...Abstract: This essay discusses the ironic qualities of Sophocles' Oedipus Rex. The play is very ironical in that it entwines the themes of free will as well as predestination. Even though we are sickened by the tragic life of Oedipus and the other characters, we are still able to appreciate the ironic characteristics of the play itself. Indeed, we eventually come to realize that man is free and yet he is also fated. Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex The primary characteristic of Sophocles' Oedipus Rex is that it is an ironic play. The play’s irony grasps the audience in a profound way because of the awareness that occurs regarding everything that is going on. Even though we, as observers, are sickened at the tragic life of Oedipus and the other characters, we are still able to appreciate the ironical characteristics of the play itself. The irony primarily exists in the context of man being free, but at the same time, fated. Without doubt, this play very much reflects the Greek vision which emphasizes the immediacy of experience and the nature of man. We see that man is free and that he has free will. At the same time, man also must reconcile himself to a certain fate. Irony is inherent in this very concept. Indeed, as demonstrated in Oedipus Rex, while there is free will in the human condition, there is also predestination to one’s life. In this play, we see how the main character Oedipus is free to run, but ultimately he cannot run away from himself. Oedipus was once a man...
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...Not Without a Smile The novel “Frankenstein” by Mary Shelley reveals the irony in human life through traces of the agonizing life of a miserable scientist, Victor Frankenstein. Ever since Victor was a little boy, he had always been interested in the topic of natural science. Through innovation and guidance, as well as great effort, Victor made the extraordinary discovery of the “elixir of life” where he brought life upon an inanimate being. Such discovery, however, only resulted in everlasting remorse and vengeance that followed Victor to his grave. Victor’s smile left on his motionless body answered many questions proposed throughout the story, yet more questions were left unanswered through the medium of irony. The smile that irradiates from Victor’s cold body shows a sense of satisfaction, but also a sense of regret as he was not able to speak his last words, which emits a sense of irony. The satisfaction yet remorseful smile left on the lips of Victor shadows the ironic behavior throughout the story. It is through these ironies that the story uncovers the ironic events that challenge us every day. The last emotion left on the face of Victor Frankenstein displayed the satisfaction that Victor had longed for. Since the murder of his loved ones by the monster, Victor had only been feeling miserable, guilty and above all, ferocious. After learning that the monster was the murderer of his youngest brother William, Victor narrated that, “no one can conceive the anguish...
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...Sammy, the narrator of “A&P,” is an opinionated, sarcastic, disaffected teenager with a healthy interest in the opposite sex and a keen observational sense. Sammy notices everything around him, and he drinks in every detail of the girls’ physical appearance, from the texture and patterns of their bathing suits to the different boundaries of their tan lines. Sammy goes beyond the surface details to glean insights about the people he observes. For example, Queenie’s dangling bra straps are intensely interesting in a purely sensual way, but they are also clues from which he begins to construct an image of her inner life. Once he hears the girls speak, his image becomes even more detailed, as he is able to get an impression of Queenie’s social status. Sammy’s focused observations and descriptions reveal his own prejudices and blind spots. For example, Sammy’s frankly lustful ogling of the girls reveals a certain immaturity, and he is dismissive and contemptuous of the A&P customers, seeing them as “sheep” and “houseslaves.” He is equally dismissive of his coworker Stokesie, whom Sammy sarcastically presents as an unimaginative drone. The irony of Sammy’s sense of superiority is that he realizes that, in the eyes of the rich, carefree Queenie, he must seem just like Stokesie and the straight-laced Lengel. His desire to set himself apart from them—to prove that he is different—compels him to quit his job. However, he announces, “I quit” primarily because he wants the girls to overhear...
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...affected by these people and their destructions. In his article on the Guardian website, he’s attitude is very sarcastic to underline his dissatisfaction to the UK government. In fact his text has an overload of sarcasm and irony to describe his position on the riots. His approach to the 2011 UK riots is the fact that it has been a common problem, which must be solved together. Russell Brand is very astonished by the fact that the rioters are being describes as “mindless”, unacceptable”, “unjustifiable” and disconnected from the cities they live in. This indicate that it is very strong words which is used against these riots, they are placed outside the community. Russell Brand agrees on the fact that it is unacceptable the things that these riots have done. But his opinion is not to focus on all the unacceptable things that these riots have done, instead the government should but in their interests why these people are doing as they do. Russell Brands type of sending his message and showing his opinion is harsh and very-nonsense. He makes no secret of his attitude on the 2011 UK riots. Russell Brand expresses his opinion with no kind of holding back in his attitude and anger. In fact it could be taking in as if he was a person of violence himself. Some of his sarcasm is show with him using the fact...
