...course and controls its quality. Descriptive information of the course includes information like when, how and where to contact the teacher or professor, a schedule of the test dates, outline of the things that will be covered in a course, classroom rules, and grading policies. A syllabus is necessary along with the curriculum because it serves the purpose of an understanding between the students and their teachers. The grading policies, the classroom rules, the expectation of teachers from students, and the expectation of a particular subject matter being covered by the teacher are all a part of the syllabus. By looking at the syllabus, a student can choose very early in the course if that subject is attractive enough for the student or not. A syllabus is also very useful in making the curriculum more efficient. For example, it also includes: contact information for the teachers, their email, phone information, etc.; the materials required like textbooks, recommended books, lab vouchers; important dates like exam dates, test dates, etc. Syllabi are of many different types. One of them being “notional-functional.” “Notional-functional” refers to organizing a curriculum which is “language-learning.” It...
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...ETT4/5 - Effective Teaching Practices: Instructional Presentation and Follow-Up Course of Study Your competence for this course of study will be assessed as you complete the 10 tasks that make up the ETT4/5 performance assessment and the EIO4/5 objective assessment. Introduction Welcome to Effective Teaching Practices. Effective teaching depends on effective planning. Teachers need to devote systematic thought to what they want students to learn and to how students will best acquire knowledge and skills. You will learn how to select, develop, and evaluate instructional materials as well as strategies to use to accomplish specific learning goals. You will plan for effective instruction, and then implement those plans. Interactive teaching includes appropriately responding to all of the details that emerge during the presentation of lessons. Teaching is a process. Teachers plan lessons and then present them. They use information about the lesson presentation to make appropriate changes to improve both student achievement and lesson presentation. Outcomes and Evaluations There are 10 competencies covered by this course of study; they are listed in the "Competencies for Effective Teaching Practices: Instructional Presentation and Follow-Up (ETT4/5)" page. The list of competencies is a good overview of precisely what you will know and be able to do at the conclusion of this course of study and demonstrate through assessment. Teaching Dispositions Statement Please review the...
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...This essay will aim to look at how curriculum and assessment are being operated in two different early years settings. The settings under examination are 3-5 year olds and 5-8 year olds. We will start with the definitions of curriculum and assessment and the relationships between them. After that, I will explore similarities and differences between approaches to curriculum and assessment in the two settings. Curriculum is an integrated system drawing together every element for learning and teaching, including learning outcomes, learning areas, teaching strategies, evaluation and assessment to help with children’s learning progression (MacLachlan, Fleer& Edwards, 2010). Curriculum refers to “all the experiences, activities and events, whether direct or indirect, which occur within an environment designed to foster children’s learning and development” (Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations [DEEWR], 1996). Early childhood educators regard ‘the curriculum’ as a guidance of learning instructions and assessment (Baxter, 2012). A good curriculum can offer the expert guidance, evidence of effectiveness and flexibility. It enables early childhood educators to draw upon a comprehensive view of early years education linked to their own observations and experiences; therefore educators set up and modify learning programs accordingly and timely (Early Childhood Australia, 2013). Assessment can be described as the process of finding out what children know, understand...
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...Introduction Contemporary curriculum approaches in early childhood education stress the magnitude of making available to the young children experiences that foster holistic development and promote positive attitudes. They should also be developmentally appropriate to the life and learning of the young children. Early childhood teachers therefore must acquire the knowledge necessary to implement and develop child centered curriculum practices that inherently stimulate and motivate the young ones desire to become engaged in their own learning. The realistic goals is to help a child achieve intellectual growth, develop a positive self concept, increase competence in skills in writing, reading, thinking, listening and speaking and to increase skills involved in physical coordination. It also helps a child to enlarge his world of experiences, ideas, things and people. These help the child to increase competence in dealing with emotional feelings, social situations, self direction and independence (Little, 1979). Working with Pre-K age group children, calls for good class practices. Pre k/Pre kindergarten, being the first formal academic classroom-based learning environment that a child customarily attends, begins between the ages of 3-5 depending on how long the program is. It combines the focus to harvest a child’s cognitive, social, physical and emotional developments. This means it reflects an understanding of child development principles providing opportunities for the children...
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...for standards-based curriculum is more than knowing and understanding state and district standards; posting objectives, standards, or learning goals in the classroom; referencing standards in lesson plans; covering concepts or following a teacher’s manual claimed to follow state standards. Instead, it is about consistently and effectively developing lessons with activities designed to meet the needs of all students. Standards Based Curriculum The foundational reason supporting national and state standards efforts is the quality of students that schools are producing as graduates. This could potentially be an effect of content and expectancies for students in identical classes and grade levels differ immensely within and across schools, districts, and states. A standards based curriculum is curriculum that is developed using district, state, and/or national standards; pinpointing the skills, knowledge, and understandings that students show exhibit to meet these standards and identifying activities that will enable students to reach standard mastery. Curriculum design starts with the standards and once they are unpacked, the activities to meet them are developed. With the standards-based curriculum movement, curriculum is now much simpler and condensed in which the content is significantly effected by high-stakes tests (GCU, 2010). Instructional Practices Teachers are mandated to teach standards and to make connections between standards-based curriculum and the planning/designing...
