...The rivers of Bangladesh mark both the physiography of the nation and the life of the people. About 700 in number, these rivers generally flow south. The larger rivers serve as the main source of water for cultivation and as the principal arteries of commercial transportation. Rivers also provide fish, an important source of protein. Flooding of the rivers during the monsoon season causes enormous hardship and hinders development, but fresh deposits of rich silt replenish the fertile but overworked soil. The rivers also drain excess monsoon rainfall into the Bay of Bengal. Thus, the great river system is at the same time the country's principal resource and its greatest hazard. The profusion of rivers can be divided into five major networks. The Jamuna-Brahmaputra is 292 kilometers long and extends from northern Bangladesh to its confluence with the Padma. Originating as the Yarlung Tsangpo River in China's Xizang Autonomous Region (Tibet) and flowing through India's state of Arunachal Pradesh, where it becomes known as the Brahmaputra ("Son of Brahma"), it receives waters from five major tributaries that total some 740 kilometers in length. At the point where the Brahmaputra meets the Tista River in Bangladesh, it becomes known as the Jamuna. The Jamuna is notorious for its shifting subchannels and for the formation of fertile silt islands (chars). No permanent settlements can exist along its banks. The second system is the Padma-Ganges, which is divided into two sections: a...
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...Cyclone disaster and its management in Bangladesh Bangladesh is currently ranked as one of the world’s most disaster-prone countries, with 97.1per cent of its total area and 97.7 per cent of the total population at risk of multiple hazards, including cyclones (World Bank, 2005). From 1891–98, approximately 178 severe cyclones with wind speeds of more than 87 kilometers per hour (km/h) formed in the Bay of Bengal, causing extensive loss of life and destruction of property. Location of Bangladesh at the head funnel shaped of Bay of Bangle makes it vulnerable to cyclones. On the average one to five severe cyclones hit Bangladesh each year. Storm path Cyclone (source: dailymail.co.uk & www.funonthenet.in) Cyclones and Storm Surges Cyclones can cause immense loss of life and destruction of property during pre-monsoon (April- May), and post-monsoon (October-November.) periods. The Bay of Bengal is the breeding place of catastrophic cyclones. It is presumed that the Inter –Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), which is situated near the equator, and where winds from the two hemispheres meet, plays a vital part in the formation of the tropical cyclones in this area. Classification of Cyclone Cyclones in the Bangladesh are classified according to their intensity and the following nomenclatures are in use: ...
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...Disaster in Bangladesh: The Collapse of the Rana Plaza Building 4. Do you think the legally binding agreement signed by H&M, Zara, Tesco, and others will make a difference? Does it go far enough? What else might be done? The agreement signed by H&M, Zara, Tesco and other retailers will make a difference but only for the manufacturers covered under the agreement. One article shows that this agreement is making a difference on 1,106 factories out of 5,000 to 6,000 garment factories in Bangladesh. So, there are still around 4,000 to 5,000 factories unaccounted for. Also, the agreement is only good for five years, what will happen when the agreement is over? This is not enough. One strategy that could be applied is financing through Development Impact Bonds (DIB) as recommended by Motoko Aizawara: The way forward for Bangladesh building and fire safety is to come up with an innovative structure involving public actors (e.g., the brands, service delivery or implementation organizations) with help from development finance experts and an intermediary organization. Naturally, the Accord and the Alliance member companies will be expected to demonstrate their accountability and commitment by investing in the bond. The DIB is derived from a Social Impact Bond (SIB). [pic] "Social Impact Bond diagram" by 01010101010101aaa (talk). Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Social_Impact_Bond_diagram.JPG#/media/File:Social_Impact_Bond_diagram...
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...CIRDAP The Centre on Integrated Rural Development for Asia and the Pacific (CIRDAP) is a regional, intergovernmental and autonomous institution. It was established in 1979 at the initiative of the countries of the Asia-Pacific region and the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations with support from other UN organisations and donor countries/agencies. The member countries of CIRDAP are: Afghanistan, Bangladesh (host state), Fiji Islands, India, Indonesia, Iran, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam. The main objectives of the Centre are to: (i) assist national action, (ii) promote regional cooperation, and (iii) act as a servicing institution for its member countries for promotion of integrated rural development through research, action research, training and information dissemination. Amelioration of rural poverty in the Asia-Pacific region has been the prime concern of CIRDAP. The programme priorities of CIRDAP are set under four Areas of Concern: 1) Agrarian development; 2) Institutional/infrastructural development; 3) Resource development including human resources; and 4) Employment. Within these areas of concern, the thematic areas are: Poverty alleviation through participatory approaches with emphasis on social sector development (e.g. health, education and nutrition); Employment generation through microcredit support, infrastructure development and local resource mobilisation;...
