...Introduction Nowadays, there are more and more female leaders in organization. Besides that, there is some difference between male and female in leadership style and it is interesting. Not only the physiological, there is also have some difference in mentally. Therefore, I would like to discuss about the difference between male and female in leadership style. Gender differences and different leadership styles Stereotypes Personalities, behavior and need of men and women are different. We can distinguish the different skills which are related to the gender of an individual. On the one hand, independent, objective and competitive can be described as male’s typical stereotype. On the other hand, sensitive, gentle, and passive can be described as female’s typical stereotype. In fact, from male and female leadership style and behavior we can find those characteristics. We can see that male leadership style is the achievement of organizational while the female leadership style is emphasizes people and relationship. Below, we will see that these classical stereotypes can make women to adapt certain masculine characteristics in order to fulfill the male leadership role model. Before talking about leadership, there are two central expressions exist need a distinction: leadership style and leadership behavior. Leadership style can be defined as “the underlying need structure of the leader which motivates his behavior in various leadership situations and infers the consistency of goals...
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...the road? On differences between women and men in leadership behaviour 428 Jon Aarum Andersen Received May 2010 Revised October 2010 Accepted November 2010 Faculty of Social Sciences, Lillehammer University College, Lillehammer, Norway, and Per H. Hansson Department of Education, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Abstract Purpose – This study aims to explore behavioural differences between women and men in managerial positions and suggest explanations for differences and similarities. Design/methodology/approach – In order to eliminate any effects of organizational differences on leadership behaviour, this study had public managers responding to questionnaires that measured their leadership style, decision-making style, and motivation profile. Findings – Statistical analyses of data from three groups of Swedish public managers (n ¼ 385) revealed virtually no significant differences in behaviour between female and male managers. Regardless of whether there is a female or male majority of employees or a female or male majority of managers, no effect on leadership behaviour occurs. Originality/value – A number of studies indicate that managers’ behaviour is different in different types of organizations. This study suggests, therefore, that, independent of gender, organizational and demographic characteristics modify leadership behaviours, thus explaining similarities in leadership behaviour. Keywords Women, Men, Gender, Leadership behaviour, Public...
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...how male and female leadership styles are different from each other. Different types of leadership styles exist in workplaces. Advantages and disadvantages exist inside of every leadership styles. The way of life and objectives of an organization figures out which leadership style fits the firm best. According to writer and consultant Peter Drucker, "Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things." The evidence for sex differences in leadership behaviour is still mixed, yet it is clear that these sex differences have not vanished. It is argued that sex differences in leadership styles are largely consequences of the context in which male and female leaders work. Introduction: Leadership is the process though which an individual guides and motivates a group towards achieving a common goal. Gender difference in leadership styles have been the most seriously considered subjects in the field of leadership. Are there intrinsic contrasts in the way men and women function as leaders and, if so this is the case, are these differences gender orientation connected? This question has told consideration since researchers have been attempting to give a clarification regarding why there have been so couple of women leaders. The accommodation of different leadership styles is an increasingly important issue in today’s organizations. It is also argued that sex differences in leadership styles are largely consequences of the context in which male and...
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...Leadership Styles of Men and Women Executive Summary A research study on the main characteristics that lay the foundation for leadership styles of men and women is carried out in this paper. The key focus emphasized in this paper is on recognizing and studying the differences between the 2 sexes with respect to leadership attributes. Factors that lead to this distinction are highlighted, along with the traditional reasons that lead to these differences. A historical insight into the various trends that dominated different societies is given, in a view to engage the reader and lead him/her to understand how the gender roles evolved as the societies evolved. Many challenges that women encountered in the past are described that further aid in this understanding. The outcomes of this comparative study are then observed. These outcomes include gender-stereotypic expectations by the leaders, mental health of the individuals, efficiency at the job role, industrial pressure and gender discrimination. Generic leadership traits for men and women are observed and described, which tie to the gender-stereotypes. These observations distinguish the women to possess an interpersonal-oriented leadership style, as opposed to men, who possess task-oriented style of leadership. Different leadership studies are implemented to understand the impact of these styles. The impact varies for organizational studies, laboratory experiments and assessment studies. Other traits like how the leadership qualities...
