...Although it used to be thought as a pride for the host country to hold the Olympic Games, the consideration whether the cost of the Olympic Games outweighs the actual benefits brought to the host country is becoming increasingly more common among the public throughout the world. This essay is going to discuss about the cost and benefits that the host country may obtain by holding the Olympic Games. The negative influence caused by the Olympics may include the enormous financial cost and the passive social impact, while the host country is provided an opportunity to build up country status as well as to help the city renewal. First of all, the Olympics cost the host country an enormous amount of money to hold the game, which may then lead to...
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...framework that categorizes environmental influences as political, economic, social-cultural and technological forces. All these factors are beyond the control of the company and it plays an important role in determining the success of the company. Applying this analysis can be conducted on each company, whether large or small to allow companies to compete and survive much longer. The use of PEST analysis can be seen effective for business and strategic planning, marketing planning, business and product development and research reports. PEST also ensures that company’s performance is aligned positively with the powerful forces of change that are affecting business environment. When a company decides to enter its business operations into new markets and new countries, PEST analysis are very useful. Furthermore, the results can then be used to take advantage of opportunities and to make contingency plans for threats when preparing business and strategic plans. Observation over the strategic possibilities open to Yeo Hiap Seng Company (Yeo’s) has been conducted using PEST analysis technique. The Yeo’s is involved principally in the production, marketing and sale of food, beverages and sweetened condensed milk locally and internationally. This company has used PEST analysis technique in order to have an effective and success business. Politics is one of the main aspects of PEST analysis. This factor refers to the political situation in the country. This is the most important aspect...
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... Events are not restricted to festive celebrations but can include a variety of gatherings, serious or happy, and religious or cultural, including meetings and conferences, expositions and trade shows, private and public special events, art entertainment and sport events, media or corporate events, and events of various sizes. Events are given a lot of definitions but the most general one that characterizes events is “Temporary occurrence with a predetermined beginning and end. It is unique stemming from the blend of management, programme setting and people.” (Getz, 2005). On the following report there is a wide overview of the sport events sector, that will examine the history and development, the factors that support this sector, the impacts of these events, career opportunities that will arise through this sector and future trends. History and Development Sport reflects the country in which it is played, so inevitably the history of sport in Britain, as it developed in the twentieth century, illustrates a class system, particularly with regard to professionalism. During the late 19th century and early 20th century associations were created in Britain dedicated to each sport. Rules were set up and official leagues were formed. The players/competitors were amateurs. This means that they were not paid for providing their athletic...
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...China after the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games Abstract Mega events have intrigued the academia because of the huge impact they have on the host countries. Not only do mega events catalyse urban regeneration, they also have the ability to command international media’s attention. Furthermore, nations have been known to use mega events such as the Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup, and World Fair to rebuild image and draw in tourists to serve the economic development of the region. While the Olympics are one of the most studied mega events, most of them emphasise on the Western perspective probably because only three out of twenty-six Summer Games have been held in Asia. The most recent one is the 2008 Beijing Olympics, which is the focus of this research. In particular, this study aims to explore China’s image change after the event and the influencing factors that contribute to the change. One’s perception and image change are emotional and subjective; therefore, this research can gain a better insight through qualitative approach. Twenty participants from sixteen countries were recruited and interviewed for 20-30 minutes regarding the Beijing Olympics and related news around that time. The findings showed that China achieved moderate success in rebuilding its image in the economic and technological aspects. Many interviewees were impressed by its organising ability and modernisation. However, China failed to change its image through the Olympics when human rights violations...
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...A critical examination of the economic governance mechanisms in the London region and its capacity to achieve sustainable economic development within a depressed global economy. This essay will attempt to examine and analyse the economic governance mechanism operating within the London Region and evaluate and explore the impact that a depressed global economy has had on the London regions capacity to (i) achieve sustainable economic development and (ii) achieve competitive economic development. This will be achieved by focusing on the impact of (i) global (ii) European and (iii) the London regions economic governance mechanisms and their impact on London’s capacity to achieve sustainable and competitive economic development. The economic governance mechanism used in London is complex and multi-faceted. Economic development of the London region is driven by many contributors mainly the thirty three boroughs which make up the geographical landscape, Greater London Authority, Background London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and is made up of thirty three boroughs. The spatial structure of London is the city of London which is a square mile in the centre of the area and Greater London are the surrounding areas. London is unique as it houses the main seat of government and is: the most populated urban region Six London boroughs: Hackney, Newham, Tower Hamlets, Islington, Waltham Forest and Barking and Dagenham are in the top ten most deprived Boroughs in...