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...DPE and Goal Instruction Amber Castro SPE-531 5/3/15 DPE and Goal Instruction A more generally detailed form of an IEP is the diagnostic, prescriptive, evaluative approach (DPE). The DPE approach can be utilized when planning lessons, in any degree of relevance from general curriculum proposals to current measures. The DPE approach identifies a student’s skills and abilities, identifying accomplishment of certain goals and assigning additional practical goals. The idea of diagnosis is to produce a precise, efficient instruction by reflecting upon a student’s strengths and weaknesses. Although goal analysis, development, and application can be exalted notions to ponder, without having an awareness of what and how to instruct, these notions are futile. According to Thomas (1996), the DPE approach, is a form of teaching that aides students with intellectual disabilities (ID) in attaining achievement and self-sufficiency. Simultaneously paired, goal instructional analysis and life goal planning is also an essential part of the DPE approach. The DPE approach reviews lesson development, allocating instruction into practicable fragments specified for an individual student, which delivers the essential educational accommodativeness to establish effective results. To commence, educators must establish a student’s level of ability, strengths, and weaknesses, and then formulate a plan which enables educators to frequently track and monitor student growth. Students with ID...
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...Comprehension of Iranian Students Nasser Rashidi Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Email: Nrashidi@rose.shirazu.ac.ir Farman Faham Shiraz University, Iran Abstract—The influence of music on language learning and performance has been the subject of study for many years. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of classical music (Mozart Sonata) on the reading comprehension performance of two groups of Iranian students in an English institute in Iran. To this end, the study compared two groups of Iranian English students (N=60) over a period of three months: one was taught reading comprehension with a music background and the other with no music background whatsoever. The results of the study showed a significant difference between the performance of the group exposed to music and the performance of the other group not exposed to music. The group taught reading comprehension with a music background outperformed the other taught it with no music background. Index Terms—reading comprehension, music, background music, classical music, Mozart sonata I. INTRODUCTION The use of music as a tool by language teachers to teach foreign languages has been the center of attention to researchers for many years. That is why in the literature we can see different, but mostly positive comments concerning the effectiveness of music in language learning and performance. It has been stated that music can contribute to acquiring the linguistic skills such as reading, writing...
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...ED 681: Assignment 2 Interview with Curriculum Specialist Beth Foster July 2, 2015 I had the pleasure of interviewing Laura Espinosa, Elementary Science Resource Teacher, Anne Arundel County Public Schools (AACPS). Part A: Interview Questions 1. What is your current position, and what is your role with respect to curriculum planning, development, and/or implementation for your school system? I am the AACPS Science Resource Teacher. I work specifically with Elementary schools, but also have some duties related to Middle and High schools. I am part of the committee who picks curriculum writers from the applications. I also prepare the professional development for the teachers, prepare the templates they will be working with, create the timeline, set goals, make assignments, establish protocol for the finished product and work environment, as well as oversea and edit work prior to being turned in for print. 2. Based upon your experiences as an educator, how would you describe the purpose of education in our society? What do you feel are the major influences on what happens in the educational community? I feel the purpose of education in society is to help all students realize their full potential in being a successful and contributing member of society. The major influences include the political climate, technological advances, and community values and expectations. 3. To what extent do you feel the curriculum of your school (school system) is consistent...
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...Assessing Curriculum Theory Educational theories attempt to distinguish, understand and propose educational practices. The theories encompass many different types of instruction, curriculum methods and techniques to teach as well as policy, organization and leadership (Ornstein& Hunkins, 2014). People have different understandings of learning theories and different beliefs and opinions about how people process information and learn new material. Their beliefs may derive from personal knowledge, self-reflection, performance of others, research, and from trying to educate or convince others to adopt their way of thinking (Wang, 2012). According to Shuell (2013) the various theories are pertinent to different kinds of learning and may be similar. Nonetheless, they provide different viewpoints on the difficult aspects of learning and go hand in hand in their capacity to clarify different kinds of learning conditions. Consequently, completely different theories are pertinent to the classroom by speaking to several elements of classroom learning. Theories of learning are attempts to describe how people learn. Various theories center on different traditions and are suitable for clarifying certain educational conditions but not others. Theories of learning may be able to advise instruction and suggest different educational resources to include new forms of technology. At the end of the day, the instructional activities in which the student undertakes will determine what the...
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...education is where my philosophy of education begins. I believe that the purpose of education is to ensure that all students, regardless of their abilities, are able to gain the knowledge necessary to be productive members of society. Although I believe that higher education is extremely important, there are a great deal of students that may never be able to attend any type of higher education institution. For these students, it is imperative that we as educators teach them the basic skills in order for them to be as independent as possible after their 13 years of formal education. As educators, I believe that most of us come into the profession because we want to make a difference in the lives of young people. Our students are the future of our world. They are the generation that will make a difference. We teach so that our students will be able to reach their highest possible potential in life. Since my primary focus is in the field of special education, I feel that I have a slightly different view on the purpose of education than do my regular education counterparts. My goal is to ensure that my students will have the skills needed to accomplish all of their dreams and goals, regardless of their academic abilities. We as a society learn so that we can be productive members of society and live within the societal norms of the world. We all want to be able to interact with others, be socially active and be able to do things in our lives that are fulfilling both personally...