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...Charing, tries to get rid of a woman, Ruth Barlow, through the process in which he escape from the little lady, the author expresses his severe irony towards Ruth Balow and her scheming deeds. First of all, irony refers to the incongruity between what might be expected and what actually occurs. Right from the beginning, Maugham has stated a rather funny anecdote like this: "If a woman once made up her mind to marry a man, nothing but instant flight could save him." It sounds as if the woman is a persistent predator that is willing to chasing its prey to any corners in the world, thus no man can escape from the trap laid by a lady, especially a beautiful one. This suggests the irony towards marriage and, more importantly, expresses the sarcasm towards women in love. Ruth Barlow is characterized as a lovely angel with “splendid dark eyes and they were the most moving I ever saw, they seemed to be ever on the point of filling with tears”, eyes are considers as windows of soul, and through her doleful eyes, we can somehow anticipate her personalities as weak and fragile. Along with scornful appearance is a miserable background. She is described as “twice a widow”, that means she has suffered from the most hurting event in a lady’s life, not only once but even twice – her husbands’ funerals. Such a lady deserves intensive protection and sympathy. That’s where the irony starts. Judging a book by its cover in this situation may brings indescribable trouble, and it did happen with characters...
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...Katherine Kearns "The Road Not Taken," perhaps the most famous example of Frost’s own claims to conscious irony and "the best example in all of American poetry of a wolf in sheep's clothing." Thompson documents the ironic impulse that produced the poem as Frost's "gently teasing" response to his good friend, Edward Thomas, who would in their walks together take Frost down one path and then regret not having taken a better direction. According to Thompson, Frost assumes the mask of his friend, taking his voice and his posture, including the un-Frostian sounding line, "I shall be telling this with a sigh," to poke fun at Thomas's vacillations; Frost ever after, according to Thompson, tried to bring audiences to the ironic point, warning one group, "You have to be careful of that one; it's a tricky poem - very tricky" (Letters Xiv-xv). Thompson's critical evaluation is simply that Frost had, in that particular poem, "carried himself and his ironies too subtly," so that the poem is, in effect, a failure (Letters xv). Yet is it simply that - a too exact parody of a mediocre poetic voice, which becomes among the sentimental masses, ironically, one of the most popularly beloved of Frost's "wise" poems? This is the easiest way to come to terms critically with the popularity of "The Road Not Taken" but it is not, perhaps, the only or best way: in this critical case, the road less traveled may indeed be more productive. For Frost by all accounts was genuinely fond of Thomas. He wrote...
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...doesn’t give them the space needed to become a success. In the summer of 2011 rioters in England drew the government’s attention to the fact that they felt neglected and overlooked in the society. In the commentary “Big Brother isn’t watching you” posted on The Guardian website, the English comedian, actor, musician and writer, Russell Brand explains the rioter’s motive for the 2011 UK riots. Russell Brand currently lives in Los Angeles but he still has a strong connection to his native country and therefore the riots in the UK have also become his problem. In the commentary he describes the situation seen from his point of view. Russell Brand uses an overload of sarcasm and irony to describe his position on the riots. He is very sarcastic about the way the 2011 UK riots have been handled and uses sarcasm to point out his dissatisfaction with the UK government. His attitude to the 2011 UK riots is that it is a common problem, which must be solved jointly. Russell Brand is very astonished at the way the rioters are being described as “mindless”. “However “unacceptable” and “unjustifiable” it might be, it has happened so we better accept it and, whilst we can’t justify it…and work out why so many people feel utterly disconnected from the cities they live in” (lines 55-57). This quotation shows that Russell Brand can agree on the fact that the riots are unacceptable and unjustifiable but what is done cannot be undone. In his opinion the government should focus on why...
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...Sun Poisoning Sun Poisoning is a short story of the collection Slaves of New York, written by Tama Janowits and was published in 1986. Janowits is known for her use of sarcasm and irony as a way of describing issues and circumstances of which she is critical and Sun Poisoning is a prime example of this. The story criticizes a homogenous society and the superficial relationships between people, and is heavily influenced by postmodernism. Notably the narration and the characterization have postmodern traits. It is very common for postmodern texts to utilize an unconventional narrative form. The narrator in Sun Poisoning is a 2nd person narrator, which is rarely seen in literary work. The effect of this is that it feels as if someone is bossing you around and constantly telling you what to do and feel. This is really how the life of the protagonist works. She doesn’t have much of a say in her life, for example she would rather stay home than go to Haiti but her boyfriend decides for them both that they need to get away. Additionally, the use of the 2nd person narrator engages the reader in a way that is untraditional for literary work. In this story it adds to the ironic and sarcastic tone of the story. As an example we as readers can identify with the sarcastic thoughts of the protagonist after the conversation with the other couple: “Here you manage to interrupt the conversation by saying it’s time for the barbecue dinner and time to get on line. By dragging your boyfriend...