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...Transactional leadership is a relationship based on exchanged between the leader and the follower. The leader presents the follower with clearly defined goals and expectations, while focusing on performance only (Pieterse, Knippenberg, Schippers, & Stam, 2010). In countless instances, the perception of transactional leadership is one of debilitation and control. A few examples of transactional leadership would be that of a teacher giving grades to their students based on their progress in class or assignments, or a manager who promises promotions or raises to employees based on performance (Northouse, 2016). Transformational leadership is also considered to enable the followers to change their own personal interests and goals to align closely with those of the organization (Northington, 2015). This type of leadership is a process in which the leader engages the followers, creating a connection in which the followers are constantly encouraged to reach their full potential. Motivation and morality are the key factors in transformational leadership, and both play key roles in the anticipated changes of both the followers and their leader (Northouse, 2016). A prodigious example of transformational leadership would be Nelson Mandela. He was a master at persuading people to follow him, and to feel better about themselves for having done so. His ability to...
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...Assessment item 1 - CriticalAnalysis Critical Analysis of Reading 4.5 – Gender Differences and similarities in the leadership styles and behavior of UK managers by Titus Oshagbemi and Roger Gill This report will critically analyze the article “Gender Differences and similarities in the leadership styles and behavior of UK managers” by Titus Oshagbemi and Roger Gill. It was published in the “Women in Management Review” Volume 18, Number 6, 2003 pages 288-298. This report will assess whether the authors of the article “Gender Differences and similarities in the leadership styles and behavior of UK managers” have used non-biased or biased evidence and approaches to evaluate their argument.The report will comment on the author’s choices of evidence and their creditability as well as their methods of obtaining information for their argument and would recommend improvements for future articles or for other writers. The authors attempts to identify the differences and similarities between the genders, male and female, in leadership styles and behavior for managers in the United Kingdom. The authors’ argues that there are significant differences between male and female. The authors’ first identify what other researchers have found by reviewing several literatures and then proceeding to obtain their own set of statistics. The statistics where obtained through a survey done in the United Kingdom then are thoroughly analyzed quantitatively before reaching a conclusion. The majority...
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...A Review of the Role of Gender in Conflict Resolution and Leadership The value of effective conflict resolution and leadership skills cannot be understated. As more and more women are moving into decision-making positions, the issue of whether there are gender differences in the ability to manage conflict and to lead effectively has become an important concern. This literature review examines 14 studies that address the role of gender in conflict resolution and leadership. Studies from areas of conflict resolution, negotiation, and leadership are included. Evidence is provided that while women and men are, in fact different from one another, neither outperforms the other in all situations. In fact, while some researchers claim a male advantage in a male-oriented world, others assert a feminine advantage for 21st century leaders. Implications for women leaders are included. Conventional wisdom says that conflict management skills are important if individuals are to function effectively at any level within an organization. They are a particularly important part of effective leadership. As more and more women are moving into decision-making positions, the issue of whether there are gender differences in the ability to use conflict management skills to lead effectively has become an important concern. In fact, some researchers have expressed skepticism about women’s abilities to fit in to the masculine managerial world. As far back as 1979, Powell and Butterfield found that...
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...November 29, 2012 MG-346 Term Paper Gender Differences In Managerial Style A Study was conducted to assess whether there were gender differences in perceived effectiveness of management skills. Gender differences were found (by gender) on the set of management skills that I studied for this class they were communicating, coaching and developing, and time management. It was not surprising that females reported higher perceived effectiveness then men in the communicating skills. Females are more likely than males to indicate that they use an interactive style of management called transformational leadership. This leadership style was found to be correlated with lots of management skills associated with success. After doing lots of research I have found that females receive more developmental opportunities than their male colleagues. Through the early 1990’s, a growing body of research emerged that there were no gender differences in gender differences(Rosener , 1990). Although the work of Rosener have shaken lots of studies to find out if gender really play a part in your work place, they all have difference in opinion. Given the number of studies that have been done on this subject everyone has came up with different findings. Gender differences in such styles such as leadership and management it is important to emphasize that the research results may not provide enough evidence of gender differences in actual leadership behaviour and management effectiveness. Rather,...
