...According to the Atlantic, only one percent of the adult population in America, whose native language is English, is proficient in a foreign language—in Europe, the average is 56 percent. This discrepancy is partly due to the globalization of English, which encourages non-native English speakers to learn English, while native English speakers do not have this same cultural influence to learn another language. However, that is no excuse for native English speakers. For the 2014-2015 school year, the high school graduation rate reached 83%, as surveyed by npr.org. 83% of students from that year attended schooling regularly for twelve years and graduated, meeting the requirements of a variety of standardized testing...
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...enhance instruction and learning. I will also discuss the theory of information processing and how it applies to student learning. Also I will compare adolescence student learning in a social environment and social environment. This paper will address delayed languages development affect on teachers and the learning in children and adolescences and also the positive and negative affects on students thinking abilities. Observation Analysis Introduction I observed the classroom of Mrs. Alicia Freeman. Mrs. Freeman is an 11th grade chemistry teacher at Carver High School. She teaches chemistry to six different classes daily. Her classroom is located in a technology classroom but the students gathered in the science laboratory classroom to complete their weekly laboratory assignment. Which educational theories were employed? The educational theories employed in her classroom are Bandura’s Social Learning Theory and Lev Vygotsky’s Social Development Theory. The Social Learning Theory, also called Observational Learning “occurs when an observer's behavior changes after viewing a behavioral model. An observer's behavior can be affected by the positive or negative consequences called vicarious reinforcement or vicarious punishment - of a model's behavior” (Educational Theories, October 2012). The Social Learning Theory entails three parts, attention, retention, and reproduction. Attention occurs when the child needs to pay attention to the learning. Retention is the child’s...
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...measures only the intellectual and academic dimensions of intelligence and Gardner’s multiple intelligences suggests eight separate domains of intelligence, each with their strategies for measurement. On this variety the teacher went so far as to work the precepts of Sternberg’s triatric theory of intelligence, but not so far as to try and cover Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences. The day in which I observed the class was on Friday, and it was test day. There were two tests, a spelling test and a language comprehension test. Both tests definitely gauged intellectual ability to the absence of any type of measure about practical or creative intelligence. The students, however, after the tests were asked to color, cut out, and paste a large fish to their folders (creative), and then the teacher had a story time where the class talked about the dangers of not playing in the rain while lightning (practical). Which educational theories could have been used to better enhance instruction and learning? Gardner’s multiple intelligences, the naturalistic and intrapersonal aspects of intelligence were those that were used the smallest in the class I observed. The class only goes outside during recess (playground), so there is no time to advance the ability to recognize patterns in nature. I think the teacher tries to compensate by covering...
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...Theory of Teaching Discussion Questions for Chapter 3: Individual differences in second Language Learning Research on learner characteristics 1. It is difficult to assess the influence that people characteristics have on the development of L2 learning because these are rust labels for an entire range of behaviors and characteristics, characteristics such as these are not independent of each other. Another difficulty is how language proficiency is defined and measured. 2. It would help us to understand better the way us humans learn. Intelligence 3. I think it is because learner’s strengths and weakness in these different aptitude components may account for their ability to succeed in different types of instructional programs. People who have high IQ would feel more compatible with grammar lessons and the students who have more communicative approach feel better in audio-lingual methods. Aptitude 4. Abilities targeted by language aptitude test are irrelevant for the language acquisition in communicative language teaching. I disagree with this statement because Leila Ranta (2002) found that children who were good at analyzing language were the most successful learners in an English second language program in which activities almost never involved direct attention to grammar. 5. Wesche (1981): Reported a high level of students and teacher satisfaction when students were matched with compatible teaching environments. Erlam(2005): She found that the learners...
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...A learning disability is a neurological condition that interferes with a person’s ability to store, process, or produce information. Learning disabilities can affect one’s ability to read, write, speak, spell, compute math, reason and also affect a person’s attention, memory, coordination, social skills and emotional maturity. Common learning disabilities include: * Dyslexia – a language-based disability in which a person has trouble with specific language skills, particularly reading. * Dyscalculia – a mathematical disability in which a person has a difficult time solving arithmetic problems and grasping math concepts. * Dysgraphia – a writing disability in which a person finds it hard to form letters, write within a defined space and express ideas. Learning disabilities often run in families. Learning disabilities should not be confused with other disabilities such as mental retardation, autism, deafness, blindness, and behavioral disorders. None of these conditions are learning disabilities. DIFFERENT TYPES OF LEARNING DISABILITY GENERAL LD INFO A learning disability is more than a difference or difficulty with learning—it’s a neurological disorder.More > DYSCALCULIA Dyscalculia refers to a wide range of lifelong learning disabilities involving math.More > DYSPRAXIA Dyspraxia, a disorder that affects motor skill development, often coexists with learning disabilities.More > ADHD & OTHER ISSUES Although not learning disabilities, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity...
