...to our deepest values. We have an independent will that does not allow genetic influences or the environment to dictate our actions. We have an infinite creative imagination that allows us to create beyond our reality but perhaps the most uniquely human endowment we all possess is self-awareness. Self-awareness is the recognition of how we feel and how we behave. It also allows us to examine why we exist and ultimately, that we are going to die. While self-preservation is a characteristic to both humans and animals, the understanding of one’s own mortality is uniquely human. How do we, as humans, deal with the terror that is associated with this knowledge? According to Terror Management Theory (TMT), developed by Jeff Greenberg, Sheldon Solomon, and Tom Pyszczynski (1989), the need for “terror management” is a fundamental function possessed by humans and cultural systems. Based on the writings of anthropologist Ernest Becker and inspired by Freud’s work on how death provokes belief in mystical transcendence, TMT can provide explanations for a variety of human behaviors and relate them to the basic reason of why humans protect themselves from mortality awareness (Magdalena Smieja et al., 2006). The actuality that we are all going to die, one of the only certainties in life, is an on-going source of existential anguish for humans. This anguish stems from our desire to preserve life and the awareness of this impossibility. Since we cannot resolve this paradox, we use culture...
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...The Contributions of Management Theory and Practice to Emergency Management John C. Pine is the Director of the Disaster Science and Management, Professor-Research with the Department of Environmental Studies and Interim Chair of the Department of Geography and Anthropology at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, LA. (225) 578-1075 Email: jpine@lsu.edu httt://www.risk.lsu.edu Abstract This chapter takes a look at the impact that management theory and how the basic functions and practice of management as well as the role of the manager and approaches to management have contributed to the practice of emergency management. Current views of management theory stress the changing nature of the external environment and the need to understand and address these external forces for change. The contribution and role of systems theory and contingency theory to the emergency management process is stressed. Although some might view that we do not manage disasters, there is an overlap between the contribution of management theory and emergency management. Management theory stresses the need for effective planning to ensure that organizational goals are obtained. Emergency and crisis management emphasize that effective emergency response and recovery is based on good planning. Building sustainable organizations and communities is a common goal of both management and emergency management. Management and disaster-related issues and concerns along with strategies to improve...
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...The Contributions of Management Theory and Practice to Emergency Management John C. Pine is the Director of the Disaster Science and Management, Professor-Research with the Department of Environmental Studies and Interim Chair of the Department of Geography and Anthropology at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, LA. (225) 578-1075 Email: jpine@lsu.edu httt://www.risk.lsu.edu Abstract This chapter takes a look at the impact that management theory and how the basic functions and practice of management as well as the role of the manager and approaches to management have contributed to the practice of emergency management. Current views of management theory stress the changing nature of the external environment and the need to understand and address these external forces for change. The contribution and role of systems theory and contingency theory to the emergency management process is stressed. Although some might view that we do not manage disasters, there is an overlap between the contribution of management theory and emergency management. Management theory stresses the need for effective planning to ensure that organizational goals are obtained. Emergency and crisis management emphasize that effective emergency response and recovery is based on good planning. Building sustainable organizations and communities is a common goal of both management and emergency management. Management and disaster-related issues and concerns along with strategies...
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...Having a disaster recovery plan in place for your business is essential to ensuring your company’s longevity and security. Most businesses either completely neglect to consider their needs if a catastrophe were to occur, or they create a disaster recovery plan and never follow through with the steps that they have outlined. The point of a disaster recovery plan is to keep your business running as smoothly as possible after a disaster. Mind you, hopefully, the moment will never come, but it’s best to consider all possibilities and be prepared for the worst. 1. Critical Jobs. Make a list of all the employees you have and all their job titles. Which jobs are absolutely crucial to keeping your business running? For some businesses it may be their customer service attendants, their accountants, their web developer. In times of necessity Sales can probably be held off for a while. These critical jobs are the ones you need to have running as quickly after the disaster as possible. Have a plan for where they can be relocated quickly if disaster strikes. 2. Necessary Equipment. If an emergency does occur, time, money, and space will all be limited. Make a list of the bare minimum, absolutely crucial equipment your employees will need to continue doing their jobs. Computers, telephones, cash registers, data servers etc. Obviously they will probably need some desks and chairs as well. 3. Back up Important Files. If your business runs on information you are playing with...