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...that has been focused on leadership for over 10 years ago, the concept of leadership is still indefinable. This paper attempts to develop the leadership concept by investigating the possibility of the coming up with fresh measures of leadership which concentrating on the characteristics of good and bad leaders. A total of 312 managers were recruited in the study. A factor analysis was conducted to reduce 13 traits of good leadership to two factors including the good and the visionary, and 13 bad traits to two factors including the evil and the inept. Secondly, there was evaluation of the way male and female followers view leadership styles adopted by the best and worst bosses. It was discovered the perception of women on their excellent bosses differed from the males` perceptions. The variations were based on several dimensions. Nevertheless, there is little difference regarding the males and females` perceptions of bad bosses. Introduction Researches on leadership have been found to be both interesting as well as frustrating. During times of excellence in leadership, leadership propels the imagination of scholars, practitioners and the general public since it may imply changed lives for better outcomes. On the other hand, failures in leadership may have harmful effects on many people, at time affecting life and even death. Nonetheless, scholars have bumbled in their quest to comprehend fully the leadership phenomenon. According to Burns (1978), leadership falls among the phenomenon...
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...Deciphering Leadership Styles Based on Gender Jean Peterson Kirtland Community College PSY 260 Deciphering Leadership Styles Based on Gender Whether we choose to believe it or not, the gender roles that are placed on us by society affect our leadership styles and how we view the leaders in our lives. How many times have you stereotyped a person as a natural leader, or decided a certain individual didn’t know anything about leadership? Most of us do this naturally, without even considering the reasons behind it. The focus of this paper is to explain how gender affects our leadership styles and the variety of pieces that make this topic a complicated puzzle. It is obvious that in our society men are viewed as more equipped and capable leaders. This is mostly because men are perceived as the dominant sex in America. Male leaders are expected to be autocratic. Many people view this as a baseline when considering leadership styles. After all, who wants a leader who can’t make decisions? Male leaders are often defined as strong, arrogant, intelligent, ego-driven, bravado, powerful, dominant, assertive, focused, competitive, stubborn, physical, self-righteous, and direct (Cummings, 2005). Because of these adjectives that are stereotypically placed on male leaders, many tend to veer toward men when choosing an appropriate leader. Men have been viewed in the same manner for centuries, and the societal norms tend to be much less judgmental on male leaders. Even though...
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...Leadership Skills Assignment - 4 Due date: 20/1/2013 Instructions for Submitting your Assignments 1. Type your name and your ID number 2. Read the textbook for the course before answering any question. 3. Multiple choices; Choose the most accurate choice. 4. Essay questions: hand writing only. Don’t type the answers. 5. Submit your assignments before the due date, no exceptions. Name…Hamad Aldarei…….ID#............................................... Chapters covered; 13, 14, 15 Measurement | | | | CLO 1 | CLO 2 | CLO 3 | CLO 4 | Knowledge | Analysis | Application | Synthesis & Evaluation | Comprehension | | | | | | | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | MCQs | | | | Essay Qs | Essay Qs | Essay Qs | Essay Qs | | | | | Chapter 13 1. Female and male leaders evaluated favorably when they used a. a democratic leadership style b. a directive or autocratic style c. a goal-oriented style d. a situational style 2. Females evaluated unfavorably when they used e. a democratic leadership style f. a directive or autocratic style g. a goal-oriented style h. a situational style 3. Women were devalued when they worked in i. Female- dominated environments and when the evaluators were female j. Male-dominated environments and when the evaluators were men k. Male-dominated environments and when the evaluators were female l. Female- dominated environments and when the...
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...Running head: DARK LEADERSHIP 1 Team Research Paper: Discovery of Women’s Dark Leadership Intro Leadership whether it is dark or integral, is the ability to influence individuals or groups toward the achievement of goals. Leadership, as a process, shapes the goals of a group or organization, motivates behavior toward the achievement of those goals, and helps define group or organizational culture. It is primarily a process of influence. The quality of leadership is a primary factor in the success or failure of any business. Individuals in positions of leadership have a direct influence on the level of commitment, motivation and performance of their organization. Leadership definitions on the other hand are simple statements that encapsulate the core beliefs, values, and attitudes a person holds towards leadership. This paper will explore the differences in leaders when it comes to ethics in leadership, transactional, transformational and spiritual leadership. Literature Review Ethics Research Ethics in all forms of leadership has emerged as a concern which has led to studies being completed in both academic literature and business press alike. These concerns are widespread in newspapers, magazines, internet and television broadcastings within multiple associations to include organizations, law, medicine and education. According to FirstSearch, 2002 there were over 1,000 scholarly and practitioner articles along...
