Exercise 1:
i) Read the paragraphs below and locate the Topic sentence. ii) Circle the Topic & underline the Controlling idea.
Iii) There is one sentence that breaks the rule of unity.Find it & cross it out.
Passage 1:
Daredevil sports are becoming popular. Young people especially are increasingly willing to risk their lives while mountain biking, bungee jumping, or high-speed skateboa
California is a state with every type of geography.It has mountains where you can enjoy the winter sports of skiing,snowboarding,and snowshoeing.It has deserts where temperatures can reach 110°F (43°C) in the summer.It has beaches where you can surf,swim and fish.It has forests where the world’s tallest trees grow.Finally,it has farmlands where a lot of the nation’s fruits and vegetables grow.California also has Hollywood and Disneyland,which are world-famous centres of entertainment.California is a popular place to live,so many peolple move there every year.Indeed California has it all: deserts, beaches, and farms.

Exercise 2
In the following paragraph, choose an appropriate transition signal from those listed after each blank.
Have you ever wondered how those big ocean storms called hurricanes or typhoons get their name? Who decides to name a hurricane “Anne” or “Barbara” or “Bill”? The way hurricane and typhoons are named has changed over the years, and it is an interesting story. Originally, weather forecasters described them by their position in degrees of latitude and longitude 1. (In addition, For example, Since) typhoons might be called “21.20 north, 157.52 west”. 2. (Then, However ,Moreover) this method was confusing, because storms do not stay in the same place 3.(thus ,therefore ,in brief) people developed other ways to identify them. In the Caribbean Sea, hurricanes were named after the Catholic saint’s days 4.(thus, for example, moreover) a hurricane that struck an island in the Caribbean on Saint Ann’s Day was named “Santa Anna”. A weather forecaster in Australia used to name typhoons after politicians whom he disliked 5.(because, for example, however) he wanted to make forecasts such as “Typhoon Smith is on a very destructive path” or “Typhoon Jones is very weak and is not moving in any direction.”
6.(In addition, Later, As a result) during World War I, hurricanes and typhoons were named according to the military alphabet: Able, Baker, Charlie etc. 7.(Then, Later, Furthermore) during World War II, women' names began to be used 8.(so, therefore, and) for the next thirty years ,weather forecasters talked about “Typhoon Alice” and “Hurricane Betsy.9.(However, Then, In addition) in the 1970s, the women’s liberation movement came along and forced weather forecasters to use men’s names too .10.(Thus, For example, Finally) since 1975, a storm could be named “Gertrude” or “George”.11. (In short, So, As a result) the way hurricanes and typhoons are named has changed over the years and will undoubtedly change again.

Exercise 3
The following passage has some main idea missing. Based on the transitional signal provided, fill in the blanks with appropriate idea.

The word “ghost” brings fear to many people of all ages. In other words, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. However, for as many people who shiver at the thought, there are as many who cannot seem to get enough of this topic. This essay presents reasons why the idea of ghosts has come to affect us so significantly.
The idea of ghosts, to begin with, is frightening. This could be because ghosts are often pictured as terrifying figures with sharp fangs, red eyes and long hair. They are also portrayed as being fond of disturbing people by doing things such as __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. As a result, many even complain of recurring nightmares of these specters that leave them chilled to the bone even after waking up. One would think that this only affects children but ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________. It could be summarized, therefore, that _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
Furthermore, the folk tales of most cultures are full of ghosts and spirits. Although ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
__________________________, they still love to read and listen to stories about them, especially around campfires where stories are exchanged late into the night.. This is probably because ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. This mystery that surrounds ghosts is actually what interests people. They are curious about these entities so _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
It comes as no surprise; therefore, that curiosity has ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
In conclusion, while the terror that lurks around the commonly accepted ideas of ghosts continues to terrify people, the mysterious nature of ghosts keeps people ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.