...The impact of HIV&AIDS, TB, and malaria in Africa Jack Saint Mary University Introduction Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), tuberculosis (TB) and malaria, which are extremely serious diseases, kill millions of people every year. Most of the deaths are found in developing countries, especially in Africa. Vietor K. Barbiero (2006) reports that during 2005 alone, approximately 2.8 million people died from HIV/AIDS in Africa, half a million Africans is killed by TB, and close to 900,000 Africans are killed by malaria every year (p.6-7). Three of the most serious contagious diseases (HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria) have significant impact on healthcare, economy, and education in Africa. HIV leads to AIDS. According to AVERing HIV&AIDS (2010), HIV is a kind of virus that damages immune system cells step by step. As a result, the body becomes weaker and weaker and becomes more susceptible to contagions. AIDS will evolve when HIV destroys the immune system enough (Para.3). AVERing HIV&AIDS also reports that AIDS is a “medical condition”. A person is believed to have AIDS when his or her immune system becomes too feeble to repel contagions (para.1). HIV/AIDS in Africa HIV/AIDS is one of the most serious diseases. It alone kills a huge amount of people every year in Africa. For example, Barbiero (2006) reports that although Africa has only 15 percent of the world’s population, 60 out of 100 infected people...
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...HIV Mandatory Testing for Pregnant Women HIV is an important issue among the world, and it has attracted a lot of people’s attention. Besides, it also bring a lot of problems to the society. Nowadays, many people debate that should pregnant women take HIV mandatory testing. It means whether or not every female should take HIV mandatory testing when they are pregnant, and it is forced for them. Many people support that because they think taking HIV mandatory testing can reduce the rate of HIV infection for newborn, and many people disagree that because they think that would be disrespectful behavior for female’s privacy. In the book “HIV Testing and Counselling in Prisons and Other Closed Settings: Technical Paper”, the author stated “WHO [] estimates that only about 10 percent of persons living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries know their HIV status (WHO/UNAIDS, 2007). In many of these countries, access to HIV testing remains limited. Many high-income countries also estimate that a significant number of people living with HIV are not aware of their HIV status (OSI, 2007)”. It means that fewer people know their HIV condition, and they have low recognition to care about HIV. In addition, most people do not pay much attention to HIV problems in the society, and it would be a large risk for newborn HIV transmission. Faced with this condition, people would like to take some actions to release this terrible condition, and they want to find some methods to solve this problem...
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...totally or nearly eradicated by our public health system. http://www.fairus.org/issue/illegal-immigration-and-public-health The migrations of the illegal immigrants also bring another big problem to our country that is dangerous diseases. As we know illegal immigrants come from rural areas and when they enter our boundaries they do not even go to the public or the private health department for a medical check-up. Diseases such as HIV, AIDS and TB are some of the disease brought by them. The health problem will enlarge because this illegal immigrant brings lot of health problem from their country. For instance the HIV, it refers to the smuggling of women for the purposes of forced prostitution and this will lead to HIV virus in other hand it will increase the total of fatality. Because of these diseases, entire citizens become afraid to be affected by those and some of them have been a victim of the diseases. Nowadays, more and more people are suffering from these diseases and this contributes towards the cases of death. http://www.scribd.com/doc/20796447/The-Effect-of-Illegal-Immigrants-in-Malaysia-FINAL-DRAFT#scribd Secondly, those illegal immigrants make our country overpopulation which is population growth that exceeds the carrying capacity of an area or environment...
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...JORIND (9)1 June, 2011. ISSN 1596-8303. www.transcampus.org/journals. www.ajol.info/journals/jorind PSYCHO-CULTURAL VARIABLES PREDICTING ATTITUDE OF STUDENTS’ TOWARDS HIV COUNSELLING AND TESTING IN SELECTED TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA. Olujide Adekeye, Augustine Ebiai and Sussan Olufunmilola Adeusi Department of Psychology, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria E-mail: oadekeye@covenantuniversity.com, aebiai@yahoo.com, funmiswayas@yahoo.com Abstract The aim of the present study was to assess attitude of young people (n=287, mean=20.5 years) towards testing for HIV/AIDS. The participants completed a standard socio-demographic questionnaire, indicating sexual behaviour, cultural beliefs and practices, attitude to HCT, and knowledge of HIV/AIDS. Descriptive and inferential statistics at 0.05 alpha level were used to analyze the data. The study indicates that most participants have poor knowledge of HCT centres in their communities, but had a fairly high knowledge level of HIV. The findings of this study include that there is a significant difference in the disposition to HCT between respondents who have experienced sexual intercourse and those who have not (t = 3.866, df = 285: p<0.05) and between male and female respondents (t = 4.775, df = 285; p< 0.05). The study also shows that knowledge of HIV/AIDS was the strongest predictor of attitude of young people towards HCT ( = 0.547; t = 3.458 p<0.05), closely followed by cultural practices ( = 0.324; t = 2.740 p<0.05)...