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...Role of local Government ministry In Bangladesh economy Submitted to Shahnawaz Mohammad Rafi Faculty of Economics American International University-Bangladesh Submitted by Islam Md. Ashraful 09-14107-2 Mow Farzana Sultana 09-18984-2 Dewanjee Tushar Kanti 09-13918-2 Md. Faisal Al Imran 09-13998-2 Imtiaz Ashfaq 09-13932-2 Islam Md. Rashedul 09-14203-2 Role of local Government ministry In Bangladesh economy Bangladesh is a poor country. Most of the people live below the poverty line. Our GDP depends on Agriculture and industry. As a newly independent (1971) country Bangladesh is struggling with huge population, low per capita income, mass poverty, unemployment and underemployment, illiteracy, child labor, malnutrition, corruption, and related social problems. The economy of the country is poor and based on the rural agricultural sector, but natural disasters - mainly floods, affects the economy annually which delays economic progress. Rural-urban disparity in terms of per capita income, consumption, education, health facilities, and physical infrastructure is an important developmental issue in Bangladesh. The Government of Bangladesh and a significant number of non-government organizations (NGOs) are working to improve the socioeconomic conditions of rural poor people of the country. To improve the economic development of the country the local Government ministry should work for it. Bangladesh economy depends on some several sectors...
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...Bangladesh is the ninth largest country in the world by population (164.4 million people) and is one of the most densely populated. Almost half of its 164.4 million people live on less than US$1.25 a day (World Bank, 2005) and 80% on less than US$2.00 a day (DFID, 2011). The size and density of the population, together with regular extreme weather events, such as floods and cyclones, make the country extremely vulnerable to natural hazards becoming natural disasters. During the last ten years, 12 major natural disasters have impacted upon millions of people in Bangladesh, including floods in 2004, which affected 36 million people, and Cyclone Sidr in 2007, which affected over nine million people. Since 2000, US$430 million has been raised for disaster response with over half of it allocated to the humanitarian operation following Cyclone Sidr. Aside from a history of natural disasters, an estimated 300,000 refugees of the Muslim minority Rohinga ethnic group have fled from neighbouring Myanmar since being stripped of their citizenship in 1982, and are now resident in Bangladesh. Tens of thousands live in official and informal refugee settlements, while a far larger number live as ‘illegal economic migrants’ throughout Bangladesh. The Rohinga refugee crisis is often considered a ‘forgotten’ crisis. The frequency of disasters has prompted a strong domestic capacity working to prevent...
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...destruction (risk) by a disaster is also an important factor in understanding natural hazards. The distribution and impact of natural hazards is unequal with greatest loss of life and property in the developing part of the world. This is not because of greater hazard frequency but simply because of greater vulnerability. Therefore, the people in the developing countries are at high risk than those of developed countries. Combining the risk factor the natural hazard can be defined as the probability of a change in the natural environment of a given magnitude occurring within specified time period in a given area while the associated risk is the consequent damage or loss of life, property and services. The frequency of major hazard appears to have increased since 1960 and the number of people killed each year has decreased at a rate of about 6% and the loss or property has also decreased steadily. This has taken place owing to increased awareness and better hazard management. The increase in the frequency of hazard can be assigned to such factors as better global news coverage, increasing population, increasing urbanization and increasing natural degradation. Natural hazards are now being considered as of global importance and global efforts are being made to mitigate them. Major Hydrological & Atmospheric disaster in Bangladesh over 200 years The geographical location, land characteristics, multiplicity of rivers and the monsoon climate render Bangladesh highly vulnerable to...