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...Language Discussion Psychologists refer language to as an activity that helps people communicate and express thoughts (Sternberg, et al, 370). On the other hand, linguistics focus on the formal approach of language in a system which may be even irrelevant. Psycholinguistics refers language to a system of communication which is either written or spoken that uses words or signs to passing information across a particular community (Bailey 54). Users of a particular language culture with the use of symbols with meanings to share information. According to Hockett all languages used by human beings have common features called linguistic universals. Human beings and animals communicate differently; human language contains 13 features of linguistic...
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...CHILD AND YOUNG PERSON DEVELOPMENT TULAY KOZ Student no 40092565 Evidence record: Louise Burnham Brenda Baker; supporting teaching and learning book Jacqueline Harding: Child development book From birth to adulthood, children are continually develop, grow and learn. The main stages of developments are: * PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT * INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT * LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT * EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT * SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Different age groups have different developmental changes. PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT MILESTONES: Physical development provides the children with the abilities they need to explore and interact with the world around them. They will need to develop in 2 sections. *Gross motor skills; involve the coordination and control of large muscles and skills like walking, sitting, running, … *fine motor skills; involve the coordination and control of small muscles and skills like writing, cutting, holding a rattle, picking up crumbs, … * 0-12 MONTHS PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT First months they can only sucking and swallowing .After few months they can use their hands, start to control their head. About 12 months they can sit without help. They start to stand or creep. * 1-3 YEARS PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT At this age group, they start to use their hands more confidently. For example: they can drink water by themselves .After first birthday, their body start to change and they ca not gain too much weight...
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...Language Acquisition Principles Patricia Hungerford Grand Canyon University: ESL 223N November 17, 2013 Language Acquisition Principles In this essay a professional journal article will be used to research language acquisition principles for ELL students. The article helps educators see how they might apply the information to their teachings in their personal situations. The author of this essay will also react and give her opinion on the articles content. The Walqui article will also be used to describe how each factor affects second language acquisition and address how educators can support the acquisition of a second language. Many things affect students learning such as factors that have to do with the individual, social and societal issues. These factors are language, language distance, native language proficiency, knowledge of the second language, dialect and register, language status, language attitudes, the learner, diverse needs, diverse goals , peer groups , role models, home support the learning process, learning styles, motivation and classroom interaction and quality of instruction(Walqui,2003). As an educator this essay writer needs to know what second language acquisition theories are important to use, knowing the previous afore mentioned theories and factors will help this writer as a teacher be able to meet the needs of my ELL students. We as educators must be able to use scaffolding, sheltered instruction, stages of language proficiency...
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...THE EFFECT OF AFFECT ON FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING: A REVIEW OF THE ANXIETY RESEARCH Thomas Scovel University of Pittsburgh Although studies of the relationship between affective factors and language learning proficiency abound in the literature, the evidence to support such a relationship is difficult to interpret. Much of the problem resides in the fact that a wide range of variables are lumped together under the rubric “affect.” An attempt is made to ameliorate this situation by defining affective variables in terms of traditional psychological theory and classifying them as a subset of those variables intrinsic to the learner. The conflicting evidence dealing with one important affective variable, anxiety, is then examined, and it is shown that ambiguous experimental results can be resolved if the distinction between facilitating and debilitating anxiety is drawn. Further classificatory distinctions are discussed from the abundant experimentation undertaken by applied psychologists, and an attempt is made to consider the implications of some of this research for adult language learning-for some of the new methodologies in EFL as well as for future research opportunities. Affective Variables One does not have to delve deeply into the literature on the relationship between affective variables and second language learning to discover that “affect” is a cover term under which is swept a wide range of disparate constructs and behaviors. Included under the...