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...HIV/AIDS IN LOUISIANA 2010 While the Federal government’s investment in treatment and research is helping people with HIV/AIDS live longer and more productive lives, HIV continues to spread at a staggering national rate. The latest incidence data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates nationally there were 48,100 new HIV infections in 2009. The graph below depicts the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Louisiana through 2010 according the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals. Note that the following HIV/AIDS statistics only represent a portion of the epidemic in the U.S.—those cases that have been both confirmed through testing and reported. Reported AIDS Casesi Number Currently Living with HIV (not AIDS) Number Currently Living with HIV/AIDS Number Currently Living with AIDS Cumulative AIDS Cases 25000 20,923 20,143 20000 18,308 17,387 16,277 15,323 15000 10000 8,684 7,593 9,379 10,035 8,273 8,008 5000 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 1 Last Updated: July 21, 2011 Demographic Trendsii The HIV/AIDS epidemic disproportionately affects those at risk from social factors such as disparity and discrimination. The following demographic numbers are from the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals as of December 31, 2010. PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS BY GENDER, 2010 Female 30% Male 70% PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS BY RACE / ETHNICITY, 2010 Black, Not Hispanic White, Not Hispanic ...
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...population demographics, and the general impact that changing demographics may have on the health care market, why and how will changes in the demographics of this population affect health care. Furthermore, identify two key health care-related challenges with patients with AIDS, and describe how a chronic disease wellness programs may affect the cost for the demographic. And last, how can an individual patient in the community and society as whole address these challenges. The Center for Disease Control (CDC), has estimated that there are more than one million people living with HIV/AIDS in the United States (Center of Disease Control, 2011). AIDS arrived in the United States in 1969 through an infected immigrant from Haiti. In the 1970s and 1980s, there was an estimated one million or more people that were infected with AIDS and half million individuals had died from AIDS in the United States. HIV is a silent disease that can be undetected. CDC stated that roughly fifty thousand annual infections between 2006 and 2009 in the United States are infected with AIDS. The largest number of AIDS was among white men who have sex with men followed by African-American men. And Hispanic men and African-American women (Center of Disease Control, 2011). According to U.S. Department of Health & Human Services (2012), “Gay and bisexual men of all races are the most severely affected by AIDS. More than seventeen-thousand people with AIDS in the United States died in 2009 and more than 619...
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...Epidemiology Paper: HIV Grand Canyon University: NRS-427V 08/09/2015 Human immunodeficiency virus, otherwise known as HIV, is a serious disease that affects the bodies’ immune system. HIV affects the immune cells, specifically called the CD4 cells or T cells. As time passes, these cells are destroyed and soon the body begins to lose its ability to fight off infections and disease. HIV is the virus that could lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS. Unfortunately, there is no cure for HIV, meaning once infected, you will remain infected for the rest of your life. The earliest HIV case was known to be in 1959. While it is unknown when exactly it came about, or from where, the transfer of the disease is thought to be from animal to human decades earlier. Some scientists believe that the chimpanzee transmitted the virus to humans, back when humans would hunt the chimpanzees for their meat. The contact with their HIV infected blood caused the spread of the communicable disease. After slowly spreading across Africa through the years, the virus made its way out into the world. “The first cases of HIV in the United States date back to 1981.” (Holland, 2013) The HIV infection is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus. There are many myths about how HIV is spread; the truth of how it is spread is simple, through blood, semen, vaginal/rectal fluids and breast milk. “These fluids must come in contact with a mucous membrane or damaged tissue or be directly injected...
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...equality and empower women, reduce child mortality, improve maternal health, combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases, ensure environmental sustainability, develop a global partnership for development are the eight goals developed by the members of UN (World Health Organization [WHO], 2012). The purpose of this paper is to give an overview about Millennium Development Goal 6 which is, Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases. Implication for Millennium Development Goals The eight Millennium Development Goals are a global agenda to improve the wellbeing of people around the world. The progress report on MDG issued in 2009, shows that policies and actions backed by adequate funding and strong political commitment can yield results. Death rate due to AIDS, have significantly reduced and many countries are implementing strategies to combat malaria and measles. There are many challenges still remaining due to the current economic status of several countries (Mattson, 2010) Millennium Development Goal 6: combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases HIV/AIDS, Malaria and TB are major challenges of public health in the poorest countries of the world. Every 30 seconds, a child in Africa is dying due to Malaria. Many children who suffer from Malaria develop learning disabilities or brain damage ("End Poverty 2015 Millennium Campaign," n.d). Millennium Development Goal 6 which is, combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases is interrelated with several other goals, such as...
