...>>> español INTRODUCTION THEORY OF MODERNIZATION THEORY OF DEPENDENCY THEORY OF WORLD-SYSTEMS THEORY OF GLOBALIZATION A MODO DE COLOFON BIBLIOGRAPHY NOTES 1. Introduction The main objective of this document is to synthesize the main aspects of the four major theories of development: modernization, dependency, world-systems and globalization. These are the principal theoretical explanations to interpret development efforts carried out especially in the developing countries. These theoretical perspectives allow us not only to clarify concepts, to set them in economic and social perspectives, but also to identify recommendations in terms of social policies. For the purposes of this paper, the term development is understood as a social condition within a nation, in which the authentic needs of its population are satisfied by the rational and sustainable use of natural resources and systems. This utilization of natural resources is based on a technology, which respects the cultural features of the population of a given country. This general definition of development includes the specification that social groups have access to organizations, basic services such as education, housing, health services, and nutrition, and above all else, that their cultures and traditions are respected within the social framework of a particular country. In economic terms, the aforementioned definition indicates that for the population of a country, there are...
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...Week1. Introducing Economic Development: A Global Perspective & Comparative Economic Development Absolute Poverty: a situation of being unable to meet the minimum levels of income, food, clothing, healthcare, shelter and other essentials. (over 40% of the world’s population lives on less than 2 dollar per day). Subsistence Economy: an economy in which production is mainly for personal consumption and the standard of living yields little more than basic necessities of life—food, shelter and clothing. (A subsistence economy is a non-monetary economy which relies on natural resources to provide for basic needs, through hunting, gathering, and subsistence agriculture. "Subsistence" means supporting oneself at a minimum level; in a subsistence economy, economic surplus is minimal and only used to trade for basic goods, and there is no industrialization.) Development：The process of improving the quality of all human lives and capabilities by raising people’s levels of living, self-esteem, and freedom. Developing countries: Countries of Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Latin America, eastern Europe, and the former Soviet Union, that are presently characterized by low levels of living and other development deficits. Used in the development literature as a synonym for less developed countries. Traditional economics: An approach to economics that emphasize utility, profit maximization, market efficiency, and determination of equilibrium. Political economy:...
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...impact of SEEDS in the implementation of MDGs in Nigeria Analyze the impact of Globalization on the economic Development of Nigeria The incidence of the Niger Delta militants groups and its consequences to entrepreneurial development in Nigeria Evaluate the power, composition and functions of NDDC Assess the impact of the multinationals in the Nigerian Economy with regard to FDI and FPI Youths and entrepreneurial Development: Realty or Myth Evaluate the implementation of MDGs and the realization of the objectives by 2015. The effect of entrepreneurial development on poverty reduction The impact of privatization on Nigerian economic development and growth. Evaluate the impact of different reforms in the Nigerian reforms on the Nigeria economy. Women entrepreneurial development (WED) and poverty: what a paradox The impact of women entrepreneurs in SMEs on poverty alleviation Evaluate the cultural factors in Nigeria and entrepreneurial development. Evaluate the financial factors in Nigeria and entrepreneurial development. Evaluate the environmental factors in Nigeria and entrepreneurial development. Gender, entrepreneurship and globalization: Barriers and prospects. Intrapreneurship and achievement of organizational objectives Evaluate intrapreneurship as a motivational concept in an organization Assess the impact of entrepreneurship and youth development. Assess the functions and activities of Nigerian Opportunities Industrialization Centre and National Office...
