...What do Power, Difference, and Privilege have to do with me? Difference can be many things. Essentially, anyone can describe themselves by going around the “Diversity Wheel”. I am a female, an Iranian-American, white, twenty-one years old, heterosexual, and non-disabled. When we take a look at the outer ring of the wheel, we go more in depth on an individual’s personal background history. In the outer ring, I am single, a sister, and I come from a middle-class family. I have lived in Northern Virginia all of my life, but I was born in Athens, Greece. I come from a Muslim background, but have never been raised to practice. The diversity wheel does not say much about my personal history or about my characteristics that make me who I am. When we take a look at the diversity wheel we can see how certain social aspects shape our lives. We cannot see, however, how people perceive you and treat you. When people first see me, they perceive me as a young, female, college student. They do not know what my background is, how many siblings I have, if I have work experience, and so forth. I come off as a very thoughtful, enthusiastic person. I feel like people treat me pretty fairly in terms of opportunities at work, as well as outside of work. There have been times, however, that I felt as though I was not being treated as fairly as I would have liked. For instance, I have a twin brother and an older sister. My parents have always given my brother more free will just because...
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...TIA084, Intercultural Communication Anonymous id: 41842 Intercultural communication. Cultural differences, power and ethics What are ethical norms and how do they differ from other norms? We can for an example talk about ethical norms in communication, than from reading Allwood, we would find that agent hood (give freedom), motivation (do not hurt) and rationality (give correct information) are the main universal ethical norms, or these are the basis of universal needs that we can create ethical norms from. Agent hood; when communicating with others we should give them the freedom to act according to their own will and intention by including this "brainwashing” and many kinds of propaganda are unethical. They are unethical whereas they remove the recipient´s possibilities to exercise his or her own critical judgement. Motivation; We should not hurt others, we should seek to give others joy instead of pain the golden rule would be “do unto others what you would have them do unto you”. Rationality, i.e., we should not lie or mislead. If we do that, the other person´s possibilities of obtaining the desired outcomes through the exercise of his/her rationality is radically diminished. Ethical norms differ from other norms whereas they involve the well being of others. The more serious the issue is for the well being of others, the more ethics is involved and usually the more universal the issues become. By other norms (not ethical norms, not involving the well being of others)...
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...It can be said that 'Without great power rivalry and the ideological differences the Cold War between the USA and the USSR would not have happened'. The main reason for this view would be that if great power rivalry and the ideological difference did not exist then other factors such as the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences, the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan would not have occurred. Furthermore, it can be said that if great power rivalry and ideological differences did not exist that alliances and organisations such as NATO and the Warsaw Pact. All of these factors are linked together with the main two factors of great power rivalry and ideological differences, therefore it can be said that without these two factors the war would not have occurred. In addition, some may say that great power rivalry and ideology link to personalities of Stalin, Roosevelt, Truman and Churchill as they clearly shows a relation through certain situations as some have said that if Roosevelt had not have died, the Cold War would not have developed as much as it did, but the Cold War did develop through Truman’s deliberate contrasting personality. Before the Cold War, the USSR was a one party state dominated by Stalin. Individuals did not have the choice to choose alternative politicians in free elections; industry and agriculture was owned by the state. In the 1930s, Stalin had transformed the USSR into a modern industrial state through the Five Year Plans, Collectivisation and the Purges. The...
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...Supplier Power: Discuss the differences between processors used by RIM and its competitor and compare switching cost or prices. Buyer Power: Increase in buyer’s power, product differentiation of RIM, buyer’s incentive. Barriers to entry: Government policy, entrance of new firms with old technology, access to distribution, Brand Identity. Threat of Substitute: switching costs, Supplier Power: Discuss the differences between processors used by RIM and its competitor and compare switching cost or prices. Buyer Power: Increase in buyer’s power, product differentiation of RIM, buyer’s incentive. Barriers to entry: Government policy, entrance of new firms with old technology, access to distribution, Brand Identity. Threat of Substitute: switching costs, Supplier Power: Discuss the differences between processors used by RIM and its competitor and compare switching cost or prices. Buyer Power: Increase in buyer’s power, product differentiation of RIM, buyer’s incentive. Barriers to entry: Government policy, entrance of new firms with old technology, access to distribution, Brand Identity. Threat of Substitute: switching costs, Supplier Power: Discuss the differences between processors used by RIM and its competitor and compare switching cost or prices. Buyer Power: Increase in buyer’s power, product differentiation of RIM, buyer’s incentive. Barriers to entry: Government policy, entrance of new firms with old technology, access to distribution, Brand...
