...risen due to environmental debates that have rose due to the process. This is because in order to increase the output of gases in the wells, chemical toxins that are harmful to aquatic life and human beings are released to the environment. There are also many risks that arise during and after the process leading to issues of negligence. State regulations have enacted laws and policies that prevent any harm caused by negligence from affecting the environment. Therefore, this paper contains a discussion of the legal issues that are raised by hydraulic fracturing process. Fracking and the safe drinking water Act issues is the most common discussed legal issue. Many arguments have risen due to the quality of underground water since it is contaminated with chemicals thus endangering aquifers. Some concerns raised involve contamination of drinking water since most of it comes from the wells. This water can be dangerous to the ecosystem if it enters drinking water wells. Secondly, management of the contaminated water from fracking wells is also a legal concern. State regulation should ensure that the extraction of the natural gas does not have detrimental effects to the environment. Additionally, public complaints on natural gas extraction have also been increased hindering Hydraulic fracturing process. Public complains arise from the negative impacts of the increase of natural gas development. States should enact minimum requirements through endangerment standard to prevent contamination...
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...What Water is Worth We Need Clean Water to Survive Thomas Fuller, an English author, once wrote, “We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.” Humans are not the only organisms dependent on water for survival. Plants, animals, and the entire planet Earth are dependent on water. The Earth is made up mostly of water, but only three percent of that water can be considered fresh enough for human consumption. With only three percent of the Earth’s water able to be consumed, it is imperative that the cleanliness of the water be sustained by all humans. Water pollution was such a growing issue in the US that the government established the Clean Water Act in 1948, and then revised in 1977. The Clean Water Act made it illegal for anyone to “discharge any pollutant from a point source into navigable waters, unless a permit was obtained” (Environmental Protection Agency, 2/12). Under the original Clean Water Act in 1948, no dumping was allowed by anyone in order to protect the cleanliness of the water. In 1977, it was amended to add that if a permit was obtained, dumping was acceptable. Because of the amendment, the Clean Water Act now only reduces the amount of pollutants going into our water system. Water Pollution: A Growing Issue Water pollution has become a large global issue, especially in developing countries where it is a struggle to find clean drinking water for the inhabitants of the region. There are currently seven different types of water pollution;...
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...Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has proposed a suite of commonsense requirements that together will help combat climate change, reduce air pollution that harms public health, and provide greater certainty about Clean Air Act permitting requirements for the oil and natural gas industry. The proposals are part of the agency’s broad-based strategy under the President’s Climate Action Plan to reduce emissions of the potent greenhouse gas methane and smog-forming volatile organic compounds from this rapidly growing industry. The proposal will complement rules the agency issued in 2012 to reduce pollution from the oil and natural gas industry while helping ensure that development of these energy resources is safe and responsible. The World Health Organization defines air pollution as “the presence of material in the air in such concentration which are harmful to man and his environment.” In fact air pollution is the occurrence or addition of foreign particles, gases, and other pollutants into the air which have an adverse effect on human beings, animals, and vegetation. The various causes of air pollution are: combustion of natural gas, coal and wood in industries, automobiles, aircraft, railways, thermal plants, agricultural burning, kitchens, metallurgical processing (mineral dust, fumes containing fluorides, sulphides and metallic pollutants like lead, chromium, nickel, beryllium, arsenic vanadium, cadmium, zinc, mercury), processing industries like cotton textiles...
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...Urbanization Insert Name Here Insert Affiliation Here Urbanization/CASE Urbanization refers to the reallocation from a rustic to an urban social order due to shifts in global variants. It is a product of economic, political and social advancement that has paved the way for the emergence of large metropolis, cause a spike in the population density of the region. A survey predicted that half of the earth’s inhabitants would reside in urban centers towards the end of 2008 (United Nations). Intimately connected to the processes of modernization, industrialization and rationalization, the phenomenon has it genesis in the Renaissance period. Continuous attacks by the Turks caused the Christians to migrate from the east to the west of Europe. Consequently, the volume of trade rose and European cities besides the coastline progresses impressively. An additional push was given to urbanization upon the advent of the Industrial Revolution; the population density of European and American cities continued to intensify. For instance, the city of Chicago saw it population rise from fifteen individuals to over twenty million in a timeframe of seventy eight year. Yet, the phenomenon took hold of the Asian and African region only after sovereignty from colonial subjugation; in the first and second half of the 20th century, respectively (Howard Gillette Jr.). As mentioned before, the process of urbanization takes place when individuals abandon their rural lifestyle and migrate to...