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...RURAL DEVELOPMENT CHUPICAL SHOLLAH MANUEL The term ‘community participation’ has recently come to play a central role in the discourse of rural development practitioners and policy makers. At the same time, people’s interpretations of the term and criticisms of other people’s interpretations have multiplied, and the intentions and results of much participation in practice have been questioned or even denounced (Booth, 2005) and Cornwall, 2004). Community participation as a methodology has become a “buzzword” and at its base has become a cornerstone for every developmental project in developing countries. According to Fung (2002), participation is the active involvement of the community, particularly the disadvantaged groups such as women, children, elderly, disabled and the poorest of the poor, in the decision making, planning, implementation, and evaluation of their own development activities The concept of community participation however, has remained a contested terrain. This paper considers participation in development programmes and assesses its relevance both in theory and practice. A definition of development and community participation will give a clear insight of the applicability of the methodology. The essay also stresses the strengths and weaknesses of the approach with the aid of case studies from developing nations. The concept of community participation in development became the common currency of exchange in development discourse in the 1970s and since...
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...Abstract preview Global Sourcing Development at IKEA – a Case Study Paper prepared for the 25th IMP conference Jens Hultman1, Susanne Hertz1, Rhona Johnsen2, Thomas Johnsen2 1: Jönköping International Business School, P.O Box 1026, SE-551 11 SWEDEN E-mail: jens.hultman@ihh.hj.se, susanne.hertz@ihh.hj.se Tel: +46 0(36) 10 10 00 2: Audencia Nantes School of Management, 8 Route de la Joneliere, BP 31222 – 44312 Nantes Cedex 3, France. E-mail: tjohnsen@audencia.com; rjohnsen@audencia.com Tel: + 33 (0)240 37 46 25 Abstract This study explores the dynamic process of global sourcing development through a case study of the Swedish home furnishing giant IKEA and its supply network concerning the PAX wardrobe system. The paper provides a synthesis of the existing global sourcing literature by dividing this growing body of research into three major themes: globalization processes and stages, motives/drivers, and organizational design and management. Moreover, the paper integrates the global sourcing literature with the established literature on the internationalization process of firms. Comparing the existing research on global sourcing and internationalization, we propose two research questions focused on: (1) the ways in which the IKEA global sourcing and supply chain development process resembles a linear stages process, and (2) the principal drivers of the development of global sourcing within IKEA. Relating the findings of the global sourcing process in the case of IKEA, the paper...
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...“A team is a group of people holding themselves collectively accountable for using complementary skills to achieve a common purpose”. Group development: Stages of team development: 1. Forming stage: “The forming focuses around the initial entry of members of a team”. In this stage team members ask questions to each other. In this stage team members are in the process of getting familiar with each other. During the forming stage of Christine’s team, Diane, Janet, Steve and mike came across each other for the first time. Diane is the one who is quiet but has very good ideas in the mind if when asked. Mike is a funny and relaxed guy. Steve is a business minded person, he is always makes sure that the meeting was productive. Janet is the matured one, she always puts in more efforts. Christine is the one who is organized and tried to give her best. 2. Storming stage: “The storming stage is one of high emotionality and tension among team members”. In this stage team members experience many changes. Individuals may have clashes between each other. They try to impose their opinions on the group. Everyone tries to attain a special position for themselves in the group. The team members feel very pressurized due to the expectations. Conflicts may rise at this stage. I think Christine’s team is that storming stage. Because she has not developed a comfortable relation with Mike. Mike always avoids attending the meeting and he hardly works on his assignment. Here Christine should lead...
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...Case Study of Human Development Development throughout life differs from individual to individual. Each person has their own agenda for cultural identity, growth, health, socioeconomic status, education, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and all inspire each person’s life story. Adulthood is frequently observed as when an individual is considered officially and developmentally prepared to hold responsibilities such as driving, voting, getting married, and entering the military. The course of becoming mature does not finish with adolescence but remains throughout adulthood as psychological, security and self-actualization requirements are met (Ehow, 1999-2011). Adulthood is separated into three categories, which are young adulthood, middle age and old age. In Erik Erikson's stages of human development, a young adult is an individual between the ages of 19 and 39. The early adulthood period in human development leads the middle adulthood phase. An individual in the middle adulthood stage is between 40 and 60 years old. An individual in their 60’s is considered late adulthood. During early adulthood the young adult phase includes the personal necessity for sex and intimacy. Isolation happens when an individual fails to achieve intimacy. The young adult finds out that love and compassion may help them to obtain what they desire. And when we don't find it easy to create satisfying relationships, our world can begin to shrink as, in defense, we can feel...