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...“The relationship between Differentiated Instruction and Standardized Testing Outcomes” Tiffany R. Williams Argosy University June 14, 2012 Theoretical Framework Once the literature review was engineered, it was determined that there was sufficient research provided on differentiated instruction and standardized test outcomes. The theoretical framework consisted of different philosophies and theories on differentiation instruction, meeting the individual needs, and how differentiating instruction and standardized testing outcomes coexist. Differentiation is described as an educational strategy that cogitates that students’ learning profiles are different and that their highest learning capacity is reached when educators accommodate curriculum and instruction to meet individual needs. Other theorists have perceived differentiated instruction in their own ways and the purpose of this literature review is to validate the research study by aligning it with the findings of each point discussed. Literature Review Introduction Education is said to be the process of receiving systematic instruction; the delivery of knowledge and information between a student and a teacher; and the level of cognition. Before the embodiment of education that involves curriculum and assessments mandated by the government, it was merely a system that was in the hands of the state, parents, and church. During this time, schools focused on literacy and assessed students on the basis of how...
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...chemical engineering courses were taught in a manner that emphasized active and cooperative learning and inductive presentation of course material. Type differences in various academic performance measures and attitudes were noted as the students progressed through the curriculum. The observations were generally consistent with the predictions of type theory, and the experimental instructional approach appeared to improve the performance of MBTI types (extraverts, sensors, and feelers) found in previous studies to be disadvantaged in the engineering curriculum. The conclusion is that the MBTI is a useful tool for helping engineering instructors and advisors to understand their students and to design instruction that can benefit students of all types. I. INTRODUCTION People have different learning styles that are reflected in different academic strengths, weaknesses, skills, and interests. Given the almost unlimited variety of job descriptions within engineering, it is safe to say that students with every possible learning style have the potential to succeed as engineers. They may not be equally likely to succeed in engineering school, however, since they respond differently to different instructional approaches and the predominant mode of instruction favors some learning styles over others.1–3 Understanding learning style differences is thus an important step in designing balanced...
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...Therefore, as the visionary instructional leader, I will incorporate all of my teachers in the curriculum renewal process. The text identifies ten essential steps for assessing the curriculum. I agree with the authors and would support this list at my school. The first step is studying conditions and trends in contemporary society as well as probable conditions and requirements. This requires educational leaders to not just see things as they are today but to envision a future that includes instructional innovations that provide students with a greater desire to learn. The second step is stressing a need for balance. Educational leaders must demonstrate the need for a balanced approach when changing the curriculum. School leaders cannot allow ideological bias against skill-based instructions to stop them from a balanced reading approach. The third step is recognizing teacher isolation voids any efforts to establish a schoolwide purpose. Knowledge sharing cannot take place when teachers work in isolation. The authors suggest that educational leaders must socialize teachers to team approaches. The fourth step is initiating a teamwork approach to establish an appropriate mission for school. According to the text, the initiation of a curriculum team is a first step to improving collegiality. The educational leader should meet weekly with the curriculum team to develop the...
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...1. What are the major differences among the three instructional designs? DI is an instruction strategy that focuses on content, process, and product. DI modifies and adapts the curriculum based on individual learning needs. The teacher determines individual needs and develops the necessary tools for students to succeed. The student relies on the teacher to make modifications to the learning environment. UDL on the other hand is a curriculum designed approach to teaching. UDL focuses on addressing a variety of learning needs and styles of learning and builds the tools right into the curriculum design. UDL requires the student to develop the resources necessary to be successful and in charge of their own learning. Flipped learning...
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...INTRODUCTION Background to the study ICT (information and communication technologies) in education lives a life at the crossroads between evidence based policymaking, learning and the fast-changing world of technology. Key stakeholders (politicians, parents, teachers, school leaders) demand evidence of the impact of ICT derived from research, monitoring and evaluation (Friedrich and Francesc, 2009). The challenge for policymakers is (in collaboration with the research community and the educational community) to develop a sustainable knowledge base for ICT in education, in which key indicators and other sources of information are identified, which enables better insight into the use and effects of ICT for learning. Technology has been said to have impacted many different types of people in different types of environments as a dynamic communication tool. For instance, Ali and Richardson (2012) explained that technology has pervaded all aspects of society and the field of education is no exception, the learning and teaching environment has also changed drastically. Technology has impacted on teaching and learning activities, and it is now seen increasingly as an enabler of learning. Morgan (2008) added that technology is no longer the wave of the future, the future is now. This generation has been classified by Prensky (2001) as “Digital Natives” and students who have been born into and are totally immersed in an environment that is surrounded by technology. Technology provides...
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