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...ABRAHAM IDS/3934/06 ………………………… …………………………… Mr. Sumani John Bosco (Supervisor) Date…………………….. DEDICATION This work is dedicated to the parents and relatives of the group members for their love, care, prayers and support. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The group wishes to render its first thanks to the Almighty God without whose divine intervention the work would not have been possible. We also acknowledge the immense contribution of the chiefs, elders and people of Zanko and Sokpayiri communities who contributed in diverse ways to making our research a successful one. The group also likes to acknowledge the various contributions by Zoom lion Ghana Ltd, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Wa Municipal Assembly for making available relevant information pertaining to the project. We are very much grateful to Mr.Sumani John Bosco who supervised this work. We sincerely appreciate his advice, directions, suggestions made towards this work. We are also very thankful...
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... By: GLEIDI B. LEOGAN (BSE-1A) TO: DR. ROSEL W. DELES (ENG.2) I. INTRODUCTION Pollution is a major global concern because of its harmful effects on the person’s health and on the environment. Everyone is affected as we are all inhabitants of this one and only place we call home, our planet Earth. Each person has something to contribute to prevent its further deterioration, to help ourselves, the children and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come. We can help combat pollution in our own immediate environment if we are aware of the nature and form of pollutions and its effects on us and the environment. A pollutant is a waste material that pollutes air, water or soil. Three factors determine the severity of a pollutant, its chemical nature, the concentration and the persistence. There are two main categories of pollutants. Biodegradable pollutants are materials, such as sewage, that rapidly decompose by natural processes. These pollutants become a problem when added to the environment faster than they can decompose. Non-degradable pollutants are materials that either do not decompose or decompose slowly in the natural environment. Once contamination occurs, it is difficult or impossible to remove these pollutants from the environment. I. SOURCES OF EARTH POLLUTION A. AIR POLLUTION SMOG OVER SANTIAGO Set in an enclosed valley between the...
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... By: GLEIDI B. LEOGAN (BSE-1A) TO: DR. ROSEL W. DELES (ENG.2) I. INTRODUCTION Pollution is a major global concern because of its harmful effects on the person’s health and on the environment. Everyone is affected as we are all inhabitants of this one and only place we call home, our planet Earth. Each person has something to contribute to prevent its further deterioration, to help ourselves, the children and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come. We can help combat pollution in our own immediate environment if we are aware of the nature and form of pollutions and its effects on us and the environment. A pollutant is a waste material that pollutes air, water or soil. Three factors determine the severity of a pollutant, its chemical nature, the concentration and the persistence. There are two main categories of pollutants. Biodegradable pollutants are materials, such as sewage, that rapidly decompose by natural processes. These pollutants become a problem when added to the environment faster than they can decompose. Non-degradable pollutants are materials that either do not decompose or decompose slowly in the natural environment. Once contamination occurs, it is difficult or impossible to remove these pollutants from the environment. I. SOURCES OF EARTH POLLUTION A. AIR POLLUTION SMOG OVER SANTIAGO Set in an enclosed valley between the...
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...death for millions of people worldwide, but it is frightening when human settlements are identified with the disease due to the high magnitude at which it strikes the populations. Cancer villages may appear like any other human settlements and people go on with their daily lives as if life was just in its normal state. However, upon scrutiny, these villages have striking characteristics that lead towards the indication that life in these areas may not be normal. In some of these villages, the water from rivers and wells is polluted to the extent that people have to rely on bottled drinking water. In others, some sections that are close to major sources of pollution have been vacated, while other areas are no longer agriculturally productive. In some of these villages, the villagers have turned to dumping garbage into ponds or rivers that are considered ruined by pollution. The level of pollution around the cancer villages has been so rampant that crops die off, fish, shrimp and other water creatures vanish from the rivers, animals become infertile or deformed and children suffer extensively from respiratory diseases. Most of China’s cancer villages have been turned into death pots by the effects of industrial pollution that have increased since 1990s. Therefore, the emergence of China’s cancer villages can be attributed to the rampant industrialization that has been taking place in this nation, failure of government to secure appropriate measures of controlling this pollution,...