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...In child development I’m studying Eliza, Eliza was 2years and 2months when we did the introductory visit. She’s about 2”9 which is just about the right height for her age group, in terms of weight she’s 12.60kg. She’s got slightly chubby cheeks, along with a round face like her mother. Her hands and feet are similar to her fathers. She’s got brown eyes and brown hair, which complements her very light brown skin. Eliza’s usually caught in colourful clothing and black polish shoes. Eliza has a wild personality, she loves to get attention from everyone in the room seeing as she lives in a house with many people and is the youngest she does get the attention. However, she does become very shy sometimes were she will not even utter a word. She’s...
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...New Trends in Training and Development: A Model Essay The main reasons for the rapidly growing demand for training and development are for self-enrichment and survival in response to the chaos of the current workplace. Employees are realizing that the knowledge and skills they acquired in college are becoming obsolete, and they need to constantly stay flexible, marketable, and competitive. Japanese companies are as committed as ever to workers training; and skill development. This will be helpful in combining over all organizational growth along with personal growth, which enabled fulfillment to the individual as well as the organization. Training used to be focused more on enabling an employee to perform his/her current job effectively and efficiently and the evaluation used to be based on whether it contributes to current strategic goals. Wachovia Corporation assesses the impact of training on the business performance of the company through meeting the expectations of the top management; development of evaluation strategy and data collection plans, improvement of work performance. The New Zealand's Advertising Guru states, "The single biggest waste of training dollars is when management spends money on training but doesn't understand why." He further quotes that "Investing in skills isn't something enterprises should do because someone tells them to, but because it's central to their future success." In the modern era as globalization and competition increase training systems...
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...1. Executive summary This report finds the employee training and development program in Jiangnan Group Limited is not functioning good enough to help achieve the company goals. The major areas of weakness require further investigation and remedial action by management are company too rely on manpower, traditional training programs can be too costly and often too time-consuming, continually increase manufacturing cost by China’s current Five-Year-Plan (2011-15) of minimum wage and the rising value of the RMB raise the production cost and made the goods more costly to ship. To resolve the problems the following recommendations are proposed: * Review existing T&D programs to ensure they address MCO Competency Gaps and Leadership Talent Pool needs. * Revise/upgrade existing T&D programs to improve competencies and/or add ‘new’ ones * Develop new T&D Programs to identify necessary or additional resources (outside vendors, partnering arrangement with other agencies, budget/resources needs and availability, etc.) * By using E-training system, Jiangnan Group Limited is able to train employees stationed remotely, without having to regard geographic or language barriers. * Establishing a new manufacturing facility in South Africa to benefit from the growth in South Africa and its surrounding countries. * Also save cost from establishing a new manufacturing facility in South Africa * Using robots to replace manpower * Adopt E-training for...
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...THE PATTERNS OF SUCCESS IN PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT KIVANC UNCU Applied Business Research And Communication Skills Dr. Peggy Bilbruck June 21, 2014 ABSTRACT Getting a successful result in product development can be considered a typical purpose for any R&D business. The purpose of the paper is to make a good solution the differences of success at R&D project levels. Using the verification from industrial example, the paper shows that the sophistication of the concept of achievement in product development. The paper finalizes that there is often just an indefinite correlation between aspects of R&D success –financial, technical and project management. The main idea of the paper is on the development of investment products for the paper industry. Keywords: R&D success, product development, Performance measurement INTRODUCTION Industrial research and development (R&D) uses science and technology to create new things or it improves products or processes for profit making companies. Product development, which is a very important part of R&D, can see the situations that are expected to improve a company’s competitive advantage and increase future success in periods. R&D management has been an essential point with the increase in investments. At the same time, performance measurement also has been an important contribution to increase of product development. Comparably, the research usually has been used a theory by companies instead...