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...Secondly, I would like to send a special gratitude to my respondent Puan Nor Rubaiha Mohamed Nor, CEO of Yayasan UEM, UEM Group Berhad. Last but not least, a special thanks goes to my husband, family and friends for putting a smile on my face every single day. ABSTRACT The topic of the thesis is Women in Leadership and Management. This essay concerns the subject of thesis work is to make research of women leadership attributes and management styles. In order to get clearer details about that, I have made some investigations or researches on women leadership starting from definition of it, followed by the data collection in order to strengthen the research topic. Data shows that women continue to increase their share of managerial positions but unfortunately the rate of progress is slow and uneven. Therefore, I decided to examine the barriers experienced by a woman leader and how a woman managerial approach, such as transformational leadership style, can be effective for organization to reach their goals. It is so obvious that leadership is normally dominated by men. While women have some advantages and disadvantages, also prejudice and differ style of leadership. It is very...
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...The purpose of the study was to determine possible differences in leadership behaviors, using the Revised Leadership for Sport Scale (RLSS), between male and female coaches and among different coaching levels. The researchers submitted two hypotheses. The first hypothesis was that male and female coaches would respond differently to the RLSS in overall leadership behaviors. The second hypothesis was that differences on the RLSS would occur among coaching levels: junior high, high school, and college. The sample was nonrandom, including 162 coaches that were chosen on a volunteer basis. Within the sample, 118 (0.73) of the coaches were male, while 44 (0.27) were female. With regard to coaching level, 25 (0.15) were junior high coaches, 99 (0.61) high school, and 38 (0.24) at the college level. While this is a good sample size, the problem lies with the distribution of the sample. The sample number for junior high coaches, in particular, is rather low. A larger sample with regard to all categories would have aided in the data analysis, particularly when looking for possible interactions between gender and coaching level. The instrument utilized was the Revised Leadership for Sport Scale (RLSS) developed by Zhang, Jensen, and Mann in 1996. This scale is used to measure six leadership behaviors: training and instruction, democratic, autocratic, social support, positive feedback, ...
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...| MANAGEMENT RESEARCH / PROJECT DRS3023 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MANAGEMENT COMMUNICATION STYLE & ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT WITH GENDER AS THE MODERATING FACTOR PROPOSAL FOR: MDM. DINA ABDUL RAZAK PREPARED BY: NORSYAFINAZ BINTI SHAH RIZAL THOMAS 012011110183 NURHASSAN BIN AZIZ 012011030529 MOHD NASRIQ BIN YAZID 012011030196 Submission date: [ 5-Jul-13 ] | Content | Page | | ABSTRACT (executive summary) | 3 | 1.0 | INTRODUCTIONBackground of studyProblem statement ObjectivesResearch questionScope of studyJustification of study | 4445556 | 2.0 | LITERATURE REVIEWManagement Communication StyleOrganizational CommitmentGender | 7788 | 3.0 | THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK & HYPOTHESISVariable relationshipTheoretical FrameworkHypothesis | 9999 | 4.0 | RESEARCH METHODOLOGYResearch ToolsSampling ProcedureData Collection Method | 10101010 | 5.0 | CONTRIBUTION OF RESEARCHExpected significant contributions to a new knowledgeExpected benefits to the country/society/organization | 1111 | 6.0 | TIME FRAME | 12 | 7.0 | BUDGET | 13 | 8.0 | CONCLUSION | 14 | 9.0 | REFERENCE | 15 | ABSTRACT Our purpose of this study is to add to the research of relationship between management communication style & organizational commitment with gender as moderator effect. We design this study to find out the impact of organizational commitment on employee performance. This study shall review what factors increases or decreases the organizational commitment and...
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