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...Warming of the Environment Joseph Nicholas Sr. Warming Of the Environment Wabash River Watershed The Wabash River drainage locale encloses and surrounds a number of huge cities. These include Indianapolis and the great western region of Fort Wayne. Other cities integrated in the region are Bloomington, Muncie, Lafayette, Anderson and Terre Haute. It is important to posit that this watershed also comprises majority of Indiana’s primary farm land. Another name for the Wabash valley in the lower region is Watermelon Country, a name given to it based on the fact that the region produces high quantities of melons and cantaloupes. The soil in this region is sandy and covers cities such as Vincennes and Sullivan. This paper focuses on issues of global warming and its implications to people living in Wabash watershed (Lugar, 2008). Global warming in general According to Farrar (2010), “A simple definition of global warming is a continuing increase in Earth’s overall temperature. The planet’s surface temperature has increased approximately by 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit in the last one hundred and fifty years. In some areas, temperatures may have increased by as much as five degrees Fahrenheit, and other areas, temperatures may have stayed the same or even decreased. To many people, global warming is an immediate danger to the planet. Global warming has been linked to an increase in heat waves and heat related deaths, as well as melting of earth’s polar ice caps, rising sea levels and expanding...
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...COMMUNICATIONS IN BUSINESS 100 Name: Anonymous 2 Student Number: 12345678 Email: anonym2@mail.au Company: Chevron Corporation Title: Corporate Social Responsibility: An Analysis of Chevron Other Details: Semester 1 2014, Bentley Campus (Word Count: 1568) Introduction Multinational Energy Companies, like Chevron Corporation, have a broad and significant social, economic and environmental impact on the globe and as such are in a position to influence the lives of many people. Chevron is involved in many different facets of the energy business, including exploration, refining, production and transportation. The company employs approximately 60 000 people in the oil and natural gas industry, with interest in 180 countries (Chevron Corporation SWAT, 2009). With the rise in global communication associated with the information age, companies like Chevron have to establish symbiotic relationships, focused on sustainable development, with society in order to satisfy increasingly environmentally conscious stakeholders. In this context a symbiotic relationship refers to one that is cooperative and mutually beneficial (Langella et al. 2012, 51). At the foundation of such a relationship is respect for health...
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...6. Social Responsibility & NGO’s Gursharn Dhugga In this report you will learn about the corporate social responsibility of Peru, business ethics, ethical issues in international business and Non-Governmental Organizations in Peru. Corporate Social Responsibility & CSR in Global Companies Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is defined as the voluntary activities undertaken by a company to operate in an economic, social and environmentally sustainable manner. Corporate Social Responsibility in the Mining Sector in Peru seeks to take a first step towards meaningful dialogue about CSR among the different actors involved to help civil society obtain the highest benefits from CSR policies and actions implemented by government and corporations. A legislative proposal on the topic of corporate social responsibility was introduced in Peru in 2005, but it was never implemented and thus there is still no legislation governing CSR in Peru. Small businesses who deal domestically tend to place much less emphasis on operating responsibly than the major companies who rely mainly on exports. Most CSR initiative in Peru seems to come from international organizations and intermediaries; the Swiss AVINA, Kellog, Interamerican, and Ford Foundations are all examples of the attempt to raise CSR awareness. Benefits of CSR Peru’s rapid economic expansion has helped to reduce the national poverty rate by almost 15%, but 44.5% of the population still live below the poverty line....