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...Lê Thị Ngọc Thúy Nick name: Thúy BéoHà Nội, Việt NamAges : 23Mobile: 093.2288.790 Skype & Yahoo: le_thuy37Email: lengocthuy37@gmail.comFacebook : facebook.com/lengocthuy0307“Tôi tự cho rằng mình là một người quân tử, biết lắng nghe, chủ động, nhiệt tình và đáng tin cậy”. | KỸ NĂNG & KHẢ NĂNG * Kỹ năng quản lý vấn đề * Kỹ năng chào hàng, telesales * Kỹ năng làm việc theo nhóm * Kỹ năng lập kế hoạch và báo cáo * Kỹ năng thuyết trình đàm phán * Kỹ năng quản lý sự kiện * Kỹ năng sử dụng tốt các phần mềm văn phòng * Kỹ năng bán hàng * Kỹ năng trình diễn vấn đề * Khả năng truyền cảm hứng * Khả năng sáng tạo/ creative thinking * Khả năng tư vấnKINH NGHIỆM1 - Công ty VTC Academy - Tư vấn tuyển sinh & marketing online ( Tầng 06 Toà nhà VTC Online, 18 Tam Trinh, Hà Nội, từ tháng 04/2013 – 10/2013) VTC Academy được thành lập vào năm 2010, với tầm nhìn là trở thành cơ sở đào tạo và nghiên cứu Công nghệ nội dung số hàng đầu tại Việt Nam. Chương trình đào tạo tại VTC Academy theo chuẩn quốc tế được hệ thống BTEC (Anh Quốc) chứng nhận. Hiện nay, VTC Academy đang đào tạo ngành học “đón đầu” xu hướng phát triển trong lĩnh vực lập trình và thiết kếCông việc: * Tìm kiếm khách hàng, tìm hiểu về đối thủ cạnh tranh * Trực tiếp tư vấn tuyển sinh: Học viên tại văn phòng tuyển sinh, telesales, email và các hình thức online, sự kiện bên ngoài. * Sắp xếp, cập nhật thông tin học viên mỗi ngày vào hệ thống cơ sở dữ liệu * Hỗ trợ hoạt động marketing online...
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...Dominicans in the USA are equivalent to 8% of their respective populations of origin (UNECLAC 2002: 237). And, in some of the mini states in the region like St. Kitts and Nevis, Grenada and Belize, annual labour migration accounts for as much as 12% of their population, thereby transferring their population growth (Mittelman 2000: 60). In addition, the loss of highly educated individuals from the Caribbean was due to the brain drain and the question of migration and remittances and if they could improve the standards of living for the individuals, their families and communities hence, aiding in the development of the region at large. The issue of migration and development has health and security risks associated with it for instance, HIV/AIDS and the increase in deportees into the Caribbean. Emigration in the Caribbean has occurred in two waves. The first wave occurred in the 1950s and 1960s in the Western economies during the post World War II which was a result of improved standards of living by finding full employment and lack of work in unskilled and semiskilled jobs. The second wave was due to the outcome of global economic restructuring and both economic and social decline in Caribbean countries. Emigration in the Caribbean led to the increasing need of domestic workers, teachers, nurses and doctors in Northern countries. There have also been political reasons for Caribbean migration as exemplified by the case of the Cuban Mariel boatlift in 1980 and the “rafters...
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...Uganda that provides HIV/AIDS services to persons living with the virus. The organization was founded by Noerine Kaleeba and fifteen volunteers who had little to no experience to support persons living with HIV/AIDS in 1987. TASO expanded its operation to four regional offices and 10 service centers in most parts of Uganda. In 2004 TASO came up with the initiative by offering antiretroviral therapy (ART) to most of its clients on first come, first serve basis. Although the organization overpowered with financial support from numerous NGO‘s and other organizations, in 2006 funds started depleting as a result of mismanagement which pose significant threat to its survival. Additionally, TASO assertion of it robust development and accomplishment in Uganda continues to be one of great success reflecting on how it initially started. The main issued identified from the case-TASO: The main issue identified in the case is whether TASO should remain focus on delivering counselling and support services only to people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Further elaboration is giving through the asking of the listed pertinent questions listed below to properly analyze the case: * What measures should Coutinho and his staff take to maintain their client-centered ethos while delivering services in a more cost-effective way? * TASO unarguable lacks the full capacity of human resources and financial resources to continue its humanitarian outreach for people living with HIV/AIDS in Uganda. Therefore...