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...Ironic Symbolism: “The Lottery” and “The Rocking Horse Winner” ENGL 102: Literature and Composition Ironic Symbolism: “The Lottery” and “The Rocking Horse Winner” “The Lottery” by Shirley Jackson and “The Rocking Horse Winner” by D.H. Lawrence are stories in which the authors rely heavily on irony and symbolism. Both works of fiction involve self centered mothers and conclude with tragic circumstances. Jackson and Lawrence used those elements to illustrate the points of their writings. In “The Lottery”, several things were used in a symbolic way. The most prevalent of these is perhaps the town’s lottery itself. Set within a small village in rural America, the townspeople participated in an annual drawing in which someone would “win” their lottery. It is a common thing to participate in various kinds of yearly traditions for many in the Western world. The very title of story is an allegory for something that most people would consider to be a positive thing to become the victor. However, as the reader discovers towards the end of Jackson’s story, winning the lottery results in death. Lawrence also used one of the main elements of symbolism in the title of his fiction. The rocking horse Paul frantically rode to bring him luck was very symbolic in “The Rocking Horse Winner”. D.H. Lawrence wrote, “He knew the horse could take him to where there was luck, if only he forced it. So he would mount again, and start on his furious ride, hoping...
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...Life, Do You Have It? People tend to lose the sight of what life really is through material things and then attempt to find it in material objects or through someone else or their defeat. Unfortunately at times, it comes to late or for the ultimate price, death, to realize what you may have or haven’t had. In “The Rocking-Horse Winner” and “The Lottery” depicts the value of life through being lucky, the lack of love and the ironic conclusion that nothing is more important than life itself. For example, Paul thought being lucky was the way that life was meant to be and the desire of others to see him at or that winning the prize was actually a misfortune for your life. Paul was showing Uncle Oscar that he could predict an outcome of a race and by doing so, winning more than enough money to make things easier. This money was then used to secretively attempt to buy the love of his mother, Hester. Hester has told Paul that, “It’s what causes you to have money. If you’re lucky you have money”. (Lawrence 236) But in the end, it was Paul’s misfortune when he told his mother “I am lucky!” (Lawrence 245). Due to his unhealthy ambitions, his life was cut short and he never got to experience life at its fullest. Then you have Tessie as the big winner of the “lottery”. At first she was eagerly anticipating the start as she was hurrying to the gathering with her fellow villagers. But then, she changed her tone after she noticed Bill, her husband, had drawn the black dot. She...
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...Ida Adibi Mrs. Osburn MYP-IB English 10 – 2nd Period 24 May 2013 “Nothing That Is So Is So” Shakespeare’s play Twelfth Night focuses largely on the “nothing is as it seems” theme. This particular scene depicts a conversation between Feste and Sebastian. The fool is surprised that Sebastian is suggesting that he was not sent for Sebastian. Sebastian tells the fool to go away, calling him a “foolish fellow” (IV.i.2). Feste compliments Sebastian for holding out on him. He then sarcastically says that Olivia did not send him, that she does not want to speak with Sebastian, and that Sebastian’s name is not Master Cesario. The fool continues with a joke to emphasize the sarcasm: “nor this my nose neither” (IV.i.6). Sebastian instructs the fool to tell his nonsense to someone else and insists Feste does not know him. This fits the theme because it seems that the fool is speaking to Cesario, but that is not the case. Some words in this passage may be difficult to figure out. The fool says, “to bid you come speak with her” (IV.i.5). In this context the word “bid” may be confusing. Bid means to command or direct. Therefore, Feste is saying: to command you to come speak with her. Sebastian says, “I prithee, vent thy folly somewhere else” (IV.i.8). The words “prithee” and “folly” may be unfamiliar. Prithee means “pray thee.” It is a word that was commonly used in that time period and is frequently used in the play. Folly means the state of being foolish and lacking sense. Sebastian...