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...Index SR. NO. | TOPICS | 1 | Acknowledgement | 2 | Introduction OF Water Pollution | 3 | Types of Water Pollution | 4 | Water Pollution Effects | 5 | Ganga River pollution in India | 6 | Extent of problem in West Bengal | 7 | CONSEQUENCES IN KOLKATA AS A RESULT OF WATER POLLUTION | 8 | Water Pollution Solutions | 9 | Water Pollution Preventions | 10 | “Ganga Action Plan” (GAP) | 11 | Conclusion | Introduction Water Pollution India is a land with many beautiful rivers and countryside. In India many of the rivers are considered to be holy, but water pollution in India has caused many of the rivers to be too polluted for use. Water pollution is a very serious problem in India which is the second most populous nation in the world. It is estimated that over 70% of all of India’s surface water is polluted in some way and many of the groundwater reserves have also been contaminated as a result of biological and industrial pollutants. As more and mre water becomes polluted the water pollution in India gets more and more severe. Many rivers have been deemed to be unsafe for human consumption which leads to water scarcity. Water pollution in India also makes irrigating crops difficult. If the water supply is too polluted to drink it should not be used for watering crops. With limited sources of water and pollution increasing every day India is facing a serious water crisis. Water pollution is becoming a huge problem which is faced by all of the human...
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...Industrial Contamination of Livestock and Its Effects on Food Safety Abstract This research paper will examine the government’s attempt to reduce the manufacturing contamination of the nation’s meat supply. Federal, state and local agencies work together in order to create a source, reason, actions necessary to control and prevent foodborne illnesses from reoccurring. Increase in the number of food related illnesses have people wondering if meat and processed food will ever be safe to eat. Cattle contaminated with bacteria such as E-Coli get their way to grocery stores due to improper management of the food production system. Change in food safety policies and assessment guidelines prompted state and local health officials to inform Americans on the dangers of contaminated meat products and other foods. President Obama has proposed new guidelines in the Food Safety Act; more stringent measures taken in the investigation of meat production, factory farming and facilities by the USDA and the FDA. Opposing entities dispute that animals need protection from parasites and bacteria as well also and should be proven that antibiotic use in animals is harmful to humans. There is not enough concrete evidence to prove that use of antibiotics or hormones in meat products are a threat to humans if consumed. So enlighten by the present debate the government has permitted use of chemicals, and other substances in production and processing of meat and processed foods, not for just...
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...that it is not typically a crime of physical violence but rather of sexual hedonism and entitlement. Though flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) is often cited as a date rape drug because of its high potency, strong effects and the ability to cause strong amnesia during its duration of action, investigations into its actual use as a date rape drug have contradicted popular belief. According to research conducted by Michael Robertson from the San Diego Medical Examiner's office and Dr. Mahmoud El Sohly of El Sohly Laboratories, test results indicated that flunitrazepam was only used in around 1% of reported date rapes according to Robertson and 0.33% according to urine lab tests done by El Sohly. In fact, the benzodiazepines midazolam and temazepam were the two most common benzodiazepines utilized for date rape. Ketamine is commonly known as: Black Hole, Bump, Cat Valium, Green, Jet, K, Kit Kat, Psychedelic heroin, Purple, Special K, Super Acid, Keller, Super C, etc. GBL or GHB are popular because "Victims may not be aware that they ingested a drug at all. GHB and its analogues are invisible when dissolved in water, and are odorless. They are somewhat salty tasting, but are indiscernible...
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...of the organisms in the soil. Pollution in soil has adverse effect on plant growth. The introduction of substances, biological organisms, or energy into the soil, resulting in a change of the soil quality, which is likely to affect the normal use of the soil or endangering public health and the living environment. Soil contaminants are spilled onto the surface through many different activities. Most of these are the result of accidents involving the vehicles that are transporting waste material from site of origin to a disposal site. Soil pollution is particularly dangerous for the environment and our health because soil, either in the mountains or in the plains, contains the largest part of the water we drink and produces all the food we need. There are many types of soil pollution, each one with its own features and preventive measures to avoid disasters. What is soil pollution anyways? Soil pollution is defined or can be described as the contamination of soil of a particular region. Soil pollution mainly is a result of penetration of harmful pesticides and insecticides, which on one hand serve whatever their main purpose is, but on the other hand, bring about...
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