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...Analysis of recruitment issues and their impacts on the strategic issues The Black Coalition for AIDS Prevention (Black CAP) motto is "Because All Black People’s Lives Are Important", they aim at reducing the multiplication of HIV/AIDS infections within the Black communities in Toronto and improve the life of those affected by HIV/AIDS (Black Coalition for AIDS Prevention, 2014). Between 1999 and 2003 the number of Black people having AIDS increased by 80% (Remis 2006) and in 2003 about 12% of the population with HIV/AIDS in Toronto were black (Lawson et al. 2006). Black CAP seems to have a very dedicated workforce, however as Ryan noticed the present workforce was not enough and his workload was quite high. Ryan had about 75 volunteers at his disposal however studies have shown that more than 33% of the volunteers for a year will not be volunteering the next year as mentioned by Eisner et al. (2011, 2009). In 2013 the estimated worth of volunteer time was $22.55 per hour (National Value of Volunteer Time 2014), so instead of relying more and giving more responsibilities to paid workers Shannon could put more trust in his volunteers. Before the arrival of Ryan at Black CAP, the organization was short on staff, so his first initiative was to recruit more staff which was a good as these people were delivering on the funders’ requirements. Response to the funders meant that they will continue to donate. However with the introduction of new staffs Ryan workload increased as each...
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...Assessment Tool Analysis Dorcas NUR/440 March 26, 2012 Vicki Clithero Assessment Tool Analysis Assessment is an important aspect of nursing care; it is the first phase of the nursing process. Assessment involves gathering information or data about and related to the patient. Data collected include physiological, psychological, environmental, sociocultural, economical, spiritual, developmental history of the patient. Data may be objective or subjective. Objective data refer to the measurable and observable signs, e.g. the patient’s facial expression, gait, pulse rate, heart rate, blood pressure, color, warmth, etc. Subjective data are obtained from the patient; and they are the patient’s account of his or her feelings, needs, and strength. Data are obtained by physical examination and by interviewing the patient, family, friends, and other health care providers. Assessment tools are used during the assessment phase of the nursing process to identify areas of actual or potential problems that need further exploring; they are developed to pinpoint areas of health issues with the aim of promoting, improving, and maintaining the health of the individual. The three assessment tools chosen for this paper are: Social Support Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, and Perceived Stress Scale. Social Support Questionnaire Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ) is an assessment tool that measures individual evaluation of social support that may be available to them in case...
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...INTERNATIONAL HIV/AIDS ALLIANCE In 2009, 33 million people were living with HIV/AIDS. About 5 million of them had access to treatment (UNAIDS, 2010). The international HIV/AIDS alliance is a network of organizations throughout the world that is dedicated to combating the spread and the effects of HIV and AIDS. This work analyzes the issues faced by Alliance and addresses some strategic recommendation. The history, development, and growth of the organization over time The international HIV/AIDS Alliance was created in 1993. It is a result of discussions within a group of donor agencies and international organizations on how to give more support to community groups in developing countries that were carrying out work around HIV (Alliance, foundation, 2009). The Alliance has its head quarter (the international secretary) in Brighton, UK. Through its Linking Organization (LOs) the Alliance has been helping to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, Eastern Europe and Latin America. There were about 32 LOs in 2009 throughout the world. These LOs are supporting 1270 community and NGOs across the globe. The alliance strategy in 2006 was to significantly scale up the universal access to comprehension HIV/AIDS services. By 2010 the Alliance had reached 2.3 million adults and children globally. A 75% growth compare to 2007. With an income of more than US$ 63 million in 2007, the alliance reached US$ 72.7 million in 2008 (a 12% increase).of these, 81% were restricted...
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...Running head: NURSING, AN INTEGRAL PART OF HEALTH PROMOTION Nursing, an Integral Part of Health Promotion Grand Canyon University: NRS 429V September 18, 2011 Nursing, an Integral Part of Health Promotion Introduction Everyone in this global society has rights. All humans are born free regardless of race, color or creed. Everyone is entitled to these freedoms. In the pursuit of these freedoms, health is encompassed under these dignities. Everyone on this planet has the right to be healthy. This paper will examine the nurses’ role in helping people attain these rights. What and Why of Health Promotion? According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health is defined as “a state of complete physical, social and mental well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (WHO, 1998, p. 1). Health promotion is the process of empowering people to expand control over, and to improve their health. Health promotion is an encompassing process- it is social, it is political, it is economical, it is ever-changing. It not only embodies measures focused on strengthening the skills and capabilities of individuals to attain their inalienable right to attain optimal health, but it is also directed towards changing global perspective as well. Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over the factors of health, thereby improving their health (WHO, p. 1). Nursing Roles and Responsibilities Involvement is essential to sustain health promotion...
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