyeongchang, South Korea. These were the twenty-third Olympic Games, and continued until February 25. There is quite a bit of history behind the Olympics, dating all the way back to the 7th century B.C. Those games are now known as the Ancient Olympic Games, which were discontinued with the rise of Christianity in 394 A.D. The current Olympics, which were revived in 1896, are known as the Modern Olympic Games. The history of and reasoning for the Ancient Games remained quite simple until their downfall. However, the revival and history of the Modern Olympics has often been complicated mostly due to politics, discrimination, and drug use even though the sports and...
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...changed to better. Sport also has gone through a big change through the application of IT. A compelling example that illustrates the change in sports is Beijing Olympics. The Beijing Olympics has been the most information intensive Olympics ever; Compared to the Olympics in 2004, use of the information technology in Beijing Olympics was increased more than 80 percent. According to the Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games, the technology takes the biggest portion in the entire budget of the operation of the Olympics. With the operating budget of 2 billion USD, the BOCOG’s spent 400 million USD on the application of the information technology. BOCOG decided to estimate this much of budget because one of the three main themes of the Beijing Olympics was to make is a high tech Olympics. The information technology is very important in Olympics for few reasons. One of the reasons is that its scale is unlike any other events. For example, the soccer world cup is a tournament that is loved by people as much as the Olympics. However, fewer athletes participate in only 64 games, and since they play only one sport, of course, soccer, the world cup needs only a single clock to monitor game time. In that way, requirements for data for the world cup is way lower that those of the Olympics. On the other hand, the summer Olympics includes 28 sports and 302 events, and they promulgate through seven...
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...education director, created a new game called Mintonette as a pastime to be played preferably indoors and by any number of players. The game took some of its characteristics from tennis and handball. Another indoor sport, basketball, was catching on in the area, having been invented just ten miles (sixteen kilometers) away in the city of Springfield, Massachusetts, only four years before. Mintonette was designed to be an indoor sport less rough than basketball for older members of the YMCA, while still requiring a bit of athletic effort. The first rules, written down by William G Morgan, called for a net 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) high, a 25×50 ft (7.6×15.2 m) court, and any number of players. A match was composed of nine innings with three serves for each team in each inning, and no limit to the number of ball contacts for each team before sending the ball to the opponents’ court. In case of a serving error, a second try was allowed. Hitting the ball into the net was considered a foul (with loss of the point or a side-out)—except in the case of the first-try serve. After an observer, Alfred Halstead, noticed the volleying nature of the game at its first exhibition match in 1896, played at the International YMCA Training School (now called Springfield College), the game quickly became known as volleyball (it was originally spelled as two words: "volley ball"). Volleyball rules were slightly modified by the International YMCA Training School and the game spread around the country to various...
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...in the Olympic Games. Table of Contents Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….page 1 Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………………………………………………page 2 List of Tables and Figures………………………………………………………………………………………………….page 3 Chapter I: Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………page 4 Chapter II: Review of Literature Chapter III: Research Methodology Chapter IV: Results Chapter V: Discussion and Conclusions References Appendices Tables and Figures Chapter I: Introduction This purpose of this study will pertain to whether the use of professional athletes from American sports leagues in the Olympic Games is a good or bad idea. Currently, players from the National Hockey League (NHL), National Basketball Association (NBA), Major League Soccer (MLS), Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA) and the Professional Golfers Association (PGA TOUR) are allowed to participate in the Summer and Winter Olympic Games by their respective leagues. There are many problems that have arisen from the allowance of professionals in the Olympics. They range from injuries to star players, financial impacts on the leagues, shutdown of schedules to accommodate the Olympics, competitive disadvantages for some countries, and not enough exposure for the American leagues on a global scale. In this study, I will look at whether the professional sports leagues in the United States should reconsider using their athletes in the Olympics. I want to see if the Olympics have really...
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...HISTORY The history of the development of modern badminton is a very long and complex one. Below is a brief account of the history of the game. Origins of the Game The sport of badminton has its origins in ancient civilizations in Europe and Asia. The ancient game known as battledore (bat or paddle) and shuttlecock probably originated more than 2000 years ago. In the 1600s Battledore and Shuttlecock was an upper class pastime in England and many European countries. Battledore and Shuttlecock was simply two people hitting a shuttlecock backwards and forwards with a simple bat as many times as they could without allowing it to hit the ground. Badminton House Badminton takes its name from Badminton House - home of the Duke of Beaufort in the English county of Gloucestershire. In 1873, the Duke is credited with bringing a version of the game – Poona - back from India and introducing it to his guests. Getting organised The sport quickly grew in popularity and in 1877 the first set of written rules were devised by the newly formed Bath Badminton Club. The Badminton Federation of England was created 16 years later and in 1899 it organised the first All England Championships. Olympic history Badminton made its debut as a demonstration sport at the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich. It was not until the 1992 Games in Barcelona that it was officially included on the Olympic programme, with men’s and women’s singles and doubles events. The mixed doubles event made its debut in...
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...Although it used to be thought as a pride for the host country to hold the Olympic Games, the consideration whether the cost of the Olympic Games outweighs the actual benefits brought to the host country is becoming increasingly more common among the public throughout the world. This essay is going to discuss about the cost and benefits that the host country may obtain by holding the Olympic Games. The negative influence caused by the Olympics may include the enormous financial cost and the passive social impact, while the host country is provided an opportunity to build up country status as well as to help the city renewal. First of all, the Olympics cost the host country an enormous amount of money to hold the game, which may then lead to...
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