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...An Analysis of “Hearts and Hands” I. Introduction By analyzing the irony, symbolism, and foreshadowing embodied in O • Henry’s short story —“Hearts and Hands”, we can reach a thorough understanding of the short story. II. Support A. O•Henry uses irony to carve the characteristics of Miss Fairchild. 1. Miss Fairchild’s changing facial expressions when she saw the handcuff bound at the wrist of Mr. Easton shows reveals that she is a vainglorious person. 2. Miss Fairchild did not have any doubt when the roughly dressed man told her that Mr. Easton was taking him to the Leavenworth prison. It reveals that Miss Fairchild tended to judge people by their appearance and outfits. 3. Miss Fairchild has a fair name and face, but her heart is not that fair. When her father was ill, she did not go home to take care of her father instead of continuing her journey. B. O • Henry uses irony to make this story more dramatic and sarcastic. 1. When Mr. Easton said, “My butterfly days are over”, he hinted that he is put in prison later and not being free while Miss Fairchild thought that he's talking about social days. 2. When Mr. Easton answered, “Yes, I must go on to Leavenworth.” he did mean he must go to the Leavenworth Prison and stay there while Miss Fairchild thought that he just take prisoner to Leavenworth, as a marshal. 3. When Mr. Easton said that tobacco is the one friend of the unfortunate...
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...Short story essay Forever free Rough draft How many times could anybody possibly hear in a lifetime the phrase that love gives wings and teaches to fly? Yet, often this phrase is misleading; love may be great, but it also may imprison a person and break the spirit. “ A merry heart does good, like medicine, but a broken spirit dries the bones.” (Psalms proverbs). Love, especially in marriage, does not often last forever even though this institution may insist that it does. In her short story “The Story of an Hour,” Kate Chopin expresses the feelings of a woman in a marriage in the 19th century and the vacillations of thought and feeling that a marriage brought a particular woman, Mrs. Mallard, at that time. Through plot, character and irony the author demonstrates that Mrs. Mallard is not the ideally happily married women, of her time or any other time. Mrs. Mallard wishes freedom of thought and expression and this is not available to a woman in her married position. The story begins with the announcement of the death of Mr. Mallard. After she hears of his death, his wife goes upstairs alone to her room to grieve. Yet she does not grieve; instead, she feels relief. A woman in her position has been married her whole life and has gone from father’s possession to husband’s possession. “She said it over and over under her breath: ‘free, free, free!’” (197). She understands that this is not what she is supposed to feel, yet she cannot help but feel it at the bottom of...
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...Madison Richman Professor Tomlinson UW 1020 4 November 2015 Voiceover in American Beauty “My name is Lester Burnham. This is my neighborhood. This is my street. This... is my life. I'm forty-two years old. In less than a year, I'll be dead”- Lester Burnham narrates through voiceover in the opening of American Beauty. Although voiceovers tend to be cliche, American Beauty, Sam Mendes’ satirical film centered upon American suburbia, utilizes this tool to strengthen its message. Lester, the protagonist, hooks the audience through the use of voiceovers on three separate occasions in the film- the opening sequence, the beginning of his last day of life, and the final scene. Film critics often argue the “show, don’t tell” method of movie making, but Lester’s narrations are very brief and serve a meaningful purpose. An anonymous author from Script Magazine writes in the article, “How to Show, Don’t Tell”: “A lot of dialogue can be avoided because actions define characters. What we watch characters do tells us so much about who they are and what they want.” While this is true in some cases, the author’s comments do not apply to American Beauty at all. “Showing” Lester’s actions would not create the same mood of suspense as “telling” Lester’s thoughts do. Thus, the voiceovers implemented in American Beauty work in an ironic way because “telling” actually creates mystery among the viewers. During Lester’s initial voiceover, the camera is filming from above with a bird’s eye...
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...narration. He tells a story of his encounters with people he thought to be rich. He sarcastically tells the story using vague descriptive language. The descriptions are unclear, one cannot see or feel, but it is easy to understand who he is talking about, their expressions, and their lifestyles. He makes a clear comparison between the rich and the poor. In his text he speaks of a man who makes fifty thousand dollars a year and has told him that it is impossible to keep up with the rich and that it is better to accept the fact of being poor. He describes how a man can only give him a plain meal that he calls a home dinner, but that it takes three men and two women to serve it. Stephen Leacock shows his opinion by using sarcasm. It is the irony and the sarcasm that makes the text worthwhile. By his use of personal experiences, the reader gets more engaged in the text and it helps him gain credibility. Amiability is a key characteristic of the Leacock manner. The narrator is a genuinely kindhearted character in the piece. Never cruel or savage, the narrative voice is one of gentle bemusement, of benign recognition of life’s follies, with a...
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