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...Institution Course Date Crisis plan Hurricane Katrina was considered as one of the most destructive disaster in the history of the U.S. The extent of damage and level of response during the occurrence of the crisis was a clear indication, that the government lacked management plans and procedures needed to mitigate the outcome. One of the plans that were put into action in the state of Mississippi was the use of the National Guard to enhance relief operations. This was part of the overall plan, the “National Response plan” (Dudley, 2006). This paper aims at evaluating strategies and situations during the occurrence of the Hurricane Katrina Natural Disaster. By so doing, workable strategies are highlighted and the reasons behind their use supported with due consideration to resource availability. The paper further presents an analysis of the Mississippi crisis plan whileexplaining the efficacy of elements selected for the “National Response Plan” consequently stating how the plan could be relevant in either Louisiana or Alabama.The paper summarizes by presenting missing elements. From the journal ‘After Katrina: Building back better than ever’ which is a report by James Barksdale who is the Chairman of the Governor’s Commission on Recovery, Building and Renewal, it is made rife that the ‘National Response Plan’ (NRP) was a workable strategy that provided a big boost to the disaster management efforts made by the American government (Governor's Commission on Recovery, Rebuilding, and Renewal...
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...belief that all citizens have the capability to rise above adversity and to thrive in spite of the adversity. Resilience theory is a strengths based model, which means attention is on giving the opportunities and supports that encourage life success, instead of attempting to get rid of the issues that promote failure. Sometimes resilience is confused with the idea of resistance. Resistance is an effort to stop or prevent disruptive events from occurring. Some strategies applied in resistance include physical countermeasures like creating firewalls to shield computer systems from attack. On the other hand, resilience presupposes that resistance might not always be an option and therefore incorporate the provision of or access to optional services and resources if the resistance approach fails. Resilience is not antithetical to resistance. Resilience encompasses resistance because if a society can resist an interruption, its resources are sufficient to prevent the interruption from reducing society functioning with no need for adaption. However, an approach that just directs resources towards resisting threats will almost surely be expensive, and maybe conflict with individual and societal liberties. Resilience is also much better because when resistance strategies do not succeed, they have a propensity to fail catastrophically. Resilience theory is based on a community’s adaptive ability. Resilience entails a community’s ability to remember and store experiences...
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...RESEARCH PROPOSAL I. Research Title: ASSESSMENT OF DISASTER PREPAREDNESS IN 8 SELECTED BARANGAYS OF DAGUPAN CITY II. Name of Proponent/ Institution: PIMSAT Colleges III. Address: Bolosan District, Dagupan City, Pangasinan 2400 a. Name and Designation of Faculty/ Researcher Rodrigo P. de Vera, Jr., Ed.D.- Research Leader Members: Rosita Carvajal 3/E Armado Deleňa 2/M Eduardo Poblete Oliver Quinto b. Name of Institution: PIMSAT Colleges c. Name of Head of Institution: Atty. Rebene Carrera IV. Contact Information: 09086548323/ rodrigo_dvjr@yahoo.com.ph V. Background of the Study Dagupan City is a major urban center in Northern Luzon. It is a sub-regional center for trade and commerce, finance, education and health services of Region 1 (www.facebook.com/ddagupandream?fref=ts). With a population of 161, 375, it is located along the seacoast and at the eastern margin on the delta of Agno River (Dagupan City Disaster Coordinating Council, 2011). It has a total land area of 4008 hectares with 31 barangays. It lies one meter above sea level and Pantal River flows through the city. This poor elevation of the City makes it more vulnerable to flooding. This geological characteristic of Dagupan is the reason why the City is the catch basin of flood waters from the neighboring towns as there are seven river...
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...Case Study: Managing Motivation – Incentive Pay and the Pike River Disaster I chose this case study as many of the issues highlighted within the article are relevant within many business types and the consequences of overlooking such issues can result in catastrophic outcomes that impact on all involved. I also was intrigued with regard to the responsibility management had for the outcome of the Pike River Mine disaster which then sparked an interest in finding out what measures could have been taken to prevent such tragedy from occurring. Contemporary Management Issues Failing Human Relations Management (HRM) & Occupational Health & Safety Management (OHSM) Responsibilities. Background and context of the company Pike River Coal Ltd carried out business within the industrial sector of coal mining with ownership of the rights to premium hard coking coal resources in the South Islands of New Zealand (Dept of Internal Affairs, 2012 par. 2). Furthermore, Pike River Coal Ltd is the company behind the tragic Pike River mine disaster that took place on 19th November 2010 claiming 29 lives, and producing four separate explosions within a few days...