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...public relations firm to work on the 2008 Beijing Olympics. The Chinese government felt it was necessary to hire a Western public relations firm for the 2008 Beijing Olympics in an effort to create a positive country image. Creating this positive image also included reducing human rights concerns that were being addressed by groups such as Darfur and Tibet. The public image of China could have negatively influenced international consumers’ attitudes and purchasing intentions for certain products and brands. The issues unfolding in China were going to be put under a microscope and magnified as media attention shifted to China because of the Olympics. The hot button issues called for more skilled and experienced public relations firms. Many believed that China did not deserve to host the 2008 Olympics. Lee (2010) wrote that supporters of World Peace advocated that China is contrary to the Olympic ideal, because there is no respect for individualism, the rule of law, or human rights and there is still evidence of summary executions taking place. China needed to change this image. The use of a well-received Olympic image would help to enhance and homogenize the perception of China on the international stage (Lee, 2010). The presented a great opportunity for China to show the current state of economic, cultural, social, and political development in China. Protests in Tibet and growing protests along the route of the Olympic Torch Relay caused the Chinese government to seek...
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...WHAT ARE THE ISSUES OF WORLDWIDE EVENTS ON A COUNTRY ? The exemple of Brazil with the World Cup and the Olympic Games Globalization Seminar – September 2014 GROUPE 36 - PARIS Maxime BEURRIER, Lauriane CORBIN, Aurore GUILLON, Yuan GUO, Benjamin FERRE It is used to say that "the surfer is wonderful when he is standing up on his board". Brazil is one of these surfers since the early 90s. Expected to become a major world power, the country has moreover the opportunity to shine in front of the world by organizing successively world wild events in less than five years. It had never been given to a country the opportunity to receive such big events, especially in such a short period: the World Youth Day (WYD), the Confederations Cup, the Football World Cup in 2014 and finally the Olympic Games in 2016. After China, who organizes Beijing Olympics games in 2008, Brazil is now pursuing his prodigious road on the top of the wave. The organisation of these worldwide events is a great opportunity to consolidate its influence in the world but also the risk of eventually falling off from his surfing-board, into the water. After the competition among several countries in order to obtain the right to host these events, each slightest actions of the winner are scrutinized by the whole world. Today, the occurrence of events involving all the nations of the world highlights the globalization characteristics. Indeed, for one summer, many countries meet around a single place, a single goal,...
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...in two parts: a discussion of implications for the practice of event management and tourism, and implications are drawn for advancing theory in event tourism. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Event tourism; Definitions; Theory; Research 1. Introduction Events are an important motivator of tourism, and figure prominently in the development and marketing plans of most destinations. The roles and impacts of planned events within tourism have been well documented, and are of increasing importance for destination competitiveness. Yet it was only a few decades ago that ‘event tourism’ became established in both the tourism industry and in the research community, so that subsequent growth of this sector can only be described as spectacular. Equally, ‘event management’ is a fast growing professional field in which tourists constitute a potential market for planned events and the tourism industry has become a vital stakeholder in their success and attractiveness. But not all events need to be tourism oriented, and some fear the potential negative impacts...
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...‘‘The positive impacts of mega events are often exaggerated’. Mega events provide organisers with a unique opportunity to modify the international image of the host country. They also provide impressions of host countries to direct spectators, television viewers and additional indirect audiences. Mega events offer the opportunity to project a desired image of a host country going far beyond the event itself, enabling a country to communicate assets that can be attractive for tourists. Getz, (1998), p.242 defines mega events as “Planned occurrences of limited duration which have an extraordinary impact on the host area in terms of one or more of the following: tourist volumes; visitor expenditures; publicity leading to a heightened awareness and a more positive image; related infrastructural and organisational developments which substantially increase the destination’s capacity and attractiveness”. Although the notion of events has been known for a long time, it is their scale and strategic use in late modern society that make them appealing for host places, media, researchers, visitors and others. Especially in tourism, mega events have attracted considerable interest. Roche (1994:1) states that ‘mega events are short term events with long term consequences for the cities that stage them’. Most of the numerous studies which have already been conducted on the nature of tourism determinants, such as that of Solberg and Preuss (2006), have found that the hosting of mega events...
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...Impacts 08 Team Dr Beatriz García, Director Tamsin Cox, Interim Programme Manager Sonia McEwan, Programme Assistant Document Reference: Impacts 08 – Langen & Garcia (May 2009) Measuring Impacts of Cultural Events Measuring the Impacts of Large Scale Cultural Events: A Literature Review May 2009 Report by Floris Langen (University of Glasgow) and Beatriz Garcia (Impacts 08) Impacts 08 is a joint programme of the University of Liverpool and Liverpool John Moores University Commissioned by Liverpool City Council Impacts 08 – Langen & Garcia | Measuring Impacts of Cultural Events | May 2009 Table of Contents 1. Summary ........................................................................................................................................................ 3 2. Introduction: measuring the impacts of large scale cultural events ................................................................ 3 3. Major cultural festivals and events ................................................................................................................. 3 4. Cultural mega events ..................................................................................................................................... 5 5. European Capitals of Culture ......................................................................................................................... 7 6. Discussion .....................................................................................