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...Wealth and Power in the US EDWIN SMITH Pol 443 January 6, 2015 KYLE HAGENBURGER Wealth and Power in the US Wealth and Power in the US To whom it may concern: This letter is to inform the public of how health care relates to the distribution and concentration of wealth in the U.S. and support the need to redistribute wealth in America. Wealth refers to the value of everything that a individual and family owns minus all its debts. Most of economists define wealth as marketable assets such as stocks bonds and real estate. In marketable securities, consumer durables like cars are not included because they are not readily converted into cash (Domhoff 2011). Power refers to the ability of controlling the behaviors of others, even against their will. Groups and individuals who have power are able to use it to increase their own interest. It is not necessary that individuals take these benefits at the cost of society. In the Unites States, social class is an arguable issue because there is a disagreement on its models and its existence in the country. Three class model that includes the rich, the middle class and the poor as believed by Americans. Among all the major economies, distribution of income in the United States is most unequal (Domhoff 2010)). The poverty level in the U.S. was $16,036 in 1997 for a family size of four. As with earnings difference, the poverty pace vary significantly between cultural groups. Difference in poverty and earnings has a chief...
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...Power Distance This index represents the extent to which individuals with less power in a country expect and accept that power is unequally distributed. How power is divided is usually explained by the behavior of powerful individuals, the managers and not of the leaded ones. Inquiries made to observe differences between countries on this index indicate that differences exist both for leaded and leaders, but the results gathered from first type of individuals are more relevant. This is because we are all better observers of our leader’s behavior than of our own behavior. In the study that Geert Hofstede developed for IBM in 1984, the power distance index in Romania is 90, of a maximum of 100, which means that features of a great power distance are well highlighted in our country. Among these traits observed by Geert Hofstede, we mention that inequalities between people are expected and desirable and that people with less power should dep end on the strongest. Regarding education, it is assumed that all the initiatives in class come from the teachers that transfer their own knowledge to students, which treat teachers with respect. Hierarchy in organizations reflects the existent inequality between the ones from the top and the ones from the bottom, centralization being characteristic, and the difference between wages between upper and lower level is very high. The leader is ideally a benevolent autocrat or a good parent, the subordinates waiting to be told what to do and...
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...Cultural differences among U.S. and International Businesses Businesses that choose to compete internationally will face many barriers in their operations abroad. Success on a global scale requires knowledge of cultural differences, which may include languages, customs and values even holidays. These differences among nations are vast, ranging, and absolutely vital to understand. When business people understand and respect these social and cultural differences it creates an avenue where international business can be successful. A lack of understanding and sensitivity to cultural differences across cultures can lead to business failures. Culture is a potential stumbling block for many organizations thus the knowledge and understanding of its ins and outs should remain a top priority. In 1980, Hofstede created a model of cultural dimensions, which has become very popular and widely referenced. He identified five cultural dimensions differentiating people based on their country of residence. His cultural dimensions included power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity, and long-term orientation. (Hofstede, 1980) Power distance dimension is subject to the distribution of power within the culture. High power society represents a small minority of the citizens, maintaining significant portions of power and prestige. Thus, power and prestige are more equally distributed in a low power distance culture. Uncertainty avoidance is the degree to which members...
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...Leadership and Power Michealah Garska LDR/300 Monday, July 20, 2015 Mari Hadely Leadership and Power Introduction What is power? How does power relate to leadership? What types of power are there, and what do they mean? What is the relationship between power and influence? These are questions that every future leader should ask and give an answer to each of them in order to succeed in a leadership role. Today all of these questions are going to be answered. Describe power and explain how it relates to leadership What does power mean? One of the dictionary definitions of power is the ability or right to control people or things. As stated by Merriam-Webster: 1. The ability or right to control people or things 2. Political control of a country or area 3. A person or organization that has a lot of control and influence over other people or organizations. How power relates to leadership is by giving the leader the tools to influence his or her team members to achieve a common goal(s). When there is any type of leadership there will be power that comes with it being the leader. Leadership is power. The way that the leader uses his or her power depends on the type of person and leadership style the leader uses. Describe the various types of power There are many types of power such as, legitimate power, coercive power, expert power, informational power, reward power, connection power, and referent power. The first type of power is legitimate this is when...
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...OUTCOME OF PLYOMETRIC AND CORE TRAINING ON THE VARIABLES OF EXPLOSIVE POWER AND RESTING HEART RATE AMONG MEN FOOTBALL PLAYERS *Mr. S. Binthu Mathavan, Ph.D Scholar, **Dr. A. Praveen, Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry-605014, Email: coolbinthu@gmail.com praveencjis@gmail.com, Mob:-09750647970, 09789948333 ABSTRACT In this investigation Thirty six college level men football players were selected based on the availability, who had participated in district /inter collegiate level football tournament) as a subjects, from Pondicherry university campus on the academic year of 2011-2013. Since this study involved following variables such as vertical jump and resting...
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...1. What are three main differences between the Articles of Confederation and the current Constitution? a. One main difference between the Articles of Confederation (AoC) and the current Constitution was that there was no judiciary branch and because of the federal government couldn’t enforce its laws which allowed states to interpret these laws freely thus causing disputes between states which was Congresses power at the time. But in the Constitution under Article III the Judicial branch was established with the Supreme Court which primary responsibility is to interpret the Constitution would be the highest-ranking court in the nation with lesser courts to support it. b. Another difference is that in the AoC Congress had very little power...