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...biggest contributing factor for the proneness to disasters. Due to the funnel shaped coast, Bangladesh often becomes the landing ground and breeding place of catastrophic cyclones formed in the Bay of Bengal. The high number of casualties is due to the fact that cyclones are always associated with storm surges. The Bangladesh Red Crescent Society Cyclone Preparedness Program (CPP) is being a joint venture with the Government of Bangladesh, The CPP is an organic component of the nation’s institutional early warning system as clearly defined in the “Standing Order on Disasters”. The BDRCS CPP program is the most successful and an effective model program of its kind in the South-East Asian region. CPP is an effective, grass-root oriented, disciplined and tightly knits organization which is dedicated to the task of protecting the population along with community capacity build up activities. This programme based on the voluntary service of community people and their technical skills and commitment to ensure sufficient warning dissemination, shelter management, search & rescue and first aid services enabling them to cope with the approaching cyclone. This study has been Vol. 2 No. 2 December 2009 u 15 carried out to find the communities perspective about the volunteers performance in time of disaster event. Keywords: Preparedness, warning dissemination, rescue, first aid, risk reduction. Bangladesh is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world. Its geographic location...
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...Change BACKGROUND Bangladesh, a low-lying country is known globally as one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change. Factors contributing to its vulnerability includes its biophysical resources, particularly water which is highly sensitive to climate variability and change, along with high population density, high incidence of poverty, inadequate infrastructure and limited financial resources. This makes water resources, coastal zones and its resources, agriculture and human health the most vulnerable sectors to climate change. Around 66 per cent of the country’s labour force are engaged in agriculture and with their dependence on water, are likely to be hit the hardest by climate change1. The Government of Bangladesh (GoB) has recognized climate change as an important issue and attempts are being made to incorporate potential measures for reducing climate change impacts into overall development planning. Bangladesh has developed the National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA). It has also incorporated climate change into its Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP). The GoB realizes that to reduce the impacts of climate change it is necessary to work across sectors and with active participation of local communities. Thus, the Bangladesh Red Crescent Society (BDRCS) has been working since the 1970s with vulnerable communities, particularly women through the Cyclone Preparedness Programme (CPP), is in a unique position to pursue community-based disaster risk reduction...
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...Bangladeshi local NGOs and their documents in related sea level rise. Sea level rise: Impacts on Bangladesh and the role of NGOs Introduction: climate change is one of the most raising issues in contemporary world. Global warming is an important cause if climate change. The temperature of the world is increasing day by day. As a result the ice of arctic areas is melting. And this is raising the sea level. Though the temperature is increasing equally all over the world but all the countries of the world are not equally affected by this global warming. Usually costal areas, islands, and lower lands are mostly affected by this sea level rise. They are flooded badly each year because of this sea level rise. Global warming not only affects the environmental life but also they affect the political economic and infrastructural basis. Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries of sea level rise. As it is a costal and lower land, so here lives and properties are at a severe risk. One of the island of Bangladesh, named South Talpatti Island has already sank because of sea level rise. NGOs role is very important for Bangladesh. NGOs can play vital role in many ways. NGOs can supply knowledge and information through research which is essential for making strategy and action plan for Bangladesh Government....
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...An Assignment On Climate Refugees: A Study on Bangladesh Course: Refugee and Conflict Course no: 217 Prepared for: Maria Hussain Lecturer Department of Peace and Conflict Studies University of Dhaka Prepared by: Md. Abu Yousuf Class Roll :35, 7th Batch,5th Semester Department of Peace and Conflict Studies University of Dhaka. Date of submission: 25 February, 2015 Introduction: Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of the world had ever before. Environment induced disaster is increasing day by day and has the causes of most vulnerabilities and Climate Refugees. Environmental Refugees refers “the persons who no longer gain a secure livelihood in the traditional homelands because of environmental factors of unusual scope, notably drought, desertification, deforestation, soil erosion, water shortages and climate change, also natural disasters as cyclones, storm surges and floods.” The most environmental refugee prone areas are Asia and Africa. The number of environmental refugee in Asia is more than 50 million which was about 42 million in 2010. The over populated areas of the world such as South Asia, Horns of Africa are under danger because of the scarcity of natural resources. Although the “environmental refugees” is more important problem and challenge for the international community to protect the stability of the world system but they are silent. So for the ignorance of international law people tolerate unbearable vulnerabilities for this devastating...
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...Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics, 2011;2(2): 4-19 RIVERBANK EROSION DISPLACEES IN BANGLADESH: NEED FOR INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSE AND POLICY INTERVENTION MD Fakrul Islam, Ph.D, and A.N.M. Bazlur Rashid, Ph.D. 1. Professor, Department of Social works, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh 2. University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh ABSTRACT: Environmental refugees are one of the most burning issues at this time throughout the world. Bangladesh, a riverine country, is suffering from acquit riverbank erosion which compels millions of her population to be displaced from their place of origin. As such, 283 locations, 85 towns and growth centers, along with 2400 kilometers of riverbank line in Bangladesh are vulnerable to erosion. The major rivers e.g., the Padma, the Jamuna, and the Meghna, erode several thousand hectares of floodplain making thousands of people landless and homeless every year. Along with the floodplain, Bangladesh loses several kilometers of roads, railways, and flood-control embankments annually. No other disaster is as disastrous as riverbank erosion and ‘Internally Displaced Populations’ (IDP) face many unavoidable problems at different stages of displacement. Displacement marginalized them in respect of livelihood patterns and psycho-physical troubles. Such forty million homeless people in Bangladesh are compelled to lead a floating life. Riverbank erosion plays a major role in socio-environmental changes. The displaced people of riverbank erosion experience substantial...
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...Term Paper on “Climate Change and Bangladesh” Submitted by 1.Quazi Nizam Uddin, ID-5176 2.Kazi Golam Quddus,ID-5168 MBA(F) 4th Batch , Fall semister-2010 Submitted for Mohammad Jahangir Alam Asst Professor , Jahangir Nagar University & South East University Quantitative Analysis for Business decision (Bus-5119) Introduction As a part of our MBA course program we have to submit a term paper. As our course teacher selected the topics “Climate Change and Bangladesh”. Accordingly we have to write on this topic. Climate change is a long-term change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods of time that range from decades to millions of years. It may be a change in the average weather conditions or a change in the distribution of weather events with respect to an average, for example, greater or fewer extreme weather events. Climate change may be limited to a specific region, or may occur across the whole Earth. In recent usage, especially in the context of environmental policy, climate change usually refers to changes in modern climate. It may be qualified as anthropogenic climate change, more generally known as global warming or anthropogenic global warming Bangladesh is frequently cited as one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change because of its disadvantageous geographic location, flat and low-lying topography...
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...population (UN Population Division) Total area Population density Human Development Index (UNDP) (between 0 and 1; 1 is highest) Country rank (total 186 countries; 1 is highest) Gender Inequality Index (0 is equality between women and men; 1 is least equality) Water, sanitation and hygiene-related deaths % of total deaths (WHO) Long-term average annual precipitation (CRU CL 2.0) Long-term average actual renewable water resources (FAO AQUASTAT) Actual annual renewable water resources per capita (FAO AQUASTAT) 152.41 144 000 km2 1 058 inhabitants/km2 0.515 146 0.518 8.5 % 2 666 mm/year 1 227 million m3/year 8 051 m3/inhabitant 2.9 % 79 % 5 050 000 ha 60 % 73 % 2 sites 611 200 hectares year 2012 2011 2012 million inhabitants 2012 Bangladesh UN-Water Country Brief 2004 2011 2011 2012 2008 2009 2008 2008 2008 2013 Water withdrawals by sector (total 35 870 million m3 in 2009) % of total actual renewable freshwater resources withdrawn (MDG Water Indicator) (FAO AQUASTAT) Groundwater withdrawal as % of total freshwater withdrawal (FAO AQUASTAT) Total area equipped for irrigation (FAO AQUASTAT) % of the cultivated area equipped for irrigation (FAO FAOSTAT and FAO AQUASTAT) 88% 10% 2% Agricultural Municipal Industrial % of irrigation potential equipped for irrigation (FAO AQUASTAT) Ramsar sites (Ramsar) – number – total area The Money Stream During 2007 to 2011, the government invested US$ 259.30 million (in constant 2010 US$) on average per year on...
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...Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim International Islamic University Chittagong Department of ELL An assignment on Climate change and its effect on Bangladesh Course code: URBS-4802 Course title: Bangladesh Studies Prepared for: Mohammad Tawhidul Islam Lecturer Department of CEN-URC International Islamic University Chittagong Prepared by: Mohammad Sahidul Islam Matric no: N081025 Department of ELL International Islamic University Chittagong Date of submission: 21st January, 2012 Introduction: The coastal areas of Bangladesh are different from rest of the country because of their unique geo-physical characteristics and different socio-political consequences that often limit people’s access to endowed resources and perpetuate risk and vulnerabilities. Bangladesh’s coast is the biggest victim to natural disasters and highly affected by climate change with problems including salinity and water logging, soil erosion, flooding and cyclones. A dramatic increase in the level of interest and concern relating to the impact of “Climate Change” on Bangladesh is readily apparent. The consequential high level of visibility of this issue within Government, Civil Society and the international community...
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