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...better plans for holding an event in a recommended place. The project is to deliver services according to the required specifications in the tender as required by the company(Mcginn, 2008, pp. 110-115). a) Inspired Facilities This involves the availability and the ease of individual as being part of the local community activities and being part of the volunteer groups as a way of improving and developing of clubs, and at the same time modify the non supporting events int o modern sporting facilities(Matthews, 1996, pp. 35-50). b) Iconic Facilities This was developed dependimg on the basis of the London 2012 inspiratioal extract extract as a way of improving the local upcoming teams from the grassroot sports(Masterman, 2004, pp. 45-50). c) d) K e) K f) Hhhbaahdvhd 1. Protecting Playing Field 2. The most common Place people Play Olympic legacy mass are the Sports England’s funding programmes which the government invested over 10million of the lotter fundings over 3years as a way of benefiting the community yhat was between 2011-2014 (Jordan, 2011, pp....
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...PESTEL Analysis 5 Porters Five Forces 6 Appendix 1: PESTEL Analysis 7 Political & Legal 7 Economic 8 Social/Cultural 9 Technological 10 Environmental 11 Appendix 2: Tables & Graphs 12 Appendix A 12 Appendix B 12 Appendix C 13 Appendix D 13 Appendix E 14 Appendix F 14 Appendix G 15 Appendix H 15 Appendix I 16 References 17 Introduction This report aims to analyse the online travel agency industry in the United Kingdom (UK). It does so using a variety of techniques: 1. Offering a global view of the industry across four chosen countries – China, India, United States and the UK 2. PESTEL analysis – a summary is included in this executive summary, with the full analysis as an appendix at the back. 3. Porter’s 5 Forces analysis The online travel industry in the UK has been established for some years now and is reaching maturity. As it reaches maturity, the rapid growth it saw leading up to this point will cease to continue. This will increase competition and make it increasingly difficult to operate an agency. This economic climate will cause further difficulties for online travel agents as consumers look to find value for their money, and spend time seeking the lowest price. In saying that there are enormous opportunities on the technological front with m-commerce beginning to come to fruition. In addition, the industry is beginning to see the benefits of marketing through social media and this should play an important role in the future viability...
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...Strategic Planning for Tourism and Leisure By Ahmad Maez Al Zuned Student ID: 119148785 BSc (Hon’s) International Tourism and Hospitality Management Final Stage University of Sunderland London Campus August 2012 Contents Abbreviations List 4 Introduction 5 Theoretical Framework 5- 6 Tourism in a Destination 6-10 The Need for Tourism Planning 12-17 Approaches of Tourism Planning 18 Five Approaches of Tourism Planning 19-23 The Practice of Tourism Planning: A Case Study of Kenya 24- 29 Recommendations ...
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...Impact of Festivals and Events on a Destination Introduction Events and festivals can be described as the most exciting and fastest growing industry related to leisure, business and travel. These special attractions have a purpose and objective, which in turn, have impacts on host communities, participants and other stakeholders who as Getz puts it, are “impacted” by the outcomes of events (1993). In recent decades, a substantial amount of research has been carried out to examine the impacts of tourism on a destination and, to a lesser extent, events and festivals. Through this work, both positive and negative impacts of events and festivals on a destination have been discovered. Indeed, it is the expected benefits of events, whether economic, social, political or environmental, that is the principal drive underpinning the support for and increasing popularity of events and festivals at the local, national and international scale. Getz also believes that “local and regional events, including business events and conferences can increase visitation and expenditure, reduce seasonality, revitalize the economy, encourage repeat visitation and heighten regional awareness. Added to this, events and festivals can also provide the stimulus for additional infrastructure development in the local area and building community pride” (1993). On the other hand, events almost inevitably incur cost or have negative consequences that, to a lesser or greater extent, serve to reduce one’s net benefit...
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...Ayesha Savage 21666 Yinka Adegbola 27576 Michal Milewski 29201 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION: 3 2. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS 3 3. EXTERNAL ANALYSIS OF MACRO ENVIRONMENT 4 4. MICRO ENVIRONMENT (Porter 5 forces) 5 5. SWOT MODEL 5 5.1 Strengths 5 5.2 Weaknesses 6 5.3 Opportunities 7 5.4 Threats 7 6. CHALLENGES 7 7. MARKETING INFORMATION 7 8. CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT PLAN 8 9. POTENTIAL STRATEGIC OPTIONS FOR VISIT BRITAIN 8 10. RECOMMENDATIONS WITH JUSTIFICATION OF THE CHOSEN STRATEGIC OPTIONS 9 11. MARKETING MIX 9 References 18 1. INTRODUCTION: As a marketing consultancy team, we have been asked to review the current marketing plan of Visit Britain that was put together by an inexperienced marketing team. Visit Britain is a large tourist organisation, whose aims is to increase inbound tourism in Great Britain and to improve Britain’s ranking in the eyes of international travellers but also to expand the tourism industry. (VisitBritain, 2013) This report will require a Marketing This audit will critically analyse the current plan, it will identify areas that needs improvement on the plan also recommending strategies and tactics that can help Visit Britain to achieve their objectives with justification. This report will explore the macro environment, the micro environment and the internal environment of visit Britain...
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