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...1. Introduction Over the last three years the focus of the information technology industry has moved towards development for the World Wide Web (WWW). Information systems using WWW technology, delivered by an Intranet or via the Internet, are now prevalent throughout New Zealand and overseas. Within New Zealand, a wide variety of organisations are deploying information systems onto the WWW, including banks, government departments and other service providers. They are using the WWW as a strategic business tool, supporting their existing operations or providing a low-cost solution for delivering a new product or service line. 1.1 Proposition and Aims There is an abundance of information on the graphical and user interface aspects of WWW site design. In addition, a large body of knowledge has been developed in the area of software development methodologies. However, there has been very little research conducted to examine if these existing research methodologies are applicable to the information systems developed for the WWW. The WWW is a technologically dynamic environment, and presents new challenges for developers. In order to address the emerging WWW environment, a number of researchers have proposed software development methodologies specifically for the WWW. Consequently, the aim of this research was to investigate how organisations are currently developing WWW-based information systems, and the reasons why those methods are being used. This examination is important...
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...Marketing strategy defined as a set of marketing goals, which target markets and describes how you will go about positioning the business to achieve advantage over your competitors (Brandly, 2002). Whether you are introducing a new product to the market or entering a new market with an existing product, a coherent market entry strategy is necessary because business needs to evaluate any barriers to entry. This essay explains market strategies would take to enter into new market system. These strategies are as follows, licensing, joint ventures, low price strategy and quality strategy, product adaptation strategy and time strategy. To begin with, licensing strategy is defined as the method of foreign operation whereby a firm in one country agrees to permit a company in another country to use the manufacturing, processing, trademark, know-how or some other skill provided by the licensor( Basche,2004 ). Coca Cola is an excellent example of licensing. In Malawi, Southern Bottlers have the licence to make Coke. Licensing involves little expense and involvement the only cost is signing the agreement and policing its implementation. Licensing gives the following advantages, good way to start in foreign operations and open the door to low risk manufacturing relationships, linkage of parent and receiving partner interests’ means both get most out of marketing effort (Brandly, 2002). However licensing is important as a strategy to penetrate into new market but it has its limitations such...
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...Question 1.) Using the model found on page 194, evaluate Allstate’s goal-setting process. How does it work? Allstate uses a development program with four basic steps to help motivate their employees. Diversity is one of the company’s competitive advantages, and consequently, their challenges are how to sustain their advantage and increase performance. The steps of the program is clear, easy to follow, and easy to achieve. The plan consists of succession programming, developing employees, measuring results, and lastly, accountability and offering rewards or assistance to employees to achieve the goals. Some of the moderators that can be identified with the Allstate’s goal-setting process is the training and development tools they offer to employees...
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...CIS 518 Week 6 Case Study 1 Generative Software Development Click below link for answer http://workbank247.com/q/cis-518-week-6-case-study-1-case-study-1-generativ/3603 http://workbank247.com/q/cis-518-week-6-case-study-1-case-study-1-generativ/3603 Case Study 1: Generative Software Development This assignment consists of two (2) sections: a written report and a PowerPoint presentation. You must submit the two (2) sections as separate files for the completion of this assignment. Label each file name according to the section of the assignment it is written for. Section 1: Written Report Read the case study titled, “Generative Software Development” located in Chapter 5 of the textbook. Then, imagine a situation where your organization is considering a generative development process for its new line of software products. You are asked to present a written report to the organization’s CIO about generative software development and its usage. Write a five to six (5-6) page paper in which you: 1. Define in your own words, what is meant by generative software development, and describe how it contrasts with other software development processes. 2. Describe the benefits of applying the generative development in an organization. 3. Explain the challenges of implementing the generative software development process in an organization. 4. Describe how the challenges faced during the implementation of the generative software development process can be overcome. 5...
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