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...Globalization Note Series Pankaj Ghemawat and Sebastian Reiche National Cultural Differences and Multinational Business The eminent Dutch psychologist, management researcher, and culture expert Geert Hofstede, early in his career, interviewed unsuccessfully for an engineering job with an American company. Later, he wrote of typical cross-cultural misunderstandings that crop up when American managers interview Dutch recruits and vice versa: “American applicants, to Dutch eyes, oversell themselves. Their CVs are worded in superlatives…during the interview they try to behave assertively, promising things they are very unlikely to realize…Dutch applicants in American eyes undersell themselves. They write modest and usually short CVs, counting on the interviewer to find out by asking how good they really are…they are very careful not to be seen as braggarts and not to make promises they are not absolutely sure they can fulfill. American interviewers know how to interpret American CVs and interviews and they tend to discount the information provided. Dutch interviewers, accustomed to Dutch applicants, tend to upgrade the information. To an uninitiated American interviewer an uninitiated Dutch applicant comes across as a sucker. To an uninitiated Dutch interviewer an uninitiated American applicant comes across as a braggart.”1 Cultural differences, while difficult to observe and measure, are obviously very important. Failure to appreciate and account for them can lead to embarrassing...
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...very good sense of perception. Globalization is a very popular term recently. In a way, this term represents the shortening of distances and disappearance of borders (Friedman 2007). Borders within Europe, at the present, are almost forgotten. As the regulations on FDI were loosened in China with her accession to World Trade Organisation (WTO) in 2001, the three continents America, Europe and Asia are much closer to each other than they have ever been. Multinational corporations (MNC) have spread all over the world. Collaboration with many companies independent of national borders became a must for MNCs to survive. Collaboration with companies all around the world cannot be managed without a multicultural workforce and cultural differences in it. Having a multicultural workforce has some advantages such as deeper knowledge of different product markets, culturally sensitive customer service, 24-hour work rotations (Brett et al. 2006), and promotion of creativity. On the other hand, the disadvantages of multicultural workforce cannot be ignored and managers are confronted with cross-cultural challenges making it hard to...
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...characteristics such as looking up to a God-like figure also know as a Creating Power or Great Mystery Power. Remaking the World contains the story of how the world was created, but also what it took to create this world. The Creating Power had made a world, but he was not satisfied by how the people had behaved, so he decided to create a new one. Throughout the story, the Creating Power is shown as a powerful person who has the ability to teach and bring people and animals together. The Creating Power said to them: “Now if you have learned how to behave like human beings and how to live in peace with each other and other living beings- the two-legged, the four-legged, the many-legged, the fliers, the no-legs, the green plants of this universe- then all will be well. But if you make this world bad and ugly, then I will destroy this world too. It’s up to you”. Montezuma and The Great Flood have a similar character known as The Great Mystery Power. This character guides the leader, Montezuma on a journey of how to teach his people the necessities of life such as making baskets and cooking food. Montezuma’s power went to his head and eventually lost his empire due to his arrogance. Montezuma answered: “I don’t need your advice. Who are you to try to correct Great Montezuma? Am I not high above you? Am I not your master?”. The importance of this similarity is that in Native American literature, there is always a Great Power that tries to help the humans and want good for the world. Another similarity...
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...business(Negroponte,2013). Furthermore, Mexico is the 15th largest exporter economy of the world(Rao,2008). Therefore, Mexico is an attractive place for MNEs to operate. In early times, early civilizations(Mayans, Aztecs and Toltecs) controlled Mexico. These civilizations were very hierarchical, power remained exclusively with the top few and undoubted loyalty was the norm(Rao,2008). Rao(2008) illustrated, because the aggression of the Spanish, Mexico's culture strongly influenced by these invaders. Loyalty, hierarchy and absolute authority become the concepts of Mexican culture. Comprehending the cultural differences between Mexico and home country can influence a person's experience when he or she serves as an expatriate in Mexico(Villatoro, Chang & Lane). Hence, cultural differences is the first characteristic that lead to the failure of expatriates' assignment in Mexico. According to the Hofstede's national cultural dimension scores, Mexico ranked high on power distance(5.22) as well as in-group collectivism(5.71). As a result, substantial global firms do affected by the culture of high power distance and in-group collectivism. High-power distance represents inequality, which means unequal power between superior and his subordinates(Graf, Koeszegi & Pesendorfer,2012). High on in-group collectivism means a culture undoubtedly loyal to both their immediate and extended families(Rao,2008). Rao (2008) clarified collectivist cultures are composed by a very compact social...
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...Purchasing Power Parity Purchasing power Parity (PPP), is called relative purchasing power index which is according to different countries pricing level to calculate out an equivalent index value for different currencies. It helps able to compare the GDP of counties from the economics view, although there is a great difference between theoretical exchange rate and the actual exchange rate. The unit for the PPP theory is international dollar (Intl. $) or international currency unit (ICU). The PPP is dollar-based, that the purchasing power of $ 1 in the United States as a reference base. It is an international purchasing power of the dollar is equal to $ 1 in the United States. In many cases, the direct use US dollar as PPP index. The theory...
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