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...Factors affecting the way students collaborate in a wiki for English language learning Vida Zorko University of Ljubljana Wikis are believed to be a powerful tool assisting the development of constructivist learning environments, as their very nature supports collaboration. However, not much research has been done into the types of collaborative interaction that take place in wikis when used for learning. The main purpose of this study is to explore the factors that affect the ways students collaborate in the wiki environment. To this end, a qualitative exploration of students’ perceptions of collaboration in the wiki was carried out among sociology students at university level who used this environment in blended, problem based learning as part of their English for Specific Purposes course. The research shows that the wiki promoted many collaborative behaviours among students, such as learning from each other and communicating with the teacher. However, the data indicate that the wiki was less successful in facilitating other types of collaboration, such as communicating with peers and co-constructing products, primarily because the students had the opportunity to collaborate in live meetings and preferred to use Messenger and email to communicate. Overall, the results obtained here confirm that the wiki can be used to enhance effective collaboration in a constructivist approach to language learning. Introduction With rapid advances in Internet technologies an...
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...The behavioral environmental language aspect is affected in numerous ways, the question that my group and I will be addressing is how does the behavioral environment affect children’s language development? We have researched a lot of studies and observed parental participation, socioeconomic status, and the available resources to children. Coupled with articles to integrate with the topic at hand. According to our text book behavior language is a complex learned skill, though many researches do not find this a creatable explanation of how children learn to speak. Strategies such as child-directed speech, recasting, expanding, and labeling are used to help a child develop their language skills. Child-directed speech involves when their parents...
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...Language Acquisition Anale is motivated to learn English. Although, Los Angeles is her place of birth, Spanish is the main language spoken in her household and community. Anale has always attended school, however; she does not have a literary foundation in her first language. Her grandparents are very supportive and encouraging. They believe that the English language is of a higher status and encourage her to learn it. Nonetheless, there are some factors that will play into Anale acquiring these new language skills. First, let us look at the support that Anale receives at home. Home support is a significant element when it comes to learning a second language. Although, it is the idea of some educationalists that parents of students learning the English Language, should only speak English in the home, we also find that it is even more crucial for the parents place great merit on both the native language and English. Other vital factors for success, can be that the parents use the language most comfortable for them to communicate with their children, and show encouragement and attention to the improvement of their child’s successes. This factor can prove to have a very positive impact in how rapidly she can obtain her goal of learning another language. The next factor that may influence Anale’s ability to achieve learning a second language is the proficiency of her native language. The case states that she does not have a literary foundation of her native language. So many things...
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...Language and Culture Differences in cultural language: what is the significance and how does it affect the world? As the world becomes more interconnected by technological advances, the need for interpersonal communication among different cultures has become evidently clear. It is quite obvious that one's culture affects almost all of one's communication behaviors. In “Language Reflects Culture,” and article written by Margaret Cote, she states that “language determines the way a person views the world” (Cote, 1985). She writes about how the Indian people view their surroundings differently than English speaking people. Cote goes on to make a personal statement as to how she sees the world in two different ways, depending on the language she is speaking. In this paper I will discuss how behavior and attitudes are determined by the language one speaks and how language reflects a culture. When considering attitudes and behaviors, one's culture can determine the way an individual processes information and how they cope with reality. Within every culture, frames of reference differ when it comes to concepts and objects. The meaning of a particular word partly depends on the culture's historical relation to the concept or object described. As Margaret Cote states in her article, the Saulteaux people are particular in their usage of the words. Such example would be with the usage of we and you. Their usage of these words are reflective of whether or not they are being...
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...causes deafness and can it be treated? Does a community provide assistances for those in need and do they understand their statues? By reviewing the research about this subject, we will answer all these questions. The American Sign Language started in 1814 by Dr. Thomas Gallaudet. He was helping his neighbor’s daughter, Alice Mason Fitch Cogswell she was nine years old and she was deaf. Dr. Thomas realized how smart Alice was because...
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...Effects of Poor Communication in ELS Language Centers Name Institutional Affiliation Effects of Poor Communication in ELS Language Centers One of the basic differences between human beings and the rest of creation is the ability to communicate. Communications enhances human beings to convey their ideas and thoughts with one another effectively. In all the aspects of human activities, communication is crucial (Udegbe, 2012). Effective communications helps businesses in a myriad ways. First, it enhances clear expectations. Effective communication promotes the establishment of clear expectation for the different parties involved. For instance, effective communication helps the employees to know their organizational expectation such as improving sales levels (Peng & Litteljohn , 2001). Secondly, effective communication promotes relationships in organizations. Clear communication enhances strong relationships between individuals in an organization. Strong relationships are achieved through exchange of crucial information and provision of feedback thereby building trust. Thirdly, effective communication improves teamwork. Effectively communication of organizational goals enhances teams to work together to achieve a common objective. Consequently, performance and satisfaction within an organization improves tremendously. The number of English language learners (ELL) is significantly increasing throughout American public schools. It is estimated that this number will hit ten...
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