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... Dr. Quarantelli is a widely known scholar of the social science of disasters. His first involvement in the area dates back to 1949 when he participated in the first disaster field studies in the National Opinion Research Centre (NORC) team. Quarantelli is also author and/or editor of 29 books as well as author of 101 chapters in books, 114 articles and 150 other publications mostly on disaster topics. The article chosen for this assignment was published in The Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management (JCCM), in December 1996. JCCM is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers all theoretical and practical aspects relating to crisis management and published by Blackwell. 2.0 ARTICLE SUMMARY The article assumes two master trends, industrialisation and urbanisation. The author discusses the likely negative and positive affects that will emanate from these trends at some stage in the future. The first trend, industrialisation, with its ever increasing development of technology, is expanding rapidly and this article provides examples on the advances in both computer technology and bio-engineering. Governments, industry and societies have an ever increasing dependence, not only on computer technology, but the linkages to other technologies and massive networks that have been created. This dependence will magnify future disasters and turn some minor emergencies into major crisis. The advancement in bio-engineering has the potential...
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...The Chaos Theory By Organizational Development for Healthcare Chaos theory (1960’s- present) this theory is the study of astronomy and mathematics circa 1850. Chaos theory stated the theory that the world is unorganized and events are unpredictable; thus managers must recognize that events cannot be controlled. This is also known as “sensitive to changes in initial conditions. Chaos theory recognizes that the world is unorganized and filled with unpredictable events, therefore, organizational event cannot always be controlled and managers must recognize that they will be faced with unusual challenges. Meaning small changes in which people work or live may result in dramatic change of behavior for some employees in a community. One example is the devastation from Hurricane Katrina. Many employees who lived in New Orleans, Biloxi, and Gulf coast communities never returned to work, and had to leave the area permanently because of the bad conditions, and unbelievable living environment. This disaster not only affects them in the Gulf Coast area, but the entire nation. This disaster can teach today’s health care administrator’s to have actions plans in place, for emergency situations , or establish relationship among other communities, and healthcare organizations in the surrounding area to implement volunteers, and workers that will be willing to help , assistance, temporarily relocate to aid and assist other facilities when the unexpected happen. I believe that...
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...Crisis Management may be defined as the process of preparing for and responding to an unpredictable negative event to prevent it from turning into an even bigger problem, or becoming a full-blown, widespread, life-threatening disaster. It involves the execution of well-coordinated actions to control the damage and preserve or restore confidence in the system under crisis. Risk management, on the other hand, is a process for identifying, assessing, and prioritizing risks of different kinds. Once the risks are identified, the risk manager will create a plan to minimize or eliminate the impact of negative events. Common risks include things like accidents in the workplace or fires, tornadoes, earthquakes, and other natural disasters. It can also include legal risks like fraud, theft, and sexual harassment lawsuits. Risks can also relate to business practices, uncertainty in financial markets, failures in projects, credit risks, or the security and storage of data and records. Theories have been developed to study crisis. Among this theories is High Reliability Theory and Normal Accident Theory. Normal Reliability Theory (HRT) dwells on perception that we can learn from our operating and regulatory mistakes, put safety first and empower lower levels thus making risky quite safe. It asserts that organizations can contribute significantly to the prevention of accidents. National Accident Theory (NAT) operates on the premises that no matter how hard we try there will always...
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...Public Health Community Teaching Work Plan Proposed Community Teaching A disaster is described as an event that causes great damage and loss of life. The world is changing fast, more people are becoming vulnerable to disasters or are forced to cope with acts of violence, financial crises and growing uncertainty, often without adequate support from their governments. With new challenges to humanitarian coordination, concerns over standards and accountability, more capable states and National Societies exercising leadership over humanitarian response and presenting new opportunities to mobilize the collective resources of the IFRC in non-traditional ways, the IFRC must learn, adapt, innovate, and lead to ensure that we remain relevant and achieve greater impact with our humanitarian work. A disaster can be an earthquake, flood, fire, explosion, hurricane, or any event that is catastrophic to infrastructure and claims lives. Disasters affect the lives of thousands of people every year. Being prepared for a disaster can reduce fear and anxiety. Being prepared can also help to decrease the amount of losses that can occur. Individuals and families need to know what to do in the event of a disaster like a hurricane ("FEMA," “n.d”). Communities that consist of military bases face different risks related to disasters. They are at increased risk for nuclear accidents and acts of terrorism. For these reasons, disaster preparedness for the families of Hampton Roads Virginia would be necessary...
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...Community Teaching Work Plan Concepts in Community and Public Health Community Teaching Work Plan Proposed Community Teaching A disaster is described as an event that causes great damage and loss of life. A disaster can be an earthquake, flood, fire, explosion, hurricane, or any event that is catastrophic to infrastructure and claims lives. Disasters affect the lives of thousands of people every year. Being prepared for a disaster can reduce fear and anxiety. Being prepared can also help to decrease the amount of losses that can occur. Individuals and families need to know what to do in the event of a disaster like a hurricane ("FEMA," “n.d”). Communities that consist of military bases face different risks related to disasters. They are at increased risk for nuclear accidents and acts of terrorism. For these reasons, disaster preparedness for the families of Hampton Roads Virginia would be necessary for the community health care nurse to provide. Epidemiological Rational for Topic The area of Hampton Road is located on the eastern coast of Virginia. Being a coastal area, Hampton Roads is vulnerable to strong storms and hurricanes. Hampton Roads is one of the top areas in the country at risk for storm surges resulting from a category 5 hurricane. A Category 5 hurricane could cause $39 billion worth of damage to homes and surrounding areas in Hampton Roads ("Hurricanes and Storms...
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...Popul Res Policy Rev (2010) 29:127–141 DOI 10.1007/s11113-009-9133-x The Role of Community in Disaster Response: Conceptual Models Olivia Patterson • Frederick Weil • Kavita Patel Received: 1 May 2007 / Accepted: 15 October 2008 / Published online: 5 November 2009 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009 Abstract We focus on the role that community plays in the continuum of disaster preparedness, response and recovery, and we explore where community fits in conceptual frameworks concerning disaster decision-making. We offer an overview of models developed in the literature as well as insights drawn from research related to Hurricane Katrina. Each model illustrates some aspect of the spectrum of disaster preparedness and recovery, beginning with risk perception and vulnerability assessments, and proceeding to notions of resiliency and capacity building. Concepts like social resilience are related to theories of ‘‘social capital,’’ which stress the importance of social networks, reciprocity, and interpersonal trust. These allow individuals and groups to accomplish greater things than they could by their isolated efforts. We trace two contrasting notions of community to Tocqueville. On the one hand, community is simply an aggregation of individual persons, that is, a population. As individuals, they have only limited capacity to act effectively or make decisions for themselves, and they are strongly subject to administrative decisions that authorities impose on them....
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...INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT INDORE ONE YEAR EXECUTIVE POST GRADUATE PROGRAMME (EPGP 2009-10) Supply Chain Management Instructor - Prof. Jayanth Jayaram Supply Chain Issues and RecommendationsDisaster Management Date: 30-01-10 Submitted By: Vikram Duggal 2009EPGP 040 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 2 4 Executive Summary ................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Disaster Management-Supply Chain Perspective .................................................... 4 No table of contents entries found. Executive Summary Disaster management deals with avoiding risks. It involves preparing, supporting, and rebuilding society when natural or man-made disasters occur. Disaster management is a continuous process by which all individuals, groups, and communities manage hazards in an effort to avoid or ameliorate its impact. A supply chain, or supply network is a coordinated system of organizations, people, activities, information and resources involved in moving a product or service in physical or virtual manner from supplier to customer. Customers in this case are people facing the crisis. They formed the focus of the entire supply chain development. Over the past few years, the natural disasters floods, hurricanes etc have highlighted the low levels of disaster preparedness and inability of the hospitals and relief organizations to respond effectively. The quick response of relief organizations in the early stages of